届高考英语典题专项训练二十八.docx

届高考英语典题专项训练二十八.docx

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届高考英语典题专项训练二十八

2021高考英语“典题”专项训练（二十八）

text1

RanulphFiennes,explorer

WhenIwas10,Iwantedtobuyacanoe（独木舟）andneeded￡85.IwashedthebusesatMidhurstbusstationbetween3amto7amduringtheweek.ThenIwashedthedishesattheAngelHotelfrom6pmto10pm.Iwaspaid￡11perweekinall,andthat’showIgotthecash.ItistoolongagotoknowifIactuallylearntanythingfromtheexperience.

RusselKane,comedian

Ididtwohumiliating（不体面的）Saturdayjobs.Thefirstwassellingvacuumcleanersdoortodoor.Ididn’tsellasingleone.Theotherjobwasworkingwithmygranddadforafrozen-fooddeliveryservice.IdoubtthataSaturdayjobreallyteachesyouanything.WhereIcomefrom,it’sautomatic:

atage11yougetajob.Itwasn’t,“Heyman.I’mreallylearningthevalueofwork.”Itwas,“IfIwantmoney,Imustworkforit.”Mydadnevergavemeapennyofpocketmoneyaftertheageof11.

TonyRoss,illustratorandauthor

Inthe1950s,whenIwasaboy,IusedtoworkatthePostOfficeoverChristmas.Manyofusdidit,anditwasfantasticfun.Iearnedenoughtobuyanoldmotorcycle.Ilearntthebasicsofworkingformoneylikearrivingontime,andenjoyingitnomatterwhat.Itwasagoodintroductionbecauseveryfewpeopleworkforfun.

AdeleParks,author

WhenIwas16,Iworkedinourlocalsupermarket,stacking（堆放）shelvesfortwoyears.Iamgoodattalkingandtellingstories,andIthinkIlearntitthere,becauseoneofthethingsaboutstackingshelvesorbeingatthecheckoutisthatyougettopassthetimewithpeople.That’swhatIlikedbest.

1.Togethisdreamcanoe,whatdidRanulphFiennesdowhenhewasten?

A.Heborrowed￡74fromothers.

B.Hewasabsentfromschool.

C.Heaskedhisdadforhelp.

D.Heworkedveryhard.

2.WhydidRusselKanetakepart-timejobsatage11?

A.Tobuyagiftforhimself.

B.Toearnhispocketmoney.

C.Togetsomeworkexperience.

D.Tofollowhisgranddad’sexample.

3.Whoprobablydealtwithmailinhisorherpart-timejob?

A.TonyRoss.B.AdeleParks.

C.RusselKane.D.RanulphFiennes.

text2

CynthiaMosshasbeenstudyingelephantssince1972,whenshestartedthenow-famousAmboseliElephantResearchProjectinAmboseliNationalParkinKenya.Anauthor,lecturer,filmmaker,andafierceadvocateforelephants—whichfacelotsofthreatstotheirsurvival,fromdroughtstohumanencroachment（侵略）—Mossiswidelyconsideredanexpertonthesocialbehaviorofthesecreatures.Akeyfindingfromherstudiesishowmuchelephantsurvivaldependsonlearnedbehavior.

AsMosshasobserved,forexample,ababyelephantmustlearnhowtouseitstrunk.Atfirstayoungelephantwilldrinkbykneelingdownatthewater’sedgeanddrinkingdirectlywithitsmouth.Thehabitofpullingwaterintoitstrunkfollowedbyreleasingthatwaterintoitsmouthdevelopsonlyaftermonthsofwitnessingotherelephantsdoingso.

Onoccasion,Mosswillseeababyelephantstickitstrunkintothemouthofitsmotherandpulloutabitofwhateverplantmaterialsheiseating.Inthisway,thebabyelephantlearnswhatkindsofvegetationaresafetoeatonthesavanna,wherepoisonousplantsalsogrow.

Elephantsliveinfamilygroups,eachoneheadedbyamatriarch（母象）.Thisseniorfemaleteachesadolescentfemalesbymodelingpropercareofyoungerelephants.OneofMoss’smostmemorableobservationsinthisregardinvolvedthreeelephants.Thesewereamatriarch,Echo,andtwooffspring:

Enid,aten-year-oldfemale,andEly,ababyelephant.Elywasbornwithdeformed（畸形的）feetthatinitiallypreventedhimfromwalking.EchoshowedEnidhowtocareforElybystayingclosetohimwhenhewasfeedingandsleepingandbyrunningtohisaidwhenhesignaledhissuffering.Elynotonlyovercamehisearlylimitations,buthealsogrewuptobeaconfidentyoungelephant.

Mosshasbroughtinterestingstoriesandinformationaboutelephantstoanever-expandingaudience.Shehopesotherswillinturnbecomeadvocatesfortheanimalssheadmiresandunderstandsinwaysfewothersdo.

4.Asanadvocateforelephants,whatisCynthiaMossbestat?

A.Understandingelephants’socialbehavior.

B.Savingandcuringdisabledelephants.

C.Gettingalongwithbabyelephants.

D.Feedingandraisingelephants.

5.Whichofthefollowingisababyelephant’sinbornability?

A.Usingitstrunktodrink.

B.Pullingwaterintoitstrunk.

C.Lookingforfooditcaneatsafely.

D.Pullingoutfoodfromitsmother’smouth.

6.WhathadElyexperiencedaccordingtoMoss’sobservations?

A.Henarrowlyescapedbeingkilled.

B.Hegotalotofhelpfromhisfamily.

C.Helivedonhisownforalongtime.

D.Hehaddifficultyineatingandsleeping.

7.Mossprobablyhopesmoreandmore　　　. 

A.peoplecanstudyelephants

B.wildelephantscanbefound

C.peoplecanprotectelephants

D.disabledelephantscansurvive

text3

Anyonewhopassesregularlythroughbusypublicspacesknowsthatonevictimofourobsession（痴迷）withdigitaldevicessuchassmartphoneshasbeensmalltalk.Withoureyesfocusedonoursmartphones,fewerofusmakeconversationwithstrangers.Butarewemissingsomethinginthislossofrelaxingsmalltalk?

Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatsmalltalkhassurprisingbenefits.Inastudypublishedin2014inthePersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatdailyinteractionswithcasualacquaintances（熟人）cancontributetoday-to-daywell-being.Participantswereaskedtorecordtheirdailyinteractionswithpeopleconnectedtothemby“strongties”（familyandfriends）and“weakties”（acquaintances）.Ondayswhenparticipantshadmore“weaktie”interactionsthanusual,theyreportedagreatersenseofbelongingandhappiness.InastudypublishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychologyin2014,anothergroupofresearcherslookedatinteractionsamongstrangers.Theyinvited118commuters（通勤者）ataChicago-arearailwaystationandgavethemoneofthreeroles:

tostartaconversationonthetrain,toavoidanyconversationandenjoythesolitude（loneliness）ortodowhatevertheynormallydoontheircommute.Insurveyscompletedafterward,thosewhowereinstructedtomakeconversationwithstrangersreported“notablymorepositive”commutesthanthosewhorodeinsolitude.

“Talkingwithastrangermaynotofferthesamebenefitsastalkingwithaclosefriend,butweunderestimateitsimportancetous,”saysthestudy’sco-author,NicholasEpley,aprofessorofbehavioralscienceattheUniversityofChicagoBoothSchoolofBusiness.Dr.Epleytradedinhisownsmartphoneforanoldfeaturelessphone,whichhasmadehim,hesays,moreopento“wonderful,shortconversationswithstrangers”.

Peopleoverestimatethesocialrisksinvolvedinsmalltalk,addsDr.Epley,“Mostpeoplenotonlywanttotalktoyou;they’lltellyousecretthingstheymaynoteventellafamilymember.”

8.Thefirststudygotthefindingsfromtheparticipantsbycomparingtheir　　　. 

A.strongandweaktieinteractions

B.casualandcloseacquaintances

C.privateandpublicinteractions

D.familymembersandfriends

9.Whatdidthestudydoneonthetrainfindout?

A.Peoplearelikelytorideinsolitudeonthetrain.

B.Fewcommutersliketochatwithstrangers.

C.Therearethreekindsoftraincommuters.

D.Chatswithstrangersbringjoytopeople.

10.WhichofthefollowingwouldDr.Epleyprobablyagreewith?

A.Itisnicertotalkwithstrangersthanfriends.

B.Smartphonesmaykillsmalltalkwithstrangers.

C.Peoplefailtorealizetheimportanceoffriendship.

D.Moststrangersprefertospendtimeontheirphones.

11.Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?

A.Theinteractionswithstrangers.

B.Thelossofrelaxingsmalltalk.

C.Theinfluenceofsmartphones.

D.Theimportantroleofsmalltalk.

text4

Anunconventionalnewinitiative（首创）inCanadawillsoonallowdoctorstoprescribearttotheirpatients—bygivingthemfreeaccesstoalocalmuseum.WanderingthroughtheMontrealMuseumofFineArts（MMFA）,thesepatientsandtheirlovedoneswillbeabletofeasttheireyesonthepeacefulcollectionsofart.

Theinitiativeisthefirstofitskindintheworld.Andwhileyoucertainlycan’treplaceaconventionaltreatmentwithacoupleofpaintings,theideaisforsuch“prescriptions”toassistaperson’scurrenttreatmentplan.Underthenewprogram,membersoftheFrancophoneAssociationofDoctorsinCanada（FADC）willbeabletohandoutupto50prescriptionsfortheirpatients.

Theseprescriptionswillbeavailableforthosewithawiderangeofmentalandphysicalillnesses,andeachofthemwillallowtwoadultsandtwochildrentovisitthemuseumforfree.

“Byofferingfreeadmissiontoasafe,welcomingplace,arelaxingexperience,amomentofrelief,andanopportunitytostrengthentieswithlovedones,MMFA-FADCMuseumPrescriptionscontributetothepatient’swell-beingandrecovery,”explainsanewsconferencefromtheMMFA

.

Itmaylookalotlikeamarketingeffortforthemuseumbutthere’salsoincreasingevidencethatthedisplayofvisualart,especiallyifit’sshowingnature,canhavepositiveeffectsonhealthoutcomes.

Insomeways,thebenefitsoflookingatartappearalittlesimilartophysicalactivity.Asystematicreviewofclinicalarttherapy（疗法）foundthatvisualarthassignificantandpositiveeffectsondepression,anxiety,mood,andself-esteem.Findingsliketheseareslowlygainingattractioninthemedicalcommunity,makingartworkahigherpriority（优先）inhospitalsaroundtheworld.

IntheUS,nearlyhalfofallhealthcareinstitutionshavereportedincludingartinhealthcareprogramming,suchasarttherapyandtheplacementofvisualartinhospitals.Withspacesdedicated（专用的）toarttherapyandalsoamedicalconsultationroom,theMMFAalreadyprovidesservicesforpeoplewithmentalhealthissues,eatingdisorders,andAlzheimer’sdisease,justtonam