浙江高考英语二轮全程练习 第三部分 阅读理解技法与文体演练 课时20 阅读理解文体技法3议论文.docx

浙江高考英语二轮全程练习 第三部分 阅读理解技法与文体演练 课时20 阅读理解文体技法3议论文.docx

《浙江高考英语二轮全程练习 第三部分 阅读理解技法与文体演练 课时20 阅读理解文体技法3议论文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《浙江高考英语二轮全程练习 第三部分 阅读理解技法与文体演练 课时20 阅读理解文体技法3议论文.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

浙江高考英语二轮全程练习第三部分阅读理解技法与文体演练课时20阅读理解文体技法3议论文

阅读理解文体技法（3）——议论文

Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练

【精要提示】　议论文也是一种运用十分广泛的文章体裁。

阅读议论文必须把握文章的论点、论据和论证。

此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。

议论文的解题策略：

（1）互推法

在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点；或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。

考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。

（2）推理法

推理法对推理判断题非常有用。

考生一定要明白，推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。

如有原句出现，则是客观事实，不是推理判断的答案。

推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。

考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。

【高考经典练】

（2015·江苏卷，D）

FreedomandResponsibility

Freedom'schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.

Some2，500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatcivilizations，splendidempires，butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwerebothtyrannies，oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.

InGreece，inAthens（雅典），alittlecityinalittlecountry，therewerenohelplessmasses.AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed，andtheunwritten，whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeifhewasself－controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theyweresavedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAthens，notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside，butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate.

Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall.Ifpeopledonotprizeit，andworkforit，itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.Itwasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance，aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenian'sprideandjoytogivetotheircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds.Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfordoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate，thestatewastogivetothem.Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem;andwiththisastheprimaryobject，ideasoffreedomandself－relianceandresponsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.

Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself－dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood，theywouldceasetobefree.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom.Itistobehadonnootherterms.Athens，theAthensofAncientGreece，refusedresponsibility;shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain.

But，“theexcellentbecomesthepermanent，”Aristotlesaid.Athenslostfreedomforever，butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.AgreatAmerican，JamesMadison，referredto：

“Thecapacity（能力）ofmankindforself－government.”NodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeakingGreek.Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind，butoncemanhasagreatandgoodidea，itisnevercompletelylost.TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit.Somehowinthisorthatman'sthoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsideredbytheworldofaction.Onecanneverbesurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingoutintoactiononlysurethatitwilldososometime.

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tyrannies”inParagraph2referto?

A．Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp.

B．Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization.

C．Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom.

D．Governmentsruledwithabsolutepower.

2．Peoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho________．

A．regardtheirlifeastheirownbusiness

B．seekgainsastheirprimaryobject

C．behavewithinthelawsandvaluesystems

D．treatotherswithkindnessandpity

3．WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?

A．TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.

B．TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.

C．TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.

D．TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.

4．Whatdoesthesentence“Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.”inParagraph5mean?

A．Athenswouldcontinuetobefree.

B．Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom.

C．Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility.

D．FreedomwouldstopAthensfromself－dependence.

5．WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison?

A．Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom.

B．Theauthoriscautiousaboutself－government.

C．TheauthorisskepticalofGreekcivilization.

D．Theauthorisproudofman'scapacity.

6．Whatistheauthor'sunderstandingoffreedom?

A．Freedomcanbemorepopularinthedigitalage.

B．Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage.

C．Freedomshouldhavepriorityoverresponsibility.

D．Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility.

Ⅱ.能力提升练

A

Twofriendshaveanargumentthatbreaksuptheirfriendshipforever，eventhoughneitheronecanrememberhowthewholethinggotstarted.Suchsadeventshappenoverandoverinhighschoolsacrossthecountry.Infact，accordingtoanofficialreportonyouthviolence，“Inourcountrytoday，thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment，buttheterriblerealityofviolence”．Giventhatthisisthecase，whyaren'tstudentstaughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems，drivecars，orstayphysicallyfit?

Firstofall，studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult（侮辱）．Forexample，afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults，whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn'tinthesandwich，butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.

Oncestudentsrecognizethatconflictisunavoidable，theycanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution（解决）—staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer，heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewords，name－calling，andaccusationonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfire.Ontheotherhand，softwordsspokenatanormalsoundlevelcanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.

Afterbothsideshavecalmeddown，theycanuseanotherkeystrategyforconflictresolution:

listening.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorherside，andtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterward，thelistenercanasknon－threateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker'sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.

Finally，studentsneedconsiderwhattheyarehearing.Thisdoesn'tmeantryingtofigureoutwhat'swrongwiththeotherperson.Itmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueisandwhatbothsidesaretryingtoaccomplish.Forexample，ashoutingmatchoverapeanutbuttersandwichmighthappenbecauseonepersonthinkstheotherpersonisunwillingtotrynewthings.Studentsneedtoaskthemselvesquestionssuchasthese:

Howdidthisstart?

WhatdoIreallywant?

WhatamIafraidof?

Astheissuebecomesclearer，theconflictoftensimplybecomessmaller.Evenifitdoesn't，carefulthoughthelpsbothsidesfigureoutamutualsolution.

Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools，butthatdoesn'tmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram，accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility，“64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves”．Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends，teachers，parents，bosses，andcoworkers.Inthatway，conflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.

1．Thisarticleismainlyabout________．

A．thelivesofschoolchildren

B．thecauseofargumentsinschools

C．howtoanalyzeyouthviolence

D．howtodealwithschoolconflicts

2．FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat________．

A．violenceismorelikelytooccuratlunchtime

B．asmallconflictcanleadtoviolence

C．studentstendtolosetheirtempereasily

D．theeatinghabitofastudentisoftenthecauseofafight

3．WhydostudentsneedtoaskthemselvesthequestionsstatedinParagraph5?

A．Tofindoutwhotoblame.

B．Togetreadytobuynewthings.

C．Tomakeclearwhattherealissueis.

D．Tofigureouthowtostoptheshoutingmatch.

4．AftertheconflictresolutionprogramwasstartedinAtlanta，itwasfoundthat________．

A．therewasadecreaseinclassroomviolence

B．therewaslessstudentcooperationintheclassroom

C．moreteachersfeltbetteraboutthemselvesinschools

D．theteacher－studentrelationshipgreatlyimproved

5．Thewriter'spurposeforwritingthisarticleisto________．

A．complainaboutproblemsinschooleducation

B．teachstudentsdifferentstrategiesforschoollife

C．advocateteachingconflictmanagementinschools

D．informteachersofthelateststudiesonschoolviolence

B

Wehumanbeingshavemanygreatpowersandoneofthemisourimagination.Maybeyouaresurpri