上海高三英语下开学摸底测试.docx
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上海高三英语下开学摸底测试
2020年4月上海高三英语下开学摸底测试
I.ListeningComprehension
II.GrammarandVocabulary
SectionA
Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks, useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
Brainimplantletsmanwithparalysismoveandfeelwithhishand
Abrainimplanthasrestoredmovementandasenseoftouchinthehandofamanwithaseverespinalcordinjury.
PatrickGanzeratBattelleMemorialInstituteintheUSandhiscolleagueshavedevelopeda brain-computerinterface (BCI)that(21)______(allow)28-year-oldIanBurkharttograspandfeelobjectsagain.
Burkharthasasevereupperspinalcordinjuryandhas completeparalysis inhishandsandlegs,(22)______canmovehiselbowsandshoulders.Hehadabrainimplantinsertedin2014aspartofresearchaimingtorestoremovementin(23)______rightarm.
TheBCIusestheimplant(24)______(record)brainactivitythatissenttoaprocessorthatdecodesthesesignalsintomovements,whichinturnfeedintobandsaroundtheforearmwhichelectricallyactivatehishandmuscles.
“We’vemadealotofprogressinthelastsixyears:
hecanplay[thevideogame] GuitarHero,swipeacreditcardanddoabout20differenthandgrips,”saysGanzer.
ButbecauseBurkharthadnosensationinhishands,hepreviouslyhadnosenseoftouchorpressurewhen(25)______(grasp)objects,andifblindfolded,wasnotabletodetectsmallobjectssuchasapencil.
Theresearchersdiscoveredthat(26)______Burkhart’shandcannotfeelanything,thebrainimplantstillsregistersa faintsensorysignalwhenhetouchesanobject.
TheyboostedthissignalbyincorporatingabandaroundthebicepwhichvibrateswhenBurkhart’shandreceivessensoryinformation.
Asaresult,Burkhartisabletodetectobjectsbytouchalone.TheBCIisalsoabletodetectdifferentlevelsoftouchandadjustthestrengthofBurkhart’shandmovementsdependingontheobject–alightgrasp,forexample,forapapercup.
TheresearchersbelieveitisthefirstBCI(27)______cansimultaneouslyrestoremovementandtouch.
Whenthebrainimplantwasinserted,it(28)______(intend)solelyforcontrollingmovement,butthe(29)______(add)touchispossiblebecausethereissomeoverlap(30)______thesensoryandmotorareasinBurkhart’sbrain,saysGanzer.
SectionB
Directions:
Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.consistedB.composingC.measuresD.accountE.patternsF.limitations
G.moderatelyH.progressedI.distributionJ.significantlyK.complement
AIcandistinguishbetweenbotsandhumansbasedonTwitteractivity
ArtificialintelligenceisbeingusedtospotthedifferencebetweenhumanusersandfakeaccountsonTwitter.
EmilioFerraraattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaintheUS,andhiscolleagueshavetrainedanAItodetect botsonTwitter basedondifferencesin(31)______ofactivitybetweenrealandfakeaccounts.
TheteamanalysedtwoseparatedatasetsofTwitterusers,whichhadbeenclassifiedeithermanuallyorbyapre-existingalgorithmaseitherbotorhuman.
Themanuallyverifieddataset(32)______of8.4milliontweetsfrom3500humanaccounts,and3.4milliontweetsfrom5000bots.
Theresearchersfoundthathumanusersrepliedfourtofivetimesmoreoftentoothertweetsthanbotsdid.Realusersgraduallybecomemoreinteractive,withthefractionofrepliesincreasingoverthecourseofanhour-longsessionofTwitteruse.
Thelengthoftweetsbyhumanusersalsodecreasedassessions(33)______.“Theamountofinformationthatisexchangeddiminishes,”saysFerrara.Hebelievesthatthechangemayresultfromacognitivedepletionovertime,inwhichpeoplebecomelesslikelytoexpendmentaleffort(34)______originalcontent.
Bots,ontheotherhand,shownochangesintheirinteractivityorthelengthofinformationtheytweetovertime.
Theteamalsoanalysedtheamountoftimebetweenanytwoconsecutive(连读的)tweetsfromasingleuser.Whenthis(35)______isplotted,botsshowedspikesforcertaintimegaps,suchastweetingat30-minuteor60-minuteintervals.
Theteamthencombinedthese(36)______totrainanexistingbot-detectionalgorithm,calledBotometer,onthedifferenceinactivitypatterns.TheAIwas(37)______morelikelytoaccuratelydetecttofakeaccountsthanwhenitwasnottakinginto(38)______thetimingofposts.
Thealgorithmcouldbeusedto(39)______other bot-detection toolsthatanalysethelanguagewithinposts,saysFerrara.
Oneofthestudy’s(40)______isthattheTwitterdatatheteamanalysedisfromthreeyearsago.Inthattime,it’spossiblethatbotshavebecomemorehuman-likeintheiractivitypatterns.
III.ReadingComprehension
SectionA
Directions:
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Itwas“collegecolours”dayatanelementaryschoolinAltamonteSprings,Florida,onAugust30.OneofLauraSnyder’sfourth-gradestudentsBillyworeanorangeT-shirt(41)______hisfavouriteschool,theUniversityofTennessee.
BillywassoexcitedtoshowSnyderhisshirt.Shewas(42)______thathetookitonestepfurthertomakehisownlabelandhedrewhisownUTlogowithpenandpaperand(43)______ittohisshirt.
Butafterlunch,BillycamebacktoSnyder’sroomcrying.SomegirlsatthelunchtablenexttoBilly’shadmadefunofthe(44)______onhisshirt.Billywasdepressed.Snyderknewkidscanbe(45)______.Shewasawarethatthelabelwasnotthefanciestone,butthiskidusedtheresourceshehad(46)______tohimtoparticipateintheactivity.
Inaneffortto(47)______himup,SnyderplannedtobuyhimaUniversityofTennesseeshirt.SheaskedontheFacebookifanyoneouttherehadany(48)______attheuniversitytomakeitalittleextraspecialforBilly.
Whathappenednextcompletely(49)______her.HerpostspreadrapidlyonFacebook,eventuallyreachingUniversityofTennesseefansandthentheuniversityitself.Theuniversity(50)______bysendingBillyapackageofUTsouvenirsforhimandhisclassmates.
“I’mnotevensureIcanputintowordshis(51)______.Itwassoheart-warming,”Snyderwroteinan(52)______toherpost.“Billywassoamazedatallthegoodiesinthebox.Heproudlyputonthejersey(运动衫)andoneofthemanyhatsinthebox.Allwhosawapplaudedforhim.”
Butthenthingsgotevenbetter.
Theuniversity’sofficialshop(53)______onSeptember5thatitdecidedtotakeBilly’shandmadelogoandturnitintoanactualshirt.Andsomeofthemoneywillbedonatedtoananti-bullying(反欺凌)organization.
“WhenItoldhimthathisdesignwasbeingmadeintoarealshirtandpeoplewantedtowearit,hisjaw(54)______,”Snyderwrote.“Hehadabigsmileonhisface,walkedtaller,andIcouldtellhis(55)______grewtoday!
ThankyoutotheUTNationforthat!
”
Billy’smotherwrotealetterofgratitudethatSnyderposted.Itsaid,inpart,“IcantellyouthatIspentalotofmydayreadingallthekindwordsinsupportofmysonandI’mtouchedbeyondwords,”shewrote.
41.A.appreciatingB.representingC.admiringD.picturing
42.A.remindedB.convincedC.impressedD.satisfied
43.A.attachedB.woreC.turnedD.printed
44.A.brandB.signC.colourD.sample
45.A.strangeB.stupidC.cruelD.selfish
46.A.sustainableB.typicalC.availableD.convenient
47.A.cheerB.tripC.teamD.pick
48.A.exchangeB.contactC.suggestionD.knowledge
49.A.frozeB.posedC.blindedD.floored
50.A.acknowledgedB.greetedC.respondedD.permitted
51.A.reactionB.improvementC.behaviourD.attitude
52.A.emailB.addressC.interviewD.update
53.A.advertisedB.explainedC.promisedD.announced
54.A.changedB.droppedC.achedD.closed
55.A.confidenceB.expectationC.responsibilityD.reputation
SectionB
Directions:
Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
A
In2012,JamesCameron,creatorofAvatarandTitanic,becamethefirstpersontoreachtheChallengerDeep.WhenhearrivedatthedeepestspotonEarthat7milesbelowsealevel,hespenthoursmappingtheregionandtakingphotosandsamples.
“Ashumanbeings,we’redrawntoabsolutes—thedeepest,thehighest,thecoldest,thefarthest,”hesays.“Andasastorytellerandcuriousmonkey,Ijustwantedtoseewhatwasthere.”Theanswerisobvious—plasticandmore.“Ourso-calledcivilizationisusingtheoceanasitstoilet,”Cameronsays.“Unlessthischanges,oceanecosystemsaregoingtocontinuetheirrapidcollapse.”
Despitedecadesofenvironmentalstudies,theimpactofplasticandotherformsofpollutiononoceansarenotentirelyunderstood.Initialstudiesappeartoindicatethatingestingthem—eitherdirectlyorindirectly—couldcausedisease.Plasticscanalsoreleasepoisonoussubstancesintothewater,whichcouldpotentiallyimpactanimalpopulations.
Butplasticisjustoneoftheproblemsfacingoceansthathaveyettobefullyunderstood.“Plasticwasteintheoceanishorrifyingbutisonlythemostobviousofourmanydeadlywastestreams,whichincludecarbonthat’sheatingtheatmosphereandmakingtheoceanacidic,andtherun-of