英语考研之19911998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx

英语考研之19911998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx

《英语考研之19911998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语考研之19911998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx（86页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语考研之19911998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

英语考研之1991-1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

————————————————————————————————作者：

————————————————————————————————日期：

1998年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

PartⅠClozeTest

Directions：

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked\[A\],\[B\],\[C\]and\[D\].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.（10points）

UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.They1thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe2man.Buttheyinsistedthatits3resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe4oftheEnglishpopulation.5contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyears，from1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstilla6agriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.

Thisview,7,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialists8historyandeconomics,have9twothings:

thattheperiodfrom1650to1750was10bygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.

1.［A］admitted［B］believed［C］claimed［D］predicted

2.［A］plain［B］average［D］normal

3.［A］momentary［B］prompt［C］instant［D］immediate

4.［A］bulk［B］host［C］gross［D］magnitude

5.［A］On［B］With［C］For［D］By

6.［A］broadly［B］thoroughly［C］generally［D］completely

7.［A］however［B］meanwhile［C］therefore［D］moreover

8.［A］at［B］in［C］about［D］for

9.［A］manifested［B］approved［C］shown［D］speculated

10.［A］noted［B］impressed［C］labeled［D］marked

PartⅡReadingComprehension

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked\[A\],\[B\],\[C\]and\[D\].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.（40points）

Passage1

Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind'slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.

Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.Itdoesn'thelpthatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhasbecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.Egypt'sleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.Turkey'sbidforFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam.

Butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.TheAswanDam,forexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft-allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.

Andyet,themythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.Thisweek,intheheartofcivilizedEurope,SlovaksandHungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthetroopsintheircontentionoveradamontheDanube.Thehugecomplexwillprobablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.ButSlovakiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheCzechs,andnowneedsadamtoproveitself.

Meanwhile,inIndia,theWorldBankhasgiventhego-aheadtotheevenmorewrong-headedNarmadaDam.Andthebankhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipforthepowerlessandenvironmentaldestruction.Thebenefitsareforthepowerful,buttheyarefarfromguaranteed.

Proper,scientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostsandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts.Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.Butwhenyouaredealingwithmyths,itishardtobeeitherproper,orscientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdon'tneedadamtobesaved.

11.Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat.

\[A\]peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestoreality

\[B\]theblindcouldbehappierthanthesighted

\[C\]over-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalthings

\[D\]fascinationmakespeoplelosetheireyesight

12.Inparagraph5,"thepowerless"probablyrefersto.

\[A\]areasshortofelectricity

\[B\]damswithoutpowerstations

\[C\]poorcountriesaroundIndia

\[D\]commonpeopleintheNarmadaDamarea

13.Whatisthemythconcerninggiantdams?

\[A\]Theybringinmorefertilesoil.

\[B\]Theyhelpdefendthecountry.

\[C\]Theystrengtheninternationalties.

\[D\]Theyhaveuniversalcontrolofthewaters.

14.Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas.

\[A\]"It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk"

\[B\]"Morehaste,lessspeed"

\[C\]"Lookbeforeyouleap"

\[D\]"Hewholaughslastlaughsbest"

Passage2

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?

EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991,productivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1978-1987averages.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a"disjunction"betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace-allthatreengineeringanddownsizing-areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:

switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch"reengineering"hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,hebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleagues,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO'sAlRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish-"theworstsortofambulance-chasing".

15.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis.

\[A\]notasgoodasitseems\[B\]atitsturningpoint

\[C\]muchbetterthanitseems\[D\]neartocompleterecovery

16.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth.

\[A\]excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

\[B\]fallshortofbusinessmen'santicipation

\[C\]meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

\[D\]failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

17.Theauthorraisesthequestion"whataboutpainwithoutgain?

"because.

\[A\]hequestionsthetruthof"nogainwithoutpain"

\[B\]hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

\[C\]hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

\[D\]hehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

\[A\]Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

\[B\]Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelptoincreaseproductivity.

\[C\]Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

\[D\]Theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothings.

Passage3

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo's17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake'sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics-butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked"antiscience"inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas"theFlightfromScienceandReason,"heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and"ScienceintheAgeof（Mis）information,"whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience'sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyother