中考英语知识点谓语动词和主语的一致.docx
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中考英语知识点谓语动词和主语的一致
2018中考英语知识点:
谓语动词和主语的一致
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下面是《2018中考英语知识点:
谓语动词和主语的一致》,仅供参考!
谓语动词和主语的一致
有些谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,特别是动词为现在时态时。
在一般现在时中,若主语为第三人称单数,多数动词都要加-s或-es,如:
Hecomes.Marycries。
如果主语不是第三人称单数,就不需加这样的词尾,如:
Icome.
Theycry.而且,不管是作主要动词还是助动词,在第三人称单数的主语后都得用is,has,does这种形式,否则用are,am,have或do。
至于can,may,must这些助动词,在各种人称后形式不变:
Hecomes.
Heiswaiting,hascome,doesgo,iskind,hasafunnyface,doesnothingatall.
Icome.
Iamwaiting,havecome,dogo.Wearewaiting,havecome,dogo.
Iamsorry.Theyarekind,havefunnyfaces,donothingatall.
任何主语+mustcome.
过去时可和住何主语一起用,只有was和were是例外。
was和第一第三人称单数主语一起用,其他主语都和were一起用,如:
Hewasill.Iwasill.Theywereill.
在将来时中主要是用shall或will,不需加词尾,如:
Theywillcome,shallcome.
Hewillcome,shallcome.
?
判断主语的人称不难,但判断它的数有时却并不容易。
至少有39种有关数上一致的问题,它们可以分为两大类。
第一大类是哪个是主语的问题。
在这类中,决定哪个词或词组是主语比决定某个主语是单数还是复数更困难。
以下面句子为例:
Thestudents,aswellastheteacher,areintheclass-room.
Myguideisthestars.
第二大类是主语是单数还是复数的问题。
在这类中,决定主语是单数还是复数比决定哪个是主语更困难:
Billiardsismyfavoritegame.
Thephenomenaisunbelievable.
TheheadquartersisinLondon.
1)第一大类:
哪个是主语?
谓语动词通常跟在主语后面,但有时却放在主语前面,特别是在由who,which,how,when等疑问词或助动词引起的问句中:
Whoarethey?
Whichdoesshelikebest?
HasyourwifecomebackfromParis?
Aretheguestscelebratingherbirthday?
在某些倒装句中,谓语动词有时放在主语前面:
Ifyouarenotsatisfied,norisPeter.
NeverinmylifehaveIforgother.NobodyelsecanIlove.
HardlyhasLizwokenupwhenthesunrises.
“Ifeelbored.”“Soisevrybody.”
在下面这类倒装句中情况也如此。
Therecomemanychildren.
Beforethehousestandsatree.
Beforethehousestandatreeandabench.
Inthehousethereisacat,adog,andthreebirds.
ToDickfallthedutiesofmaintainingthefamily.
AfterJancomesNora.
Here’sallthecoinsIhave.
There’sthreefriendswaitingforme.
Where’sthekidsthatstoletheapples?
在下面这类句子中,补语或分词提前,主语在is,was,are,were之后:
Goneareallmyhappydays!
Waitingfortheresultsarethousandsofpeople.Gatheredundertheroofwereallthebigshots.
两个单数名词由and连接可构成复数主语:
JohnandMaryarecoming.
Mymoneyandmyfriendarebothgone.
Goodcoffeeandbadaredifferentfromeachother.
两个人称代词由and连接也构成复数主语:
HeandIarefriends.
Bothyouandheareill.
由every,any等词修饰的几个主语,尽管由and连接,仍然保持是单数:
Everyboyandeverygirlisplaying.
Anyrelative,anyfriendandanyneighbourisreadytohelphim.
Eachgrown-upandeachchildlikesit.
Nocity,novillage,nomountain,noseaisaplaceofsafety.
Manyamanandmanyawomanhasseentheaccident.
两个名词前各加同一限定词,表示是两个人或两样东西,谓语动词要用复数:
Ageneralandastatesmanwerekilled.
Hishomeandhisofficeareveryfarfrommyhome.
Ablackandawhitedogareplayingintheyard.
一个不可数名词,如有两个形容词修饰,而指两样东西,动词用复数;否则用单数:
EnglishandFrenchgrammararedifferent.
Sweetandsourporkisdelicious.
如果主体词重复,表示是两样东西,动词要用单数:
Thesituationbeforethewarandthesituationafterarediffer-ent.
Whathesaidandwhathethoughtwerethesame.
如作主语的两个名词用同一限定词,指的是一个人或一样东西,动词要用单数:
Ageneralandstatesmanwaskilled.
Hishomeandofficeisveryfarfrommyhouse.
Ablackandwhitedogisplaying.
Whathesaidandthoughtwasforothers.
有时两个名词虽由and连接,但习惯上被看作是一样东西,这时动词也用单数:
Breadandbutterisenoughforme.
Whiskyandsodaishisfavourite.
Duckandpeasisdelicious,buteggsandbaconisbetter.
Thatcupandsaucerisbroken.
Thewheelandaxleisoutofrepair.
Aneedleandthreadisallmygrandmotherneeds.
RomeoandJulietisatragedy.
两个抽象名词一起用时,有时代表两个东西,有时代表一个东西,动词的单复数要根据意思来决定,有时两者都可以:
Theuseandobjectofthisaresimple.
Thestitchingandbindingofbooksareahardjob.
HiscourageandenduranceareGreat.
Sympathyandunderstandingarerequired.
Trialanderroristhebestwaytolearn.
AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.
Theebbandflowofone’sfortuneisamatterofcourse.
有时一个主语后跟一逗号,以及“and+名词+副词”,后面的动词就常和第一个名词一致。
“and+名词+副词”可以看作一个省略的分句:
Mary,andherparentstoo,isfondofJohn.
Mary,andperhapsherparents,isfondofJohn.
Mary,butnotherparents,isfondofJohn.
Mary’sparents,butnotMaryherself,arefondofJohn.
单纯数词一般看作单数,如果有两个数词由and或time或其它词连接,动词可以用单数或复数形式:
Thirteenisanunluckynumber.
Twoandtwomakefour.
Eightplusfiveequalsthirteen.
Threefivesarefifteen.
Threetimesfivearefifteen.
Whataretwiceseven?
40multipliedby58equals2320.
Fivefromnineisfour.
Sixhundredandoneminusfortyequalsfivehundredandsix-ty-one.
Threeintotwelvegoesfour.
Twohundredfiftydividedbyfiftyequalsfive.如果数词表示复数的人或东西,动词也用复数形式:
Fivewerekilled.
Oneandahalf…为复数,而halfa…为单数:
Oneandahalfdollarswerespentonsugar,andhalfadollarwasSpentonflour.
Afineand/orimprisonmentisnotenough.
如果两个主语由or或nor连接,动词与最靠近的主语一致:
EitheryouorIamright.
NeitherAlicenorherparentslikeMike.
Oneortwowordsareenough.
Thereisoneortwoexamples.
Wangorratherhisbrothersdecidethematter.
但:
Lifeordeatharenothingtome.
WhetherJohnorMaryarewillingtohelpmeisstillaproblem.
两个主语若由notonly…butalso…连接起来,动词和最近的主语一致:
Notonlymyhouse,butmanyotherhouseshavebeenwhite-washed.
NotonlyMary’sparents,butalsoMaryherselflikesMike.
ThereisnotonlyMary,butalsoMary’sparents.
如果主语后跟有介词短语、连词短语或是分词短语,动词仍与主语一致,不受中间插入成分的影响:
Twogirls,besidesMary,arestudyingMalay.
Allmysisters,exceptLilian,studyflower-arranging.
Thestreet,withsomanypeoplegoingupanddown,isdirty.
Lee,togetherwithhisthreebrothers,hascometoourparty.
Thehorses,alongwiththeirowner,fallintotheriver.
Thisproblem,inadditiontotheothertwo,makemesad.
You,aswellashe,aremistaken.
Thestudents,muchmorethantheteacher,wishforaholi-day.
Theteacher,asmuchasthestudents,wishesforaholiday.
Wang’sfriends,nolessthanWanghimself,wishforhissuc-cess.
Oneapple,dividedbysixchildren,isathingunpleasant.
Themanager,accompaniedbyhisassistants,hasgoneout.
Myschoolmates,includingJohn,arekindtome.
Allthemembers,notexceptingthechairman,arearrived.
上面那种插在主语和谓语动词之间的成分,也可移到句首,意思是差不多的:
BesidesMary,threestudentsarestudyingMalay.
Inadditiontotheothertwo,thisproblemmakesmesad.
NolessthanWanghimself,Wang’sfriendswishforhissuc-cess.
Accompaniedbyhisassistants,themanagerhasgoneout.
主语后面有时跟有of或其他介词时,动词仍和主语一致:
Oneoftheboysissick.
Themeetingofsomanystrangersbroadenshisview.
Acleanupofsuchagovernmentisabsolutelynecessary.
Thelossofhisparentswastoomuchforhim.
Atruckloadoforangescostsaboutathousanddollars.
Twospoonsofsugararejustenough.
Twobottlesofwhiskyarenothingtohim.
Onlyfivebagsofriceareinstock.
Sixcasesofcholeraarereported.
Signsofrevoltareincreasingeveryday.
Thiskindofcatisrare.
Thesekindsofflowersarerare.
Flowersofthiskindarerare.
Oneofthestudents,whospeakslrish,isherson.
Oneofthestudentswhospeaklrishisherson.
Morechildrenthanoneareinfected.
Nobodybutfiveworkersispromoted.
SuchpeopleasJohnarewonderful.
Thenumberofbanksinthiscityisaboutforty.
Theaverageofabsenteesisfourineachmeeting.
Thetotalofmurdersinthisyearisovertwohundred.
后面跟复数动词的短语有:
amajorityofpeople,avarietyofreasons,arainofbullets,astormofstones,afloodofre-sources,aseaoffaces,atrickleoftourists,amountainofwatermelons等等。
系动词一般都和前面的主语一致,而不受后面补语的影响:
Myonlypleasureisthemovies.
Themoviesaremyonlypleasure.
Thosestarsaremyonlyguide.
Myonlyguideisthosestars.
Hisfoodisfruitandmilk.
Fruitandmilkarehisfood.
Dogsareapleasanttrouble.
Weareafootballteam.
主语后的同位语和补语一样都不影响动词的形式:
Themovies,myonlypleasure,arealsomyruin.
Thosestars,myonlyguide,aretwinklingallthenight.
Hisfood,fruitandmilkisdeliciousandnutritious.
Theybecomemasterofthesituation.
Manyfallvictim.
Theyseemtobeourenemy.
Theyarealwaysthevictor.
Theworldappearstoomanyforme.
Thenationisbutindividuals.
Whoisknocking?
ItseemstobeJohnandMary.
Sheisalleyes.
Theroomisallbooksandnewspapers.
Thestreetisallloiterersandbeggars.
但:
Thefollowingismyaddress.
在某些习惯用法中补语用复数形式,动词仍与主语一致:
HeisgreatfriendswithJohn.
Heispalswithyou.
Heisenemieswitheveryone.
Iamquitswithhim.
不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,尽管里面有复数名词,动词仍用单数形式:
Forthemtotellliesisveryeasy.
Forusbusinessmentoknowmanypeopleisnecessary.Tellingliesdoesnotpay.
VisitingallEuropeancountriesismyambition.
Whatwewantisgoodroads.
Thattheylikepowerandwealthistrue.
“Itpourscatsanddogs”meansitrainsheavily.
“Manyhappyreturns”isaformofgreetingonsomeboby’sbirthday.
在it引起的强调某句子成分的句子中,动词用单数更好一些:
Itistheywhoiswrong.
Itisyouthatoftenmakessuchmistakes.
但实际上用复数的人也不少。
2)第二大类:
主语是单数还是复数?
数词,不管是泛指还是特指,只要是指人或物,通常都跟有复数动词:
Sevenwerekilled.
Twoaremissing.
Fewknowit.
Afewhavebeenthrownaway.
Severalwerewounded.
Hundredshavebecomehomeless.
Bothhavecome.
Thousandsuponthousandswerestarved.
Somewerekilled,otherswerewounded.
Alargevarietyofumbrellasareonsale.
Afewaresatisfied,butagreatmanyaredisappointedandveryangry.
Themajorityofhumanbeingsareselfish.
Fiftydozenofstockingshavejustarrived.
Tenpairofglovesareondisplay.
Fouryokeofoxenarecoming.
Twentyheadofcattlearegr