英语六级快速阅读专项训练真题版附答案和详解.docx

英语六级快速阅读专项训练真题版附答案和详解.docx

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英语六级快速阅读专项训练真题版附答案和详解

1.WhyIntegrityMatters

　　WhatIsIntegrity?

　　Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself（honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness）butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical（道德上的）standardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.

　　Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?

Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapse（缺失）ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?

Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.

　　RiskyBusiness

　　Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision,makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedidandthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.

　　Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism（剽窃）mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct,Ignoranceisnotadefense.

　　"ButEverybodyDoesIt"

　　Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:

"Everyoneelsedoesit.""I'mnothurtinganyone",or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescangetveryelaborate:

"IknowI'mlookatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI’mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.

Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:

Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryoreshoulder.Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,that'sanindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.

EvaluatingRisks

Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmolatebenefitsandsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludea"O"onatestorassignment,an"F"intheclass,suspension（暂令停学）ordismissalfromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable（脆弱的）position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.

GettingAwaywithit-OrNot

Thosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,whichdeprives（剥夺）himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:

thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidofgettingcaught.

Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.

CheatingHurtsOther,Too

Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative（累积的）effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease.Recentstatisticssuggest30％ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons"theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.（"IfIdon'tcheatIcan'tcompetewiththosewhodo"）Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoofteachingisseeingstudentslearn.Butacheatersays."I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach,allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."Theendresultisadestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheuniversityandharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.

WhyIntegrityMarten

Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofothers,ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.

Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.

1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______.

A）stickstothemintheirdailylife　　B）makesthemknowntoothers

C）understandstheirtruevalues　　　D）seesthatothersalsofollowthem

2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?

A）Ithelpstocreateteamspirit　　　B）Itfacilitatescommunication

C）Itisthebasisofmutualtrust　　　D）Itinspiresmutualrespect

3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake？

A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.　　B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.

C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules.　　D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble.

4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______?

A.ithascausednoharm.　　B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.

C.ithasgoneunnoticed.　　D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions.

5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?

A.Avoidmakingexcuses.　　B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice.

C.Makehisintensionspublic.　　D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.

6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______.

A.willoftenbecomemorecautious　B.areusuallyveryaggressive

C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost.　D.mayloseeverythingintheend

7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______.

A）paymoredearly　　B）becomemoreconfident

C）bewidelyadmired　　D）feelsomewhatlucky

8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowto_____________________________.

9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’s_________________________.

10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultof________________________________.

2.BritishCuisine:

theBestofOldandNew

Britishcuisine（烹饪）hascomeofageinrecentyearsaschefs（厨师）combinethebestofoldandnew.

WhydoesBritishfoodhaveareputationforbeingsobad?

Becauseitisbad!

ThosearenotthemostencouragingwordstohearjustbeforeeatinglunchatoneofHongKong'ssmartestBritishrestaurants,Alfie'sbyKEE,butheadchefNeilTomeshasmoretosay.

"Thepast15yearsorsohavebeenanoticeableperiodofimprovementforfoodinEngland,"theEnglishchefsays,citingthetrendinBritishcuisineforbetteringredients,preparationandcookingmethods,andmoreappealingpresentation.ChefssuchasDeliaSmith,NigelSlater,JamieOliverandGordonRamsaymadethepublicrealisethatcooking-andeating-didn'thavetobeaboringthing.Andnow,mostoftheBritishpublicisfamiliarevenwiththeextremesofHestonBlumenthaPsmoleculargastronomy,aformofcookingthatemploysscientificmethodstocreatetheperfectdish.

"It'snolongerthecasethatthecommonmaninEnglandisembarrassedtoshowheknowsaboutfood,"Tomessays.

Therewasplentyofroomforimprovement.Theproblemswiththenation'scuisinecanbetracedbacktotheSecondWorldWar.BeforetheWar,muchofBritain'sfoodwasimportedandwhenGermanU-boatsbeganattackingshipsbringingfoodtothecountry,Britainwentonrations（配给）.

"Asrationingcametoanendinthe1950s,technologypickedupandwasusedtomass-producefood,"Tomessays."Andbythenpeoplewerejusthappytohaveadecentquantityoffoodintheirkitchens."

Theyweren'tlookingforcuredmeats,organicproduceorbeautifulpresentation;theywerelookingforwhatevertheycouldgettheirhandson,andthisprioritisationofquantityoverqualityprevailedfordecade