gutyjg翻译资格考试二级笔译真题详解.docx
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gutyjg翻译资格考试二级笔译真题详解
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懒惰是很奇怪的东西,它使你以为那是安逸,是休息,是福气;但实际上它所给你的是无聊,是倦怠,是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望,割断你和别人之间的友情,使你心胸日渐狭窄,对人生也越来越怀疑。
—罗兰
2003年12英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题
Part1SummaryWriting
A.ReadthefollowingEnglishpassageandthenwriteaChinesesummaryofapproximately300wordsthatexpressesitsmainideasandbasicinformation(40points,50minutes)
Deceptivelysmallincolumninches,arecentNewYorkTimesarticleholdslargemeaningforusinbusiness.TheitemconcernedoneDanielProvenzano,38,ofUpperSaddleRiver,N.J.Hereistherelevantportion:
WhenheownedaFortLeeprintingcompanycalledAdviceInc.,Mr.Provenzanosaidhefoundoutthatasalesrepresentativeheemploymenthadstolen$9,000.Mr.Provenzanosaidhetoldthemanthat“ifhewantedtokeephisemployment,Iwouldhavetobreakhisthumb.”HesaidanotherAdviceemployeedrovethesalesrepresentativetoHolyNameHospitalinTeaneck,brokethethumbwithahammeroutsidethehospital,andthenhadacarservicetakethemanhomeafterthethumbwasrepaired.
Mr.Provenzanoexplainedthathe“didn’twanttosetanexample”thatworkerscouldgetawaywithstealing.Theworkereventuallypaidback$4,500andkepthisjob,hesaid.Iknowthatyou’rethinking:
Thisisanoutrage.I,too,wasshockedthatProvenzanowasbeingprosecutedforhisastutemanagement.Indeed,Ithinkhis“modestproposal”hasalottoteachmanagersastheystrugglewiththeproblemsofourpeople-centeredbusinessenvironment.Problemssuchas….
Dealingwiththebottom10%.GEmadethesystemfamous,butplentyofcompaniesareusingit:
Everyyearyougetridoftheworst-evaluatedworkers.Manymanagersobjectthatthispracticeisinhumane,butnotdealingwiththatbottom10%leadstobigperformanceproblems.Provenzanofoundakinder,gentleranswer.Afterall,thisemployeewouldhavebeenfiredvirtuallyanywhereelse.ButatAdviceInc.,hestayedonthejob.Andyouknowwhat?
Ibethebecomeavery,very—very—productiveemployee.FormostmanagersProvenzano’sinnovativeresponsewillbeawelcomenewadditiontotheirexecutivetoolkit.Andbytheway,“executivetoolkit”isclearlymorethanjustametaphoratAdviceInc.
Beingtheemployerofchoice.Withtoptalentscarceeverywhere,mostcompaniesnowwanttobetheirindustry’sortheircommunity’smostdesirable.AdviceInc.understood.Theemployeeinquestionwasn’tsimplydisciplinedinhissupervisor’sofficeandsenthome.No,that’showanordinaryemployerwouldhavedoneit.ButatAdviceInc.,anotheremployee—theHRmanager,perhaps?
—tooktimeouthisbusydayanddrovetheguyrighttotheemergencyroom.Andthen—thedetailthatsaysitall—thecompanyprovidedacarservicetodrivetheemployeehome.Themessagetotalentedjobcandidatescomesthroughloudandclear:
AdviceInc.isacompanythatcares.
Settinganexampletoothers.Aneternalproblemformanagersishowtoletallemployeesknowwhathappenstothosewhoperformespeciallywellorbadly.Afewcompaniesactuallyposteveryone’ssalaryandbonusontheirintranet.Butpayissoone-dimensional.AtAdviceInc.,aproblemthatwouldhardlybementionedatmostcompanies—embezzlement—wasundoubtedlythetopicofrichdiscussionsforweeks,atleastuntiltheemployee’scastcameoff.Anyemployeetheftprobablywentway,way—way—down.
WhenthegreatRobertoGoizuetawasCEOofCoca-Colaheusedtotalkaboutthisproblemofsettingexamplesandonceobserved,“Sometimesyoumusthaveanexecutioninthepublicsquare!
”Butofcoursehewasspeakingonlyfiguratively.Ifhehadjustlistenedtohisownwords,GoizuetamighthavebeenanevenbetterCEO.
Differentiation.ThisisoneofJackWelch’sfavoriteconcepts—theideathatmanagersshouldtreatdifferentemployeesverydifferentlybasedonperformance.Welchlikedtodifferentiatewithsalary,bonus,andstockoptions,butnow,inwhatmusthenceforthbeknownasthepost-Provenzanomanagementera,wecanseethatGE’sgreatmanagementthinkerjustwasn’tthinkingbigenough.
ThisTimesarticleistantalizingandfrustrating.Injustafewsentencesitopensawholenewworldofmanagement,yetmuchmoresurelyremainstobetold.WemustallurgeProvenzanotowriteabookexplaininghiscompletemanagerialphilosophy.
B.ReadthefollowingChinesepassageandthenwriteanEnglishsummaryofapproximately250wordsthatexpressesitscentralideasandmainviewpoints(40points,50minutes)
越是对原作体会深刻,越是欣赏原文的每秒,越觉得心长力,越觉得译文远远的传达不出原作的神韵。
返工的次数愈来愈多,时间也花得愈来愈多,结果却总是不满意。
……例如句子的转弯抹角太生硬,色彩单调,说理强而描绘弱,处处都和我性格的缺陷与偏差有关。
自然,我并不因此灰心,照样“知其不可为而为之”,不过要心情愉快也很难了。
工作有成绩才是最大的快乐:
这一点你我都一样。
另外有一点是肯定的,就是西方人的思想方式同我们距离太大了。
不做翻译工作的人恐怕不会体会到这么深切。
他们刻画心理和描写感情的时候,有些曲折和细腻的地方,复杂繁琐,简直与我们格格不入。
我们对人生琐事往往有许多是人为不值一提而省略,有许多只是罗列事实而不加分析的;如果要写情就用诗人的态度来写:
西方作家却多半用科学家的态度,历史学家的态度(特别巴尔扎克),像解剖昆虫一半。
译的人固然懂得了,也感觉到它的特色,妙处,可是要叫思想方式完全不一样的读者领会就难了。
思想方式反映整个的人生观,宇宙观,和几千年文化的发展,怎能一下子就能和另一民族的思想沟通呢?
你很幸运,音乐不像语言的局限那么大,你还是用音符表达前人的音符,不是用另一种语言文字,另一种逻辑。
(《博雷家书》)
Part2ReadingComprehension(20points,20minutes)
Inthissectionyouwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwithfour(A,B,CandD)suggestedanswersorwayoffinishing.Youmustchoosetheonewhichyouthinkfitsbest.
PASSAGE1
ToErrIsHuman
byLewisThomas
Everyonemusthavehadatleastonepersonalexperiencewithacomputererrorbythistime.Bankbalancesaresuddenlyreportedtohavejumpedform$379intothemillions,appealsforcharitablecontributionsaremailedoverandovertopeoplewithcrazysoundingnamesatyouraddress,departmentstoressendthewrongbills,utilitycompanieswritethatthey’returningeverythingoff,thatsortofthing.Ifyoumanagetogetintouchwithsomeoneandcomplain,youthengetinstantaneouslytyped,guiltylettersfromthesamecomputer,saying,“Ourcomputerwasinerror,andanadjustmentisbeingmadeinyouraccount.”
Thesearesupposedtobethesheerest,blindestaccidents.Mistakesarenotbelievedtobethenormalbehaviorofagoodmachine.Ifthingsgowrong,itmustbeapersonal,humanerror,theresultoffingering,tamperingabuttongettingstuck,someonehittingthewrongkey.Thecomputer,atitsnormalbest,isinfallible.
Iwonderwhetherthiscanbetrue.Afterall,thewholepointofcomputersisthattheyrepresentanextensionofthehumanbrain,vastlyimproveduponbutnonethelesshuman,superhumanmaybe.Agoodcomputercanthinkclearlyandquicklyenoughtobeatyouatchess,andsomeofthemhaveevenbeenprogrammedtowriteobscureverse.Theycandoanythingwecando,andmorebesides.
Itisnotyetknownwhetheracomputerhasitsownconsciousness,anditwouldbehardtofindoutaboutthis.Whenyouwalkintooneofthosegreathallsnowbuiltforthehugemachines,andstandinglistening,itiseasytoimaginethatthefaint,distantnoisesarethesoundofthinking,andtheturningofthespoolsgivesthemthelookofwildcreaturesrollingtheireyesintheefforttoconcentrate,chokingwithinformation.Butrealthinking,anddreaming,areothermatters.Ontheotherhand,theevidenceofsomethinglikeanunconscious,equivalenttoours,areallaround,ineverymail.Asextensionsofthehumanbrain,theyhavebeenconstructedthesamepropertyoferror,spontaneous,uncontrolled,andrichinpossibilities.
Question1:
Thetitleofthewriting“ToErrIsHuman”impliesthat
A.makingmistakesisconfinedonlytohumanbeings.
B.everyhumanbeingcannotavoidmakingmistakes.
C.allhumanbeingsarealwaysmakingmistakes.
D.everyhumanbeingisborntomakebadmistakes.
Question2:
Thefirstparagraphimpliesthat
A.computererrorsaresoobviousthatonecanhardlypreventthemformhappening.
B.acomputerissocapableofmakingerrorsthatnoneofthemisavoidable.
C.computersmakesucherrorsasmiscalculationandinaccuratereporting.
D.computerscan’tthinksotheirerrorsarenaturalandunavoidable.
Question3:
Theauthoruseshishypothesisthat“computersrepresentanextensionofthehumanbrain”inordertoindicatethat
A.humanbeingsarenotinfallible,norarecomputers.
B.computersareboundtomakeasmanyerrorsashumanbeings.
C.errorsmadebycomputerscanbeavoidedthesameashumanmistakescanbeavoided.
D.computersaremadebyhumanbeingsandsoaretheirerrors.
Question4:
Therhetorictheauthoremployedinwritingthethirdparagraph,especiallythesentence“Agoodcomputercanthinkclearlyandquicklyenoughtobeatyouatchess…”isusuallyreferredtoinwritingas
A.climax.
B.personification.
C.hyperbole.
D.onomatopoeia.
Question5:
Theauthorcomparedthefaintanddistantsoundofthecomputertothesoundofthinkingandregardeditastheproductof
A.dreamingandthinking
B.somepropertyoferrors.
C.consciousness.
D.possibilities.
PASSAGE2
TheFrugalGourmetCooksAmerican
byJeffSmith
OurrealAmericanfoodshavecomefromoursoilandhavebeenusedbymanygroups—thosewhoalreadylivedhereandthosewhohavecomeheretolive.TheNativeAmericansalreadyhaddevelopedaninterestingcuisineusingtheabundantfoodsthatweresoprevalent.
TheinfluencethattheEnglishhaduponournationaleatinghabitsiseasytosee.Theywereatoughlot,thoseEnglish,andtheyateinatoughmanner.Theywipedtheirmouthsonthetablecloth,iftherehappenedtobeone,andtheyateuntilyouwouldexpectthemtoburst.EuropeantravelerstothiscountryinthosedaysweremostoftenshockedbyAmericaneatinghabits,whichincludedtoomuchsaltandtoomuchliquor.Notmuchhaschanged!
And,theRevolutionistsrefusedtousetheforksinceitmarkedthemasEuropeans.TheforkwasnotabsolutelycommonontheAmericandinnertableuntilaboutthetimeo