英语四级阅读练习及答案.docx
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英语四级阅读练习及答案
英语四级阅读练习及答案
PassageOne:
Asthehorizonsofsciencehaveexpended,twomaingroupsofscientistshaveemerged.Oneisthepurescientist,theother,appliedscientist.
Thepureortheoreticalscientistdoesoriginalresearchinordertounderstandthebasiclawsofthenaturethatgovernourworld.Theappliedscientistadaptsthisknowledgetopracticeproblems.Neitherismoreimportantthantheothers,however,forthegroupsareverymuchrelated.
Sometimes,however,theappliedscientistfindsthe“problems”forthetheoreticalscientisttoworkon.Let’stakeaparticularproblemoftheaircraftindustry:
heat-resistantmetals.Manyofthemetalsandalloysthatperformsatisfactorilyincarcannotbeusedinajet-propelled(喷气推进式)plane,Newalloysmustbeused,becausethejetengineoperatesatamuchhighertemperaturethananautomobileengine.Theturbinewheel(涡轮)inaturbojet(涡轮喷气发动机)mustwithstandtemperaturesashighas1,600degreesFahrenheit,soaircraftdesignershavetoturntotheresearchmetallurgistforthedevelopmentofmetalsandalloysthatwoulddothejobinjet-propelledplanes.
Divingscientistsintotwogroups-pureandapplied-isonlyonebroadwayofclassifyingthem,however.Whenscientificknowledgewasverylimited,therewasnoneedformentospecialize.Today,withthegreatbodyofscientificknowledge,scientistsspecializeinmanydifferentfields.Withineachfield,thereisevenfurthersubdivision.And,withfinerandfinersubdivisions,thevariousscienceshavebecomemoreandmoreinterrelateduntilnobranchisentirelyindependentoftheothers.Manynewspecialties-geophysicsandbiochemistry,forexample-haveresultedfromcombiningtheknowledgeoftwoormorescience.
1.Theappliedscientist
A) doesoriginalresearchtothebasiclawsofnature
B) appliedtheresultofresearchtopracticalproblems
C) providesthebasicknowledgeforthepurescientist
D) isnotinterestedinpracticalproblems
2.Theexamplegiveninthethirdparagraphillustrateshow
A) purescienceoperatesindependentlyofappliedscience
B) theappliedscientistdiscoverthebasiclawsofnature
C) appliedsciencedefinesalltheareasinwhichbasicresearchisdone
D) appliedsciencesuggestsproblemsforthebasicscientist
3.Finerandfinersubdivisioninthefieldofsciencehasresultedin
A) thelossoftheneedforspecialists
B) greaterinterdependenceofeachscience
C) greaterdependenceofeachscience
D) theneedforonlyoneclassificationifscientists
4.Geophysicsandbiochemistryare .
A) examplesofnewspecialtiesresultingfromcombingsciences
B) totallydependentsciences
C) amongtheoldestsciencesknowntoman
D) bothB)andC)
5.“Thehorizonsofsciencehaveexpanded,”(para1)meansthat
A) scientistscanseefurtheroutintospace
B) sciencehasdeveloped morefieldofhumanendeavor
C) thehorizonchangessizefromyeartoyear
D) scientistshavemadeamachineforenlargingthehorizon
PassageTwo:
Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemaytakethefriendshipforgranted,weoftendon’tclearlyunderstandhowwemakefriends.Whilewegetonwellwithonlyanumberofpeople,weareusuallyfriendswithonlyaveryfew.Forexample,theaverageamongstudentsisabout6perperson.Inallthecasesoffriendlyrelationship,twopeoplelikeoneanotherandenjoybeingtogether,butbeyondthat,thedegreeofintimacybetweenthemandthereasonsfortheirsharedinterestvaryenormously.Aswegettoknowpeoplewetakeintoaccountthingslikeages,race,economiccondition,socialposition,andintelligence.Althoughthesefactorsarenotofprimeimportance,itismoredifficulttogetonwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackground.
Somefriendlyrelationshipscanbekeptonargumentanddiscussion,butitisusuallyforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs,tohaveattitudeandinterestsincommon—theyoftentalkabout“beingonthesamewavelength”.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint.Andthemoreintimatelyinvolvedpeoplebecome,themoretheyrelyononeanother.Peoplewanttodofriendsfavorsandhatetobreakanpromise.Equally,friendshavetolearntoputupwithannoyinghabitsandtotolerantdifferencesofopinion.
Incontrastwithmarriage,therearenofriendshipceremoniestostrengthentheassociationbetweentwopeople.Butthesupportingandunderstandingofeachotherthatresultsfromsharedexperiencesandemotionsdoesseemtocreateapowerfulbond,whichcanovercomedifferencesinbackgroundandbreakdownofage,classandrace.
6.Accordingtotheauthor, .
A) allthosewhogetonwellwitheachotherarefriends
B) friendsarecloserth