高考试题阅读理解汇编.docx

高考试题阅读理解汇编.docx

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高考试题阅读理解汇编

2017年高考题

一、科普知识类

（2017·全国甲卷·C）

话题:

飞车　　词数:

314W　　难度:

★★★

TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna﹩10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost﹩279,000.Anditwon’thelpifyou’restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.

Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.

MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration’sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.

【文章大意】本文介绍了一款新发明的飞车,并说明了它的现状与未来的发展前景。

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout？

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

【解析】选A。

主旨大意题。

第一段告诉我们Terrafugia声称它研制的飞车试飞成功,飞车的名字为theTransition。

所以第一段主要介绍了theTransition的情况。

故选A。

29.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways？

A.Itcausestrafficjams.

B.Itisdifficulttooperate.

C.Itisveryexpensive.

D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.

【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第二段的Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost﹩279,000.Anditwon’thelpifyou’restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.可知,这款飞车的造价很高,它需要一个跑道,如果它遇到交通堵塞也飞不起来。

由此可知C项更符合。

30.Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar？

A.Cautious.B.Favorable.

C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.

【解析】选B。

观点态度题。

根据第三段的Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.可知,政府对研制飞车持支持的态度。

A.谨慎的;B.支持的;C.模棱两可的;D.反对的。

故选B。

31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？

A.FlyingCaratAutoShow

B.TheTransition’sFirstFlight

C.Pilots’DreamComingTrue

D.FlyingCarClosertoReality

【解析】选D。

主旨大意题。

飞车试飞成功,已经有大约100人预订了飞车,飞车即将成为现实。

故选D。

【难句剖析】

Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.

分析:

主语是Terrafugia,谓语是says,anownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition是宾语从句。

arequirement是对前面宾语从句的补充说明,其后面是定语从句。

翻译:

Terrafugia声称飞车的主人将需要通过一个测试,并且要完成20小时的飞行才能驾驶theTransition,这个要求是飞行员发现相对容易达到的。

（2017·全国乙卷·D）

话题:

怎样自制蒸馏器　　词数:

323W　　难度:

★★★★

　　Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸馏器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5ˈ×5ˈsheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.

　　Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.

　　Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone（圆锥体）with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.

　　Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates（蒸发）andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.

【文章大意】在很难得到水的地方,怎样自制蒸馏器?

本文就告诉了读者制作它的方法。

32.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?

A.It’sdelicate.　　　　　B.It’sexpensive.

C.It’scomplex.D.It’sportable.

【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

根据第一段的Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt可知,要携带的这个设备可以折叠并固定在腰带上，由此可知选D。

D项中portable表示“便携的”。

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?

A.Thetube.B.Thestill.

C.Thehole.D.Thecup.

【解析】选B。

词义猜测题。

此处指在潮湿的地方挖一个洞,目的是让蒸馏器蒸馏出更多的水。

所以thewatercatcher指thestill。

故选B。

34.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?

A.Digaholeofacertainsize.

B.Putthecupinplace.

C.Weightthesheet’scenterdown.

D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.

【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第三段的Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.可知,自制蒸馏器最后一步是在塑料纸的中间放上一块石头让塑料纸的中心降下来。

故选C。

35.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom　　　.

A.theplastictubeB.outsidethehole

C.theopenairD.beneaththesheet

【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据最后一段的Groundwaterevaporatesandcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.可知,地表水蒸发,在塑料纸下面形成水滴,然后水滴到下面的杯子里。

故选D。

【难句剖析】

Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.

分析:

since引导原因状语从句,从句中allbut是固定短语,表示“几乎”,it是形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。

翻译:

不幸的是,你必须随身携带着这件必要的设备,因为几乎不可能找到天然的替代品。

（2017·全国丙卷·D）

话题:

科学研究　　词数:

326W　　难度:

★★★★

TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.

Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwell-beingamongolderpeople,leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated（隔绝）andinactive.

　　LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.

　　Theseincludecustom-madenavigation（导航）tools,nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:

“Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.”

　　“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto.”

DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains:

“TheDriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeystresspointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.

　　“Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.We’relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.

“Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions（解决方案）toensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel.”

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

老年驾驶人员由于种种原因不想驾驶车辆,而研究人员试图通过开发新技术,让老年人继续享受驾驶车辆带来的乐趣。

32.WhatisthepurposeoftheDriveLAB?

A.Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.B.Todesignnewtypesofcars.

C.Tofindoutolderdrivers’problems.D.Toteachpeopletrafficrules.

【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第一段中的句子...inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare可知,DriveLAB的目的是了解老年驾驶人员所面临的挑战和发现他们不想驾驶车辆的关键所在,故答案为C。

33.WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe?

A.Itkeepsthemindependent.B.Ithelpsthemsavetime.

C.Itbuildsuptheirstrength.D.Itcurestheirmentalillnesses.

【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据第四段中的句子Formanyolderpeople...drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.可知,老年人开车的重要性在于能够保持独立性,获得不依赖别人出行的自由,故答案为A。

34.Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?

A.Improvetheirdrivingskills.B.Developdriver-assisttechnologies.

C.Providetipsonrepairingtheircars.D.Organizeregularphysicalcheckups.

【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第三、四段的内容可知,研究人员正在开发一些车载技术帮助老年人继续驾车,这些技术包括定制的导航技术custom-madenavigationtools,夜视系统nightvisionsystems和智能速度适应器intelligentspeedadaptations。

故答案为B。

35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ANewModelElectricCar