高考试题阅读理解汇编.docx

1、高考试题阅读理解汇编 2017年高考题 一、 科普知识类 (2017全国甲卷C)话题:飞车词数:314W难度:Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehiclenamed the Transitionhas two seats,four wheels and wings that fold

2、 up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition,which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month,can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.On the ground,it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 1

3、00 people have already put down a 10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale,and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways.Its expected to cost 279

4、,000.And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s,according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has alrea

5、dy permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separa

6、te set of standards for light sport aircraft,which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.【文章大意】本文介绍了一款新发明的飞车,并说明

7、了它的现状与未来的发展前景。28.What is the first paragraph mainly about？A.The basic data of the Transition.B.The advantages of flying cars.C.The potential market for flying cars.D.The designers of the Transition.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。第一段告诉我们Terrafugia声称它研制的飞车试飞成功,飞车的名字为the Transition。所以第一段主要介绍了the Transition的情况。故选A。29.Why

8、 is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways？A.It causes traffic jams.B.It is difficult to operate.C.It is very expensive.D.It burns too much fuel.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways.Its expected to cost 279,000.And it wont help if youre stuck in tr

9、affic.The car needs a runway.可知,这款飞车的造价很高,它需要一个跑道,如果它遇到交通堵塞也飞不起来。由此可知C项更符合。30.What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying car？A.Cautious. B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据第三段的The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make

10、 it easier for the vehicle to fly.可知,政府对研制飞车持支持的态度。A.谨慎的;B.支持的;C.模棱两可的;D.反对的。故选B。31.What is the best title for the text？A.Flying Car at Auto ShowB.The Transitions First FlightC.Pilots Dream Coming TrueD.Flying Car Closer to Reality【解析】选D。主旨大意题。飞车试飞成功,已经有大约100人预订了飞车,飞车即将成为现实。故选D。【难句剖析】Terrafugia says

11、 an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.分析:主语是Terrafugia,谓语是says,an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition是宾语从句。a r

12、equirement是对前面宾语从句的补充说明,其后面是定语从句。翻译:Terrafugia声称飞车的主人将需要通过一个测试,并且要完成20小时的飞行才能驾驶the Transition,这个要求是飞行员发现相对容易达到的。(2017全国乙卷D)话题:怎样自制蒸馏器词数:323W难度:A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doct

13、ors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture,its an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a 55sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic t

14、ube,and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the

15、water catchers productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole.Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and we

16、ighting the sheets center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体)with 45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates

17、(蒸发)and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material,and fall off into the cup.When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink.【文章大意】在很难得到水的地方,怎样自制蒸馏器?本文就告诉了读者制作它的方法。32.What

18、do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.Its delicate. B.Its expensive.C.Its complex. D.Its portable.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段的These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt可知,要携带的这个设备可以折叠并固定在腰带上，由此可知选D。D项中portable表示“便携的”。33.What does the underline

19、d phrase“the water catcher”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube. B.The still.C.The hole. D.The cup.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。此处指在潮湿的地方挖一个洞,目的是让蒸馏器蒸馏出更多的水。所以the water catcher指the still。故选B。34.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight t

20、he sheets center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock.可知,自制蒸馏器最后一步是在塑料纸的中间放上一块石头让塑料纸的中心降下来。故选C。35.When a solar still works,drops of water

21、 come into the cup from.A.the plastic tube B.outside the holeC.the open air D.beneath the sheet【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的Ground water evaporates and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material,and fall off into the cup.可知,地表水蒸发,在塑料纸下面形成水滴,然后水滴到下面的杯子里。故选D。【难句剖析】Unfortunately

22、,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes.分析:since引导原因状语从句,从句中all but是固定短语,表示“几乎”,it是形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。翻译:不幸的是,你必须随身携带着这件必要的设备,因为几乎不可能找到天然的替代品。(2017全国丙卷D)话题:科学研究词数:326W难度:The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned

23、 an electric car into a mobile laboratory named“DriveLAB”in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people,leading to them

24、 becoming more isolated(隔绝)and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe,the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航)tools,night vision systems and intelligent spee

25、d adaptations.Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people,particularly those living alone or in the country,driving is important for preserving their independence,giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reacti

26、ons slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo,the leading researcher on the older driver study,explains:“The DriveLAB i

27、s helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.“For example,most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly,we found that in 30mph zones they struggled t

28、o keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.Were looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案)to ensure that older drivers st

29、ay safer behind the wheel.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。老年驾驶人员由于种种原因不想驾驶车辆,而研究人员试图通过开发新技术,让老年人继续享受驾驶车辆带来的乐趣。32.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A.To explore new means of transport. B.To design new types of cars.C.To find out older driversproblems. D.To teach people traffic rules.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子.in order

30、 to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are可知,DriveLAB的目的是了解老年驾驶人员所面临的挑战和发现他们不想驾驶车辆的关键所在,故答案为C。33.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent. B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their st

31、rength. D.It cures their mental illnesses.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的句子For many older people.driving is important for preserving their independence,giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.可知,老年人开车的重要性在于能够保持独立性,获得不依赖别人出行的自由,故答案为A。34.What do researchers hope to do for ol

32、der drivers?A.Improve their driving skills. B.Develop driver-assist technologies.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars. D.Organize regular physical checkups.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三、四段的内容可知,研究人员正在开发一些车载技术帮助老年人继续驾车,这些技术包括定制的导航技术custom-made navigation tools,夜视系统night vision systems和智能速度适应器intelligent speed adaptations。故答案为B。35.What is the best title for the text?A.A New Model Electric Car