高考英语 强效提分指南 阅读理解不同体裁阅读方法说明文.docx

高考英语 强效提分指南 阅读理解不同体裁阅读方法说明文.docx

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高考英语强效提分指南阅读理解不同体裁阅读方法说明文

高考英语

英语阅读理解不同体裁阅读方法说明文

　　说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等等，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等等。

说明事物可采用多种方式：

例如举例、分类法或类比、对比法，给事物下定义或分析事物产生的原因以及后果。

举例说明文使用例子说明事物阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异，分类展开法则强调事物的相似之处；类比说明事物如何相似，对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物发生的原因及结果。

除了用文字说明以外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。

　　无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征、清晰地展现所说明的事物。

　　因此，阅读说明文的关键是：

抓住事物的特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。

　　下面具体看看两篇说明文。

　　（05重庆卷B段）

　　ReadingisveryimportanttohelpyoulearnEnglish.Tolearnasmuchasyoucanfromreading,youneedtoreaddifferentkindsofEnglish.ThisbookprovidesnotonlydifferentkindsofEnglishbutalsoagoodwaytocheckyourreadingability.

　　Therearefourpartsinthebook:

　　Part1isMessages:

Inthispartsomebodywantstosendinformationinwritingtosomebodyelse.

　　Thereisatestontimetablesandatestontextmessages.

　　Part2isPeople:

Inthispartallthetestsareaboutpeople.Forexample,thereisaninformalletterbetweenfriends.Thereisformal（正式的）Englishinbiography（传记）.Thereisajobapplicationasamodeltohelpwithyourwriting,aswellastestingyourreading.

　　Part3isPlaces:

Inthispart,too.ManydifferentkindsofEnglishareshown,someinformalandsomeformal.ThereistheinformalEnglishofaholidaypostcarD．ThereisalsotheformalEnglishinaletterofcomplaint.

　　Part4isThings:

Youwillfindsomedescriptivewritinginthispart.Therearedescriptionsofclothesandofacomputer.

　　Youcandothesetestsinanyorderyoulike,oryoucandoallthetestswithaformalorinformaltext.

　　IenjoyedwritingthisbookandIhopeyouenjoyusingit.

　　解析：

这篇文章使用浅显平实的语言详细介绍了这本书的4个部分的内容。

说明的重点在书的内容，这本书的特征体现在它的内容。

抓住了这一特点，也就读懂了这篇文章，再来做理解题，就容易多了。

看看相关的理解题：

　　59．Wecanfindtheintroductiontoaproductin        .

　　A．Part1B．Part2C．Part3D．Part4

　　60．WhichofthefollowingismostprobablywrittenininformalEnglish?

　　A．Aletterofcomplaint.B．Acomputerhandbook.

　　C．AlettertoafrienD．D．Astoryofapresident.

　　61．Thepassageismostprobablywrittenfor        .

　　A．testdesigners B．students C．test-takers D．teachers

　　62．Whatisthebesttitleofthebook?

　　A．TestYourReading B．HelpwithYourWriting

　　C．LearnDifferentKindsofEnglish D．PractiseEnglishinDifferentWays

　　（参考答案：

DCBA）

　　（05山东卷 E篇）

　　AdevicethatstopsdriversfromfallingasleepatthewheelisabouttoundergotestingatDepartmentofTransportlaboratoriesandcouldgoonsalewithin12months.

　　Thesystem,calledDriverAlert,aimstoreducedeadlyroadaccidentsby20%--40%thatarecausedbytiredness.Airlinepilotscanalsouseittoreducethe30%ofallpilot-erroraccidentsthatarerelatedtofatigue.

　　DriverAlertisbasedonacomputerizedwristband．Thedevice,wornbydriversorpilots,givesoutasoundabouteveryfourminutesduringacarjourney.Aftereachsoundthedrivermustrespondbysqueezingthesteeringwheel（方向盘）.Asensorinthewristbanddetectsthispressingactionandmeasuresthetimebetweenthesoundandthedriversresponse.

　　Tirednessisdirectlyrelatedtoadriversresponsetime.Usually,awatchfuldriverwouldtakeabout400millisecondstorespond,butoncethatfallstomorethan500milliseconds,itsuggeststhatthedriverisgettingsleepy.

　　Insuchcasesthedevicegivesoutmoreregularandloudersounds,showingthatthedrivershouldopenawindoworstopforarest.Ifthedriversresponsecontinuestoslowdown,thesoundsbecomemorefrequentuntilanonstopalarmwarnsthatthedrivermuststopassoonaspossible.

　　Thedevicehasbeendeliveredtothedepartmentslaboratoriesfortesting.Ifthesetests,scheduledforsixmonthstime,aresuccessful,themarketswillbringtheproducttomarketwithinaboutayear.

　　解析：

这篇文章说明DriverAlert这一驾驶员警报装置。

抓住了它的工作原理、功能作用就抓住了它的本质特点。

3.4.5自然段是理解的重点：

开车时驾驶员腕带上的警报会每隔4分钟发出声音，驾驶员听到声音按压方向盘作出反应。

传感器会探测到从听到声音到作出反应之间的时间差，如果这个时间差大于500毫秒，说明驾驶员疲劳打瞌睡。

了解了这个装置的特点，就读懂了这篇文章。

看看理解题：

　　72．Accordingtothetext,DriverAlert_____.

　　A．aimstoreducetiredness-relatedaccidents

　　B．hasgonethroughtestingatlaboratories

　　C．aimstopreventdriversfromsleeping

　　D．hasbeenonsalefor12months

　　73．HowshouldadriverrespondtothesoundsfromDriverAlert?

　　A．Bysoundingawarning. B．Bytouchingthewristband．

　　C．Bycheckingthedrivingtime.D．Bypressingthesteeringwheel.

　　74．Wecanlearnfromthetextthatthedriverneedstostopforabreakwhenhisresponsetime

　　is_____.

　　A．about400milliseconds  B．below500milliseconds

　　C．over500milliseconds D．about4minutes

　　75．Whenthedrivergetssleepywhiledriving,DriverAlert_____.

　　A．movesmoreregularlyB．stopsworkingproperly

　　C．opensthewindowforthedriver  D．soundsmorefrequentlyandloudly

　　（参考答案：

ADCD）

　　【实战演练练习十九】（05辽宁卷D篇）

　　Whileincomeworryisarathercommonproblemoftheaged,lonelinessisanotherproblemthatagedparentsmayface.Ofallthereasonsthatexplaintheirloneliness,alargegeographicaldistancebetweenparentsandtheirchildrenisthemajorone.Thisphenomenon（现象）iscommonlyknownasEmptyNestSyndrome（空巢综合症）.

　　Inordertoseekbetterchancesoutsidetheircountries,manyyoungpeoplehavegoneabroad,leavingtheirparentsbehindwithnoclearideaofwhentheywillreturnhome.Theirparentsspendcountlesslonelydaysandnights,takingcareofthemselves,inthehopethatsomedaytheirchildrenwillcomebacktostaywiththem.ThefactthatmostoftheseyoungpeoplehavegonetoEuropeanizedorAmericanizedsocietiesmakesitunlikelythattheywillholdastightlytothevalueofdutyastheywouldhaveiftheyhadnotlefttheircountries.Whateverthecase,ithasbeennotedthatthevaluestheyholddonotnecessarilymatchwhattheyactuallydo.Thisgeographicalandculturaldistancealsopreventsthegrown-upchildrenfromprovidingresponse（回应）intimefortheiragedparentslivingbythemselves.

　　Thesituationinwhichgrown-upchildrenlivefarawayfromtheiragedparentshasbeendescribedasdistantparentphenomenon,whichiscommonbothindevelopedcountriesandindevelopingcountries.OursocietyhasnotyetbeenwellpreparedforEmptyNestSyndrome.

　　68．Accordingtothepassage,thelonelinessofagedparentsismainlycausedby_________.

　　A．theirearlierexperienceoffeelinglonely

　　B．theunfavorablelivingconditionsintheirnativecountries

　　C．thecommonworryabouttheirincome

　　D．thegeographicaldistancebetweenparentsandchildren

　　69．Manyyoungpeoplehavegoneabroad,leavingtheiragedparentsbehind,to_________.

　　A．liveinthecountrieswithmoremoney

　　B．seekabetterplacefortheiragedparents

　　C．continuetheirstudiesabroad

　　D．realizetheirdreamsinforeigncountries

　　70．Ifyoungpeoplegoabroad,_________.

　　A．theydonotholdtothevalueofdutyatall

　　B．theycangivesomehelptotheirparentsbackhome

　　C．theycannotdowhattheyshouldfortheirparents

　　D．theybelievewhattheyactuallydoisright

　　71．Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthat________.

　　A．thesituationsinthedevelopedanddevelopingcountriesaredifferent

　　B．EmptyNestSyndromehasarrivedunexpectedlyinoursociety

　　C．childrenwillbecomeindependentassoonastheygoabroad

　　D．theagedparentsarenotfullypreparedforEmptyNestSyndrome

　　【实战演练练习二十】（05辽宁卷E篇）

　　Therearetwokindsofphysicalactivitywhichrequirespecialtraining.Thefirstdemandsexactcarefulmovementsofthemuscles（肌肉）.Thiskindofactivitymustbestrictlycontrolledbecauseevenaslightmovementinthewrongdirectionwillleadamistake.Totypequickly,forexample,apersonneedstraining;theslightestmovementofafingerinthewrongdirectionmaycauseaspellingmistake.Adancerwhohastodanceonthepointofhershoesorturnaroundononefootmustbetrainedforalongperiodoftimebeforeshecansenseherowncenterandbalanceherself.Youmayhaveseenagirlwalkingonaropeacrossanemptyspace,which,too,requiresalotofpractice.

　　Thesecondkindofphysicalactivityneedsgreaterstrengthorextraeffort.Mostofusgettiredifwetrytorunhalfamilewithoutstopping,butaspecially-trainedpersoncandothiswithoutmucheffort.Threeyearsago,somescientistscarriedoutexperiments,whichproducedmeaningfulandunexpectedresults.Theywantedtofindoutwhetheracertainamountofphysicalexercisewouldinjurethosesufferingfromheartproblems.Theyselectedsomemalepatientsandtrainedthemincontinuousbicycleriding.Theyweresurprisedtofindthattheharmfuleffectofgivenamountofphysicaleffortwasactuallylessontheheartsofthesetrainedpatientsthanonthoseofthepatientswhowerenotsimilarlytrained．Thisisimportantbecauseitshowsthatregularphysicalexerciseenablesustomakebetteruseoftheoxygen（氧气）webreatheinandthatthistraining,infact,reducestheamountofworkourheartsdo.Manytaskswhicharehardforuntrainedpeoplearenothardatallfortrainedpeople.

　　72．Thefirstkindofphysicalactivitymustbestrictlycontrolledbecause_________.

　　A．amistakeinthewrongdirectionisdangeroustothefingers

　　B．awrongmovementinadirectionwillcausenomistakes

　　C．amovementinthewrongdirectionwillcauseamistake

　　D．aslightmovementofafingerwillleadtoamistake

　　73．Whatmustadancerdobeforeshecanbalanceherself?

　　A．Shemustdanceonthepointofhershoes.

　　B．Shemustreceivelong-timetraining.

　　C．Shemustturnaroundononefoot.

　　D．Shemustperformagainandagain.

　　74．Theexperimentsdonebysomescientistsshowedthat________.

　　A．somemalepatientswereaskedtoridebicyclesregularlyintheexperiments

　　B．thephysicalexercisehadmoreharmfuleffectontheheartsoftheuntrainedpati