河北省石家庄裕华区高考英语 阅读类一轮练习1.docx
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河北省石家庄裕华区高考英语阅读类一轮练习1
石家庄裕华区2020高考英语阅读类一轮练习
(1)
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Napoleon,asacharacterinTolstoy’sWarandPeace,ismorethanoncedescribedashaving“fatlittlehands.”Nordoeshe“sitwellorfirmlyonthehorse.”Heissaidtobe“undersized,“with“shortlegs”anda“roundstomach”.TheissuehereisnottheaccuracyofTolstoy’sdescription—itseemsnotthatfarofffromhistoricalaccounts—buthischoiceoffacts:
otherthingsthatcouldbesaidofthemanarenotsaid.WearemeanttounderstandthedifferenceofawarringcommanderinthebodyofafatlittleFrenchman.Tolstoy’sNapoleoncouldbeanymanwanderinginthestreetsandputtingalittleofpowderedtobaccouphisnose—andthatisthepoint.
Itisawaythenovelistusestoshowthemoralnatureofacharacter.Anditturnsoutthat,asTolstoyhasit,Napoleonisacrazyman.InasceneinBookThreeofWarandPeace,thewarshavingreachedthecriticalyearof1812,NapoleonreceivesarepresentativefromtheTsar(沙皇),whohascomewithpeaceterms.Napoleonisveryangry:
doesn’thehavemorearmy?
He,nottheTsar,istheonetomaketheterms.HewilldestroyallofEuropeifhisarmyisstopped.“Thatiswhatyouwillhavegainedbyengagingmeinthewar!
“heshouts.Andthen,Tolstoywrites,Napoleon“walkedsilentlyseveraltimesupanddowntheroom,hisfatshouldersmovingquickly.”
Stilllater,afterreviewinghisarmyamidcheeringcrowds,NapoleoninvitestheshakenRussiantodinner.“HeraisedhishandtotheRussian’s...face,“Tolstoywrites,and“takinghimbytheearpulleditgently...”Tohaveone’searpulledbytheEmperorwasconsideredthegreatesthonorandmarkoffavorattheFrenchcourt.“Well,well,whydon’tyousayanything?
”saidhe,asifitwasridiculousinhispresencetorespectanyonebuthimself,Napoleon.
Tolstoydidhisresearch,butthecompositionishisown.
1.Tolstoy’sdescriptionofNapoleoninWarandPeaceis .
A.farfromthehistoricalfactsB.basedontheRussianhistory
C.basedonhisselectionoffactsD.notrelatedtohistoricaldetails
2.NapoleonwasangrywhenreceivingtheRussianrepresentativebecause .
A.hethoughtheshouldbetheonetomakethepeaceterms
B.theTsar’speacetermswerehardtoaccept
C.theRussiansstoppedhismilitarymovement
D.hedidn’thaveanymorearmytofightwith
3.WhatdidNapoleonexpecttheRussianrepresentativetodo?
A.Towalkoutoftheroominanger.B.Toshowagreementwithhim.
C.TosaysomethingabouttheTsar.D.Toexpresshisadmiration.
4.TolstoyintendedtopresentNapoleonasamanwhois .
A.ill-manneredindealingwithforeignguests
B.fondofshowingoffhisironwill
C.determinedindestroyingallofEurope
D.crazyforpowerandrespect
5.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply?
A.Awriterdoesn’thavetobefaithfultohisfindings.
B.Awritermaywriteaboutaheroinhisownway.
C.Awritermaynotberesponsibleforwhathewrites.
D.Awriterhashardlyanyfreedomtoshowhisfeelings.
【参考答案】1--5、CADDA
阅读理解。
选材相似度:
★★★★设题相似度:
★★★难度系数:
★★★★
Whatpicturedoyouhaveofthefuture?
Willlifeinthefuturebebetter,worseorthesameasnow?
Whatdoyouhopeaboutthefuture?
Futurologistspredictthatlifewillprobablybeverydifferentin2050inallthefieldsofactivity,fromentertainmenttotechnology.Firstofall,itseemsthatTVchannelswillhavedisappearedby2050.Instead,peoplewillchooseaprogramfroma“menu”andacomputerwillsendtheprogramdirectlytothetelevision.By2050,music,films,programs,newspapersandbookswillcometousbycomputer.
Inwhatconcernstheenvironment,waterwillhavebecomeoneofourmostseriousproblems.Demandforwaterwillincreasetentimesbetweennowand2050andtherecouldbeseriousshortages.Somefuturologistspredictthatwatercouldbethecauseofwarifwedon'tactnow.Intransport,carswillrunonnew,cleanfuelsandtheywillgoveryfast.Carswillhavecomputerstocontrolthespeedofthecarandtherewon'tbeanyaccidents.Today,manycarshavecomputersthattelldriversexactlywheretheyare.By2050,thecomputerwillcontrolthecaranddriveittoyourdestination.
Inthedomainoftechnology,robotswillhavereplacedpeopleinfactories.Manyfactoriesalreadyuserobots.Bigcompaniespreferrobots—theydonotaskforpayrisesorgoonstrike,andtheywork24hoursaday.By2050,wewillseerobotseverywhere—infactories,schools,offices,hospitals,shopsandhomes.
Lastbutnotleast,medicinetechnologywillhaveconqueredmanydiseases.Todayscientistshavediscoveredhowtocontrolgenes.Theyhavealreadyproducedclonesofanimals.By2050,scientistswillbeabletoproduceclonesofpeopleanddecidehowtheylook,howtheybehaveandhowmuchintelligencetheyhave.Scientistswillbeabletodothesethings—butshouldthey?
Note:
domainn.领域
【语篇解读】本篇文章从五个方面对2050年未来的生活进行了展望,同时也存在着些许担心,如克隆技术等。
1.What'sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?
A.Toarousetheinterestofthereaders.
B.Totellthebackgroundofthepassage.
C.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.
D.Todescribethepicturesofthefuture.
答案 A [推理判断题。
开篇接连几个问句的出现,目的在于吸引读者的兴趣,让读者充满期待地读完文章。
]
2.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.
A.computerwillfinallytaketheplaceofthemedianowadays
B.robotswillcompletelyhavereplacedpeopleinfactories
C.computerswilltelldriversexactlywheretheyareinfuture
D.itismoreconvenienttochooseprogramssentbythecomputer
答案 D [细节理解题。
根据文章第一段“By2050,music,films,programs,newspapersandbookswillcometousbycomputer.”可知这些新闻媒介将会通过电脑进入我们的生活,但并不是说电脑最终代替媒体,所以A错误;根据倒数第二段可知机器人将代替人类的一些活动,但并不能说机器人就完全替代人类,所以选项B错误;根据第三段可知选项C是人类现在的技术;根据第二段可知D正确。
]
3.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthelifeby2050?
A.Excitedbutpessimistic.B.Optimisticbutworried.
C.Eagerbutafraid.D.Confidentbutcautious.
答案 B [推理判断题。
根据全文的描述可知作者对未来的生活进行了乐观的预测,同时对于未来的克隆技术心存担扰。
]
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.
A.alldiseaseswillnotconqueredbyscientists
B.scientistshaveknownthewaytoproducegenes
C.theclonesofhumanareunderstandingbyscientists
D.theclonesofanimalshavealongwaytogo
答案 A [推理判断题。
根据最后一段“Lastbutnotleast,medicinetechnologywillhaveconqueredmanydiseases.”可知现在医学技术可以攻克一些疾病,与选项A(并不是所有疾病都能被人类攻克)相吻合。
]
完形填空
I’msittinginaquietroomattheMillcroftHotel,apeacefulplacehiddenbackamongpinetreesaboutanhouroutofToronto.It’sjustpastnoon,lateJuly,andI’m__1__thedesperatesoundsofalifeordeath__2__goingonafewfeetaway.
There’sasmall__3__burningoutthelastofitsshortlife’senergiesina(an)__4__toflythroughtheglassofthewindow.__5__,it’snotworking.Thegreateffortoffersnohopeforsurvival.Ironically(讽刺地),thestruggleispartofthetrap.Itis__6__fortheflytotryhardenoughtosucceedin__7__throughtheglass.Thisflyisdoomed(注定失败).Itwill__8__thereonthewindowsill.
Acrosstheroom,tensteps__9__,thedoorisopen.Tensecondsofflyingtimeandthissmallcreaturecouldreachtheoutsideworldit__10__.Withonlyasmalleffortnowbeing__11__,itcouldbefreeofthisselfset__12__.Thebreakthroughpossibilityisthere.Itwouldbeso__13__.
Whydoesn’ttheflytryanotherapproach,__14__dramaticallydifferent?
Howdiditgetsolockedinontheidea__15__thisparticularrouteanddeterminedeffortofferthemostpromiseforsuccess?
Nodoubtthiswaymakes__16__tothefly.Regrettably,it’sanideathatwillkillit.
Tryingharderisn’tnecessarilythesolution__17__achievingmore.Itmaynotofferanyreal__18__forgettingwhatyouwantoutoflife.Sometimes,infact,it’sabigpartoftheproblem.
Ifyou__19__yourhopesforabreakthroughontryingharderthanever,youmay__20__yourchancesforsuccess.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
文章讲述了“我”在旅馆里看到一只苍蝇不停地试图穿过玻璃飞出去,这无疑是在自杀。
它完全可以从旁边开着的门飞走。
“我”从这件事得到启发:
人们在遇到困难的时候,不应冒昧地尝试,应该有所突破,才有机会获得成功。
1.A.seeing B.cryingout
C.watching D.listeningto
解析 句意为:
我听到了绝望的声音。
listento“听到”。
A、B、C三项均没有“听到”的意思。
答案 D
2.A.struggle B.cry
C.yell D.test
解析 struggle意为“挣扎,斗争”;cry意为“哭,喊叫”;yell意为“叫喊”;test意为“测试”。
由第二段第四句中“thestruggleispartoftrap”的提示可知,此处应选用struggle。
答案 A
3.A.bird B.fly
C.insect D.worm
解析 bird意为“鸟”;fly意为“苍蝇”;insect意为“昆虫”;worm意为“爬虫”。
由第二段第五句中的“theflytotryhardenoughtosucceedin...”可知,B项正确。
答案 B
4.A.experience B.direction
C.force D.attempt
解析 experience意为“经验,经历”;direction意为“方向”;force意为“武力”;attempt意为“尝试”。
根据上下文语境可知,苍蝇正在尝试穿过玻璃飞出去。
答案 D
5.A.Thus B.So
C.Although D.However
解析 thus意为“因而”;so意为“所以”;although意为“虽然”;however意为“然而”。
句意为:
虽然苍蝇不断地尝试穿过玻璃窗,然而并不奏效。
前后两句是转折关系。
答案 D
6.A.unusual B.likely
C.impossible D.common
解析 unusual“不同寻常的”;likely“可能的”;impossible“不可能的”;common“寻常的”。
由常识可知,苍蝇是不可能成功穿过玻璃飞出去的。
答案 C
7.A.digging B.breaking
C.pushing D.jumping
解析 dig“挖掘”;break“打破”;push“推”;jump“跳”。
短语breakthrough意为“突破,冲破”,符合语境。
答案 B
8.A.kill B.die
C.lie D.stick
解析 kill“杀死”;die“死”;lie“撒谎,躺”;stick“粘贴”。
由常识判断,如果苍蝇不断地撞击玻璃,就会死在那里。
答案 B
9.A.away B.far
C.near D.distant
解析 away“距离……远”;far“远的”;near“近的”;distant“远的”。
away用在名词后,表示距离某地有多远,符合语境。
答案 A
10.A.dreams B.thinksof
C.misses D.longsfor
解析 dream“梦想”;thinkof“考虑”;miss“怀念,错过”;longfor“渴望”。
句意为:
只需十秒钟的飞行,这只苍蝇就能飞到外面它所渴望的世界。
答案 D
11.A.done B.owned
C.wasted D.planned
解析 do“做,完成”;own“拥有”;waste“浪费”;plan“计划”。
根据语境可知,它之前的努力都白费了,故C项符合语境。
答案 C
12.A.aim B.trap
C.net D.goal
解析 aim“目的,目标”;trap“陷阱”;net“网”;goal“目的”。
由第二段第四句中的“thestruggleispartofthetrap”可知,trap符合语境,即自我设置的陷阱。
答案 B
13.A.easy B.necessary
C.hard D.obvious
解析 easy“轻松的,容易的”;necessary“必要的”;hard“艰难的”;obvious“明显的”。
句意为:
突破的可能性就在那里,是那么简单。
答案 A
14.A.attempt B.anything
C.struggle D.something
解析 something“某事,某物”,常用于肯定句;anything“任何事物”,常用于否定句和疑问句。
在表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用something。
答案 D
15.A.that B.what
C.which D.where
解析 that可引导定语从句,也可引导名词性从句