普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题全国卷1参考版解析.docx
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普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题全国卷1参考版解析
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语
本试卷共12页。
全卷满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答题前，请将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
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2.选择题的作答：
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4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I卷
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
试题略
解析略
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题：
每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?
JaneAddams（1860-1935）
AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity（社区）bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.
RachelCarson（1907-1964）
Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.
SandraDayO’Connor（1930-present）
WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator（参议员）and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.
RosaParks（1913-2020）
OnDecember1.1995,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.
21.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?
A.Hersocialwork.
B.Herteachingskills.
C.Hereffortstowinaprize.
D.Hercommunitybackground.
22.WhatwasthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?
A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.
B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.
C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.
D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.
23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?
A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.
C.SandraDayO’ConnorD.RosaParks.
24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?
A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.
C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.
21.【解析】A
信息概括题。
根据第二段“…asocialworker”可明显得出答案，故A正确。
22.【解析】C
细节题。
根据第四段“Shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.”可知，原因在于对女性的歧视，故C正确。
23.【解析】D
细节题。
根据第五段“…kickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement”可知，RosaPark推动了民权运动，故D正确。
24.【解析】C
推理判断题。
根据第二段最后一句“AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize”；第三段第一句“Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentmovementmightnotexisttoday”；第四段第二句“…thefirstwomantojointheU.SSupremeCourt”；最后一段第三句“…kickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement”，可知，四位女性都是历史上的先锋，故C正确。
B
GrandparentsAnsweraCall
Asathird-generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandhersonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.
NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertotheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudy,,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.
“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenough,fastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”saysChristianeCrosby,publisherofGrazamagazineforgrandparents.“Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.”
Movingisnotforeveryone.Althougheverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstrugglingbutgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.
25.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?
A.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.
B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.
C.Itenabledhertomakemorefriends.
D.Ithelpedherknowmoreplaces.
26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?
A.17%expressedtheirsupportforit.
B.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.
C.32%believedithadabadinfluence.
D.Themajoritysuggesteditwasatrend.
27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?
A.Theywereunsureofthemselves.
B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.
C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.
D.Theyhadlittleexperiencesfortheirgrandparents.
28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph?
A.Makethedecisionsinthebestinterestoftheirown.
B.Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.
C.Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren.
D.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter.
25．【解析】A
细节题。
定位首段末句由“Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities”可知答案。
26．【解析】D
细节题。
定位第二段，由“83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.”可知，约83%的人认为Mrs.Robinson的决定会影响美国的很多祖父母，说明不是17%而是83%的人支持，排除A；B选项文中未提及；83%的人支持，说明认为有很坏影响的人占的比例不可能超过17%；D选项符合文意。
27．【解析】C
推断题。
由第三段首句“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenough,fastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown”可推断20世纪60年代的时候，人们想要离开家去证明自己的能力但现实并不允许，心里其实是想离开家的，C选项正确。
28．【解析】A
推断题。
由最后一段“butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstrugglingbutgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder”可知有时候对祖父母来说，和孩子孙子们住在一起并非就是好的选择，反而不住在一起而是频繁去探访子孙会更好，因为这样就不需要改变祖父母自己熟知的生活方式，由此可推测出作者的建议祖父母是否搬去和子孙一起住最好从祖父母的需求出发，选择A。
C
IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2020,I’vedone89trips–ofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐献者）tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:
“well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:
“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed（改道）methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.
Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.
29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?
A.providerB.deliveryman
C.collectorD.medicaldoctor
30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?
A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.
B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.
C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.
D.Theicewon’tlastanylonger.
31.WhichfightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?
A.ToLondon.B.ToNewark.
C.ToProvidence.D.ToWashington.
29．【解析】B
词义猜测题。
根据第一段第二行carrystemcells可知，作者是运送细胞的人，所以选择B选项，deliveryman。
30．【解析】D
细节题。
从第一段第三行“becauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.”可以知道选择D选项，“theicewon’tlastanylonger.”
31．【解析】B
细节题。
由原文第三段倒数第二行“re-routedmethroughNewark”可知，答案选B。
D
Themeaningofsilencecarriesamongculturegroups.Silencemaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,or,worry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap（间隙）withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.
ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied（暗示）isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.
Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,
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