08高考复习题阅读理解篇.docx

08高考复习题阅读理解篇.docx

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08高考复习题阅读理解篇

2008年高考阅读理解应考技巧之一

策略一、紧扣主旨大意

高考英语阅读理解的主旨大意题主要是考查考生在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度的概括或总结的能力。

常见的设问方式有：

●标题类：

What'sthebesttitle/headlineforthepassage？

●大意类：

Thetextismainlyabout__.Thetopic/subjectdiscussedinthepassageis_.Fromthepassage，wecanconcludethat_.

●作者意图类：

What'sthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage？

针对主旨大意类型的题，考生可以掌握以下解题策略：

把握文章逻辑结构，快速找出主题；寻找主题句，确定文章中心思想；将首段中心句和各段第一句话连接成一个整体，得出文章主题；逆向思维法解标题类问题。

一、把握文章逻辑结构，快速找出主题

高考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构：

1、时间顺序。

按时间先后顺序说明某一事件、某一理论的发展过程，

属于这种结构的文章主题通常在首段或末段。

2、“总说-分述”结构。

首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点，属于这种结构的文章主题在首段。

最典型的是新闻报道类文章，此类体裁的文章在近年高考阅读中逐渐增多。

一般这类文章都有固定格式：

城市名称（新闻社）———新闻内容。

掌握一些国际知名新闻社的英文名称是必要的，路透社Reuters，美联社AssociatedPress，法新社AgenceFrancePresse。

3、“分述-总说”结构。

前面几段分别说明，末段总结。

属于这种结构的文章主题在末段。

二、寻找主题句，确定文章中心思想

不是所有的文章都有主题句，对于大部分有主题句的文章来说，主题句表达了文章的中心思想，找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。

主题句呈现的形式有：

1、在文首。

文章开门见山，提出主题，随后摆事实、讲道理来解释、支撑和发展主题句所表达的主题思想。

2、在文中。

通常前面只提出问题，随之陈述细节引出主题，而后做进一步的解释、支撑或发展。

3、在文尾。

在表述细节后，归纳要点，得出结论，以概括主题。

三、将首段中心句和各段第一句话连接成一个整体，得出文章主题

通常有些文章会在首段提出一个重要论点，随后在各段分别进一步从不同角度继续阐述，这样我们可以找出首段的中心句，再将其和各段第一句串联在一起，就可以得出文章的中心思想。

如：

（2006北京卷D篇71题）

Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage？

A.SocietalConditionsinPremodernTimesB.PracticesofReducingMaternalAttachment

C.PoorHealthServiceandHighInfantDeathRate

D.DifferencesbetweenModernandPremodernParents

第一段：

Perhapstopreventthesadnessthatinfantdeathcaused，anumberofsocietalpracticesdevelopedwhichworkedagainstearlyattachmentofmotherandchild.

第二段：

Oneofthesepremodernattachment-discouragingpracticeswastoleaveinfantsunnameduntiltheyhadsurvivedintothesecondyear.…

第三段：

Athirdpracticewhichhadthesamedistancingeffectwaswet-nursing.…

从第一段的中心句和各段的第一句不难看出，这篇文章的标题应该是

PracticesofReducingMaternalAttachment.

四、逆向思维法解标题类问题

针对这类题型，考生不妨思考一下，“如果我是作者，遇到这样的标题，文章应该怎样写？

”如：

（2005全国I卷B篇62题）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？

A.ACross-countryTripB.ASpecialBorderPass

C.AnUnguardedBorderD.AnExpensiveChurchVisit

如果标题是ACross-countryTrip，那么文章应该讲述一次出境旅行；如果标题是ASpecialBorderPass，那么文章应该着重讲一个特殊的边境通行证；如果标题是AnUnguardedBorder，那么文章应该侧重讲边境如何不设防；如果标题是AnExpensiveChurchVisit，那么文章应该讲一次礼拜如何花费昂贵了。

经过这样的逆向思维，我们不难发现文章的内容恰好与标题AnExpensiveChurchVisit一致，因此应该选D。

08高考复习题阅读理解篇

（1）

Inthepast10years,America’sNationalBasketballAssociation（NBA）hasgrownincreasinglydependentontherestoftheworldtosupplyplayers.

   WhenMichaelJordanandLarryBirdwongoldinBarcelonain1992,theAmericanswerepraisedforteachingtheworldhowtoplaybasketball.Thisseason,however,20percentofNBArosters（花名册）willbefilledbynon-Americans.NBAcommissionerDavidSternhappilyembracesthetrend.OnavisittoParisinOctober,Sternoutlinedhisvisionforthefuture,whichislikelytoseeEuropehostingNBAgamesby2010.

   TheNBAisnowplanningtotakeChinabystorm.

   “OurexperienceinChinahasbeenthatitisgoingtobeexplosiveinitsgrowth,”saidStern.ThestrategyinChinaisTV.“We’vemade14dealsinChinawithlocalandnationalnetworksoncableandsatellite.”ThesuccessChinesecentreYaoMinghaspavedthewayfortheNBAmarketingblitzinChina.TheNBA,whichisbroadcastedinmorethan200countriesin42languages,willputthattothetestinOctober2004whentheHoustonRocketsplaytwopre-seasongamesagainsttheSacramentoKingsinBeijingmarkettocompensatefortoughtimesonhomesoil.

 “Itdoesn’tmatterwheretheplayerscomefrom,alltheNBAteamsnowknowthattheyhavetoscout（寻找）internationally,”saidTerryLyons,theNBA’svice-presidentofinternationalpublicrelations.“Ithasincreasedthelevelofcompetitionhere.”AsFrenchmanTonyParkerandArgentineEmanuelGinobilishowedinwinningchampionshipringswiththeSanAntonioSpurslastseason,manypeoplecanearntherespectoftheirAmericapeers.Others,suchasHoustonRockets’ChinesecentreYaoMing—No.1draftpickin2002—andtheDetroitPistons’18-year-oldSerbDarkoMilicic—numbertwooverallinthisyear’sdraft—areicons（偶像）inwaiting.Itistheultimate（根本的）revolution—therestoftheworldteachingtheUShowtoplaybasketball.

1.Accordingtothereport,     .

   A.MichaelJordanisstillplayingaveryimportantroleinNBA

   B.thepartplayedbytheforeignplayersinNBAwillbegreat

   C.YaoMingistoplaytwoPre-seasongamesinNBA

   D.Europeancountrieswillhostthe2004NBAgames

2.Theunderlinedphrase“takeChinabystorm”hasthemeaningof      .

   A.NBAintendstomakeChinaits“marketingcenter”

   B.NBAisplanningtosetupsometrainingcentersinChina.

   C.there’llbeabigstormwhenNBAcomestoaChinatoplayagainstthe     SacramentoKings

    D.theNBA’slivebasketballgameswillbebroadcastedonalltheTVsinChina.

3.WhatseemstobethebiggestchangethatishappeningtoNBA?

   A.NBAisexpectingmoreforeignplayerstojointheNBAleague.

   B.China’srapiddevelopmentinsportsaffectsNBA.

   C.YaoMinghastakentheplaceofJordan.

   D.TheNBAwillstopteachingtheworldhowtoplaybasketball.

4.Whenthewritertalkedof“homesoil”,hewasreferringto    .

   A.farmsintheStates             B.nativeAmericans

   C.theNBAtrainingcenter     D.theUSA

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthebesttitleforthepassage?

   A.Thenon-Americanbasketballplayers

   B.NBAistocomingtoChina

   C.TheforeigntiesthatbindtheNBA

   D.NBAismakingbigprogress

（2）TheUnitedStatesisoneofthefewcountriesintheworldthathasanofficialdayonwhichfathersarehonoredbytheirchildren.OnthethirdSundayinJune,fathersallacrossorotherwisemadetofeelspecial.

   However,theideaforcreatingadayforchildrentohonortheirfathersbeganinSpokane,Washington.AwomanbythenameofSonoraSmartDoddthoughtoftheideaforFather’sDaywhilelisteningtoaMother’sDaysermonin1909.Havingbeenraisedbyherfather,HenryJacksonSmart,afterhermotherdied,Sonorawantedherfathertoknowhowspecialhewastoher.Itwasherfatherthatmadealltheparentalsacrificesandwas,intheeyesofhisdaughter,aselflessandlovingman.Sonora’sfatherwasborninJune,soshechosetoholdthefirstFather’sDaycelebrationinSpokane,Washingtononthe19thofJune,1910.

   In1924PresidentCalvinCoolidgedeclaredthethirdSundayinJuneasFather’sDay.RosesaretheFather’sDayflowers,redtobewornforalivingfatherandwhiteifthefatherhasdied.

   Whenchildrencan’tvisittheirfathersortakethemouttodinner,theysendagreetingcard.Traditionally,fathersprefergreetingcardsthatarenottoosentimental.Mostgreetingcardsaretoospecialsofatherslaughwhentheyopenthem.SomegiveheartfeltthanksforbeingtherewheneverthechildneededDad.

1.TheUnitedStatesisspecialinFather’sDaybecause     .

   A.manypeoplecelebratetheday

   B.onlyAmericacelebratestheday

   C.Americamakesitanofficialday

   D.allmenarehonoredinAmerica

2.Atfirst,Father’sDaywasfixedonJune19thbecause    .

   A.Sonorahonoredherfather’sbirthday

   B.Sonora’sbirthdaywasJune19

   C.Itwasdecidedbythepresidentatthattime

   D.hermotherdiedonJune19

3.HowmanyyearshaspassedbeforeFather’sDaybecameanofficialdaysincethefather’sdaywascelebrated?

   A.4           B.10              C.14               D.24

4.Accordingtothepassage,onFather’sDay,      .

   A.peoplewillwearthesameflowerstohonortheirfathers

   B.onlydaughterswearredflowerstohonorstheirfathers

   C.Childrenmustgohometohonortheirfathers

   D.fathersareoftenhonoredindifferentways

5.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthathenryJackonSmart     .

   A.wasverykindtoanyone

   B.didalotforhisdaughter

   C.wasthefirstfatherhonoredin1924

   D.alwayshelpothersbygivingmoney

（3）2005 北京卷B篇

   Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（别扭的）handpositions.Theywillallowtheworkertokeeptheelbows（肘）nexttothebodytopreventdamagetotheshoulderandarm.

   Overuseinjuriescanthereforebepreventedorreducediftheemployerprovides,andworkersuse:

●powertoolsratherthanhavingtousemuscle（肌肉）power

●toolswithspeciallydesignedhandlesthatallowthewrist（手腕）tokeepstraight（Seefigure1）.Thismeansthathandsandwristsarekeptinthesamepositionastheywouldbeiftheywerehangingrelaxedataperson’sside

   Figure1.Bendthetool,notthewrist

●toolswithhandlesthatcanbeheldcomfortablybythewholehand.Thismeanshavingaselectionofsizes—rememberthattoolsthatprovideacomfortablefirmHoldforapersonwithaverylargehandmaybeawkwardforsomeonewithaverysmallhand.Thisisaparticularlyimportantconsiderationforwomenwhomayusetoolsoriginallydesignedformen.

●toolsthatdonotpressfingers（orflesh）betweenthehandles,andwhosehandlesdonothavesharpedgesorasmallsurfacearea.

60.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

   A.GoodtoolDesignforWomenB.ImportanceofGoodToolDesign

   C.ToolDesignandPreventionofInjuries

   D.OveruseofToolsandWorkerProtection

61.Whichofthefollowingdescribesawell-designedtool?

   A.It’skeptclosetothebody. B.Itfullyusesmusclepower.

   C.Itmakesusersfeelrelaxed.D.It’soperatedwithlessforce.

62.WhatisFigure1usedtoshow?

   A.Theeffectiveuseofthetool.B.Thewayofoperatingthetool.

   C.Theproperdesignofthehandle.D.Thepurposeofbendingthewrist.