英语常用前缀后缀及词根汇总.docx
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英语常用前缀后缀及词根汇总
英语常用前缀、后缀及词根汇总
一、前缀
(一)表示否定的前缀
1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
disadvantage(缺点),dishonorable(不光彩的),disagree(不同意)2.in-加在形容词,名词之前incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)
3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前impossible(不可能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)
4.4.il-加在以l开头的词前illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的),illogical(不合逻辑的)5.ir-加在以r开头的词前
irregular(不规则的、不整齐的),irresistible(难以抗拒的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的),irresponsible,irrevocable
6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前
unfinished(未完成的),undoubted(毫无无疑的),unemployment(失业)7.non-加在形容词,名词前
non-existence(不存在),non-essentia(l
非主要的),non-electrica(l
非电的),non-smoker
(非吸烟者),nonsense,nonaccess,non-profitorganization8.mis-加在动词、名词之前
misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导性的),misfortune(不幸),misbehave,misspell,mistaken,misprint
9.dis-加在动词之前
disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系,断开连接)10.de-加在名词,形容词之前
demobilize(遣散;使…复员),decolor(脱色,漂白),decompose(分解,腐烂)
11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前
anti-JapaneseWar(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidote(解毒药),antibody,antigen,antibiotics,antidepressant
12.counter-加在名词、动词前
counter-attack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命),counter-clockwise(逆时针方向),counter-culture,countermeasure
(二)表示“before”的前缀
1.pre-
preconception(成见),pre-existing(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的),
preface(前言,序言),prescribe(开药),predict(预言),prevent2.Ante-
anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者),anticipate(预期)
3.Fore-
forehead(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见),foretell
(预言),forearm,forefather,forecast4.Pro-
programme(计划),prologue(序幕),probe,proceed,process5.Ex-
ex-president(前任总统),ex-wife(前妻),ex-con(前罪犯)
(三)表示“后”的前缀
1.post-
post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午),post-mortem(验尸的,死后的),postpone(推迟,延后),postgraduate(研究生)
(四)表示“低”、“下”的前缀
1.Hypo-Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),hypochlorite(次氯酸盐)2.Infra-
Infra-red(红外线),infrastructure(基础设施),infrasonic(次声的)3.Sub-
Sub-editor(副编辑),subway(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的,潜艇),sub-tropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题),suburb(郊区)
(五)表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀
1.Re-
Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return
(返回),repay(偿还),replace(替换,放回原位)
2.Retro-Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾)
(六)表示“共同”、“和”的前缀
1.Co-
co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校),co-worker(工友,同事)
2.con(col,com,cor)-
Connection(连接),collaborate(协作,合作),correlation(相关性,关联),conspiracy
(阴谋),conference(会议),convention(会议)
(七)表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀
1.Inter-
Inter-changeable(可互换的),interdependent(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-personal(人际的),intercity(城际),intercontinental(洲际的),interact(互动,相互影响),Internet(互联网)
(八)表示“出”、“超出”的前缀1.Ec-Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想)2.Extra-
Extraordinary(非凡的),extramura(l
(地球之外的,外星的)
校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的),extra-terrestrial
(九)表示“超过”的前缀
1.hyper-,preter-,super-,sur-,ultra-
hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的),surrounding,ultrasonic
(十)其它的前缀
1.auto-自
automatic(自动的),autobiography(自传),autograph,automobile2.mal-坏,恶
Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待),malicious,malignant,malice3.Micro-
Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机),microwaveoven(微波炉)4.Tele-远
Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜),television(电视),telemetric
(遥测),telecommunications,telecast,telecontrol5.Demi-,semi-,hemi-
Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)6.Uni-,mono-(单一,单独)
Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服),unique(独一无二的),
university(综合性大学,将各个学院合而为一),universal(统一的,一致的),unicorn
(独角兽),unite(联合,合并),universe,unity,union,unisex,unit7.Bi-,di-二
Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物)Carbondioxide,bipod(双足动物)
8.Tri-三
Triangle(三角),tripod(三角架),trinity(三位一体)
9.Multi-多
multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的),multi-culture(多元文化),
multi-linguist(会说多种语言的人),multi-media(多媒体)
10.Poly–多
Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的)11.Arch-首领
archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师),archangel(大天使),monarch(君主),anarchy(混乱)
12.bene-善,好
benefit(利益),benevolence(善意),benediction(祝福)
13.homo-同homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)14.neo新
neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的)15.ortho-正确,直
orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统)16.philo-挚爱
philosopher(哲学家),philanthropy(慈善活动),Philip17.proto-原始protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质)18.pseudo-假的,伪的,冒充的
pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(伪共产主义),pseudoscience(伪科学),
pseudo
19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制,戒绝),abstract(抽象)20.Apo-,aph-来自
apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱)21.se-分离
separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱)22.para-防
parachute(降落伞),parasol(阳伞)23.omni-所有的,公共的
omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(无所不能),omniscient,omnipresent24.pan-全,泛
Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒)25.panto-全
pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大)26.dia-通过,借以
diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话)27.Per-通过,彻底,不利perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的
28.trans-通过,横过
transcript(抄本,副本;记录),translation(翻译),transparent(透明的),transport
(运输),transplant(移植)
29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption
(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著)
30.syn-共同
synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振的),synthetic(人工的,合成的)
31.meta-变化,变形
metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学),metabolism(新陈代谢)
32.Cis-在这一边cisatlantic(大西洋这边的)33.pen-几乎,相近
peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的,形成半岛的)
34.en-,em-往……里,使……
encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会))encompass(包围),embody(体现),embed(嵌入)
35.intro内在
intracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular(细胞内部的),
introvert(内向的)36.intro-到……中
introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省)37.dys-坏
dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾)38.Eu-优,美好
eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音),euphemism(婉言)
39.ambi-,amphi-两者
amphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的)40.penta-五
pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句)41.sex-六
sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的)
42.sept-七
September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度)
43.hepta-七
heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形)44.octa-,octo,oct八
octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍),October(十月),octopus(章鱼)
45.nona-,ennea-九
nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组)46.deci-,deca-十
decimal(十进位,小数),decagramme(十克),decade(十年)
47.centi-百centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)48.milli-千
millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米),millennium(千年),milligram
49.Kilo-千
kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米),kilogram(千克),kilocalorie
二、后缀
(一)名词后缀
1.-ster,-eer,-er(or,ar)意为:
从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(personengagedinanoccupationoractivity)例词:
gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor,visitor,beggar,weaponeer,profiteer,supervisor
2.-let意为:
小\不重要\环形的东西(small,unimportantorroundthing)例词:
booklet,leaflet,starlet,islet,piglet,bracelet,armlet,
3.-ette意为:
1)小的东西(small)例词:
cigarette2)假的东西(imitation)例词:
leatherette3)女性(female)例词:
usherette
4.-ess意为:
女性(female)例词:
actress,poetess,hostess,paintress5.-hood意为:
时期(status;etc.)例词:
boyhood,childhood,manhood
6.-ship意为:
才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:
leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship,scholarship,authorship,fellowship,hardship
7.-ful意为:
数量(theamountwhichnouncontains)例词:
cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful,armful,roomful
8.-tion,-ion意为:
1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:
action,oppression,possession,education,starvation2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词:
organization,foundation
9.-ment意为:
状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:
movement,enslavement,pavement,entertainment,enjoyment,monument
10.-al意为:
动作(action)例词:
arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal,survival,denial,musical
11.-age意为:
程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc.)例词:
wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage,percentage,wreckage
12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:
状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:
happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability,regularity,popularity,honesty,treaty,creativity
13.-ism意为:
道义,主义,学说等(doctrineof,practiceof)例词:
idealism,impressionism,
absenteeism,racism,journalism,me-tooism,Marxism,Socialism,Communism,Chauvinism,sexism,
(二)动词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ify意为:
转为,变为(toturninto,tomakeorbecome)例词:
beautify,diversify,simplify,purify,identify,personify,signify,glorify
2.-ize;-en意为:
使……,变得……(tomakeorbecome;tomakeinto)例词:
modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten
3.-ate意为:
增加,使……(giveoradd,makeorbecome)例词:
originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate
(三)形容词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ful意为:
充满,有(fullof;hav-ing;giving;etc.)例词:
useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful,joyful
2.-less意为:
没有,无(without;notgiving)例词:
speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless,footless,penniless,jobless,aimless
3.-ly意为:
有……品质的(havingthequalitiesof)例词:
beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly,comradely,motherly,daily,deadly,likely,lovely
4.-like意为:
像……的(like)例词:
childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like
5.-y;-ish意为:
像……一般的(somewhatlike)例词:
meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish,bookish
6.-some意为:
像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing;havingthequalityof)例词:
troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome,awesome,handsome
7.-able(ible)意为:
能……的;可以……的(abletobe;capable)例词:
changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible
8.-ed意为:
有……的(having,etc.)例词:
wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped9.-al意为:
有……属性的,……类型的(natureof,typicalof)例词:
cultural,personal,regional,musical
10.-ary(ory)意为:
属于……的,与……相连的(belongingto;connectedwith)例词:
revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory
11.-ous意为:
富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(fullof;havingthequalityof;like)例词:
glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious
12.-ic(ical)意为:
……类的;属于……的(typicalof;belongingto)例词:
historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic
13.-ive意为:
有……属性的;有某种倾向的(havingthenatureorqualityof;givenortendingto)例词:
attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive,protective,preventive
(四)副词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ly意为:
以……方式(ina...manner;etc.)
例词:
happily,boldly,attentively,strangely,quickly,honestly
2.-ward(s)意为:
表示方式或动作的方向(manneranddirectionofmovement)例词:
onward(s),bac