宿迁市高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目及答案.docx
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宿迁市高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目及答案
宿迁市高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目(及答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
AstudypublishedinthejournalSciencerevealsthatsince1970,birdpopulationsintheUnitedStatesandCanadahavedeclinedby29percent,oralmost3billionbirds.Theresultsshowtremendouslossesacrossdiversegroupsofbirdsandhabitats-fromiconicsongsterssuchasmeadowlarkstolong-distancemigrantssuchasswallows.
"Thesedataareconsistentwithwhatwe'reseeingelsewhere,"saidcoauthorPeterMarra,formerheadoftheSmithsonianMigratoryBirdCenter.It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecausethedominoeffects(多米诺效应)canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependonforourownhealthandlivelihoodsandbecausepeopleallovertheworldcherishbirdsintheirownright.Canyouimagineaworldwithoutbirdsong?
"
Evidenceforthedeclinesemergedfromdetectionofmigratorybirdsintheairfrom143NEXRADweatherradarstationsacrossthecontinentinaperiodspanningover10yearsaswellasfromnearly50yearsofdatacollectedthroughmultiplemonitoringeffortsontheground.Citizen-scienceparticipantsalsocontributedalot,fortheanalysisincludedcitizen-sciencedatafromtheNorthAmericanBreedingBirdSurveycoordinatedbytheCanadianWildlifeService-themainsourcesoflong-term,large-scalepopulationdataforNorthAmericanbirds.
Thestudynotedthatthelargestfactordrivingthesedeclinesislikelythewidespreadlossanddegradationofhabitat,especiallyduetoagriculturalintensificationandurbanization.Otherstudieshavedocumenteddeathfrompredation(捕食)bydomesticcats;collisionswithglass,buildings,andotherstructures;andpervasive(普遍的)useofpesticidesassociatedwithwidespreaddeclinesininsects,anessentialfoodsourceforbirds.Climatechangeisexpectedtocompoundthesechallengesbyalteringhabitatsandthreateningplantcommunitiesthatbirdsneedtosurvive.
"It'sawake-upcallthatwe'velostmorethanaquarterofourbirdsintheU.S.andCanada,"saidcoauthorAdamSmithfromEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada.Butthecrisisreachesfarbeyondourindividualborders.ManyofthebirdsthatbreedinCanadianbackyardsmigratethroughorspendthewinterintheU.S.andplacesfarthersouth-fromMexicoandtheCaribbeantoCentralandSouthAmerica.Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:
bringingourbirdsback.
(1)Theunderlinedword"decay"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto____.
A.improvement
B.worsening
C.changed
D.threat
(2)WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?
A.Newfindingsoftheresearch.
B.Applicationsoftheresearch.
C.Datasourcesoftheresearch.
D.Methodsoftheresearch.
(3)WhatAdamSmithsaidmainlyimpliesthat___________.
A.birdpopulationsinAmericaandCanadadroppedbyaquarter
B.thebirdpopulationcrisisisnotjustwithinindividualborders
C.thereislittleindividualscandotohelpincreasebirdpopulations
D.thesolutiontosolvingthecrisisneedsinternationalcooperation
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。
发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究显示,美国和加拿大的鸟类数量已经下降了,鸟类和栖息地都遭受了巨大的损失,作者根据研究数据来说明解决这些问题迫在眉睫,需要全人类共同努力拯救鸟类。
(1)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecausethedominoeffects(多米诺效应)canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependonforourownhealthandlivelihoods”可知,解决持续的威胁迫在眉睫,人类依赖生态系统以生存和保持健康,这里的威胁指多米诺效应会破坏人们的生态系统,可以判断多米诺效应会让生态系统恶化,故选B。
(2)考查段落大意。
根据第三段“在过去10年中,在整个非洲大陆143个天气雷达站对候鸟的探测,以及通过在当地进行的多次监测工作收集到的近50年的数据......公民科学参与者也做出了很大贡献,分析北美繁殖鸟类调查数据,这是北美鸟类长期、大规模数据的主要来源。
”可知,本段主要介绍了研究的数据来源,故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:
bringingourbirdsback.”可知,鸟类现在需要的是一项历史性的、半球性的努力,把人们和组织团结起来实现一个共同目标:
把鸟类带回来,所以解决这个危机需要国际合作,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇新闻报道。
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
ItookajourneytoNewYork,USseveralmonthsago.ItwasthefirsttimeIhadbeenabroad.ItwasalsothefirsttimeIhadtakenatripbymyself.Ihadgreatenthusiasmandhighhopes,andIwasn'tletdown.
It'shardtodescribehowIfeltwhenIarrivedattheairportinNewYork.Lookingatpeopleofdifferentracesandnationalitiespassingbyandhearingdifferentlanguagesallaroundme,Icouldn'tsayanythingforalongtime.IhadneverunderstoodtheculturaldiversityoftheUSsoclearlyandcloselybefore.
Thefollowingdayswereevenmoreimpressive.Weintegrated(融入)intotheforestofconcreteandcement(混凝土和水泥).WewavedtotheStatueofLiberty;welookeddownatthebusyislandofManhattan;welookedatwell-knownuniversities—HarvardofancientEgypt.
Thenwevisitedsomewell-knownuniversity—Harvard,Yale,PrincetonandColumbia—eachwithitsownappealingandtime-honoredhistory.Butwhatalltheseuniversitieshaveincommonistheirpeacefulacademicatmosphereswitchyoucouldfeeleverywhere.Iwasimpressedbythelibraries,decoratedjustlikecathedrals(教堂),andthelaboratoriesjustnexttotheclassroom.Mydreamistoreturntothoseplacesasaninternationalstudent.
Finallycameourdestinations—theModelUnitedNationsconferenceattheUniversityofChicago.StudentsfromvariouscountriesarrivedtoactasUnitedNationsdelegationsandsharetheiropinionsaboutglobalissues.
Asanon-nativespeaker,Ifeltthatcompetingagainstnativespeakerswasaverytoughtask.ButitwasalsoararechangetoimprovemyEnglishandIcouldn'tthrowitaway.Withperseveranceanddevotion.Igotusedtotalkingtootherdelegationsnaturally.AlthoughIdidn'twinanyawards,thechairmanpraisedmeattheclosingceremonyformyexcellentperformance.Thatmademefeelreallyproud.
Thistripbroughtmeunforgettableandvaluableexperiencesthatwillbenefitmeforever.
(1)Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthor'sgoingtoAmerica?
A. Toseesomeplacesofinterest.
B. Tovisitsomewell-knownuniversities.
C. Toattendacompetitionatauniversity.
D. Tolearnabouttheculturaldiversitythere.
(2)Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhe/shesawtheculturaldiversityoftheUS?
A. Regretful.
B. Amazed.
C. Peaceful.
D. Confident.
(3)Whatistheauthor'swishinthefuture?
A. ToworkfortheUnitedNations.
B. Totourmorecountriesintheworld.
C. TohaveajobintheUnitedStates.
D. TostudyinthefamousuniversitiesinAmerica.
(4)Whydidtheauthorfeelproud?
A. Hewonanawardinthecompetition.
B. Hewaspraisedbythechairman.
C. Hecouldpersuadeotherstoaccepthisopinions.
D. HecouldspeakEnglishwellattheconference.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,作者去美国参加在一所大学里举行的比赛,对美国文化的多元化感到惊讶。
作者虽然没有获奖,但他被主席表扬因而感到自豪。
作者最大的愿望是在美国大学里学习。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“Finallycameourdestinations—theModelUnitedNationsconferenceattheUniversityofChicago.StudentsfromvariouscountriesarrivedtoactasUnitedNationsdelegationsandsharetheiropinionsaboutglobalissues.”和倒数第一段中的“Asanon-nativespeaker,Ifeltthatcompetingagainstnativespeakerswasaverytoughtask.”可知,作者来美国的目的是为了在一所大学参加比赛。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Lookingatpeopleofdifferentracesandnationalitiespassingbyandhearingdifferentlanguagesallaroundme,Icouldn'tsayanythingforalongtime.IhadneverunderstoodtheculturaldiversityoftheUSsoclearlyandcloselybefore.”可知,作者看到美国文化的多元化时感到惊讶。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Mydreamistoreturntothoseplacesasaninternationalstudent.”可知,作者最大的愿望是在美国大学里学习。
故选D。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“AlthoughIdidn'twinanyawards,thechairmanpraisedmeattheclosingceremonyformyexcellentperformance.Thatmademefeelreallyproud.”可知,他被主席表扬因而感到自豪。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.(2019•浙江)阅读理解
Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).
Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.
Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).
ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.
Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).
Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.
(1)Whatis