专题讲解祈使句及练习教学文稿.docx
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专题讲解祈使句及练习教学文稿
专题讲解祈使句及练习
祈使句
一祈使句的用法。
1.祈使句的概念。
祈使句表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词用原形。
主语you通常省略,句末用感叹号或句号,例如:
Knockatthedoorbeforeentering,please!
进来时请敲门!
(建议)
Lookout!
Thereisatraincoming.注意!
火车来了!
(提醒)
Wearstrongshoesasweshalldoalotofwalking.请穿结实的鞋子,因为我们要走许多的路。
(叮嘱)
Putonyourcoatatonce.Wemusthurry.立刻穿上衣服,我们必须快点(命令)
Givebloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.如果你能,来献血吧,这会挽救很多人的生命。
(号召)
2.祈使句的分类。
祈使句分为第二人称祈使句,第一人称祈使句和第三人称祈使句。
二.第二人称祈使句是以听话人为祈使对象的祈使句,通常用来向听话者发出命令,提出要求或建议。
这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来,而是已动词原形开头,例如:
Keepquiet,please!
Openthedoor,please!
Hurryup!
3.第一人称祈使句是一第一人称代词作为祈使句的对象,这类祈使句通常是以let为引导词表示建议。
句子结构为let+me/us+动词原形,例如:
Let’sgooutandplay!
让我们出去玩吧。
Let’splayaguessinggame!
我们来玩猜谜游戏吧。
Letmehavealook!
让我来看一看。
Letmetellyou!
让我来告诉你。
4.第三人称祈使句是以第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象,以let为引导词,句子结构为let+him/her/it/them/名词+动词原形,例如:
Lethimbehereby10o’clock.让他十点前来这儿。
Letherdoitbyherself.让他10点前来这儿。
Letitgo.让它去吧。
典型例题
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
Tom,____________(do)thehomeworknow.
解题思路:
该题句首Tom后面有个逗号,说明是对Tom说话,后面的说话内容是一个祈使句,应该用动词原形开头,用do,意思是“Tom,现在做作业吧。
”但是有的学生会忽略逗号。
误以为是现在进行时的句子,填成isdoing.
三.否定的祈使句。
1.第二人称祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t或never,例如:
Don’tbenervous!
你不要紧张!
Don’tmakeanynoise!
都别吵人了!
Neverbelateagain.别再迟到了。
Pleasedon’tforgettotakeyourmedicine.请不要忘记吃药。
2.第一人称祈使句的否定结构。
是在动词原形前面加not,句型为letme/us/notdosth.例如:
Let’snotwasteourtimearguingaboutit!
咱们别浪费时间争论这事了!
Let’snotsayanythingaboutit!
这事咱们谁也别说!
Let’snotgobacklate.
3.第一人称祈使句的否定结构,是在其句首加didn’t,例如:
Don’tlethimplaywiththefire.让他不要玩火!
Don’tletanyonecomein.就让任何人进来!
Don’tletthemplayalongtheriver.别让他们在河边玩。
4.“No+名词或动名词”结构表示禁止,一般用于指示、标牌、布告等,例如:
Nosmoking!
禁止吸烟!
Nospitting!
不准随地吐痰!
Nolitter!
不准乱扔果皮纸屑!
Noentry!
不许入内!
Nothoroughfare!
禁止通行!
Nopaintingonthewall!
墙上不准涂写!
Noadmittanceexceptonbusiness!
非公莫人!
典型例题
将下列祈使句改成否定句。
(1)Let’sflykitesnow.
_________________________________________________________
解题思路:
第一人称祈使句的否定结构,在动词原形前面加not,句型为Letme/usnotdosth.
(2)Lethimstayathomealone.
_______________________________________________________________
第三人称祈使句的否定结构,是在其句首加don’t.不要和第一人称祈使句的否定结构混淆起来。
用动词的适当形式填空。
(1)Alice,___________________(notbe)sadaboutit.
解题思路:
该题句首Alice后面有个逗号,说明是对Alice说话,后面的说话内容是个祈使句,括号里“notbe”提示为祈使句的否定形式,填don’tbe,意思是“Alice,不要为此而难过了。
”但是有的学生会忽略逗号,填成isn’t.
过关演练
I连词成句。
001.please,after,read,me
___________________________________________________________
002.down,sit,please.
___________________________________________________________
003.here,come,and,the,blackboard,clean
___________________________________________________________
004.there,go,and,stand,please
___________________________________________________________
005.the,window,close,please
___________________________________________________________
006.Dad,me,ayo-yo,buy,please
___________________________________________________________
007.to,listen,me,carefully,please
___________________________________________________________
008.play,let’s.hide-and-seek
___________________________________________________________
009.not,make,let’s,mistakes,any
___________________________________________________________
010.be,don’tlate,class,for
___________________________________________________________
011.Mum,me,give,some,cookies,please
___________________________________________________________
012.let,them,don’t,play,the,along,river
___________________________________________________________
013.anyone,don’t,let,in,come
___________________________________________________________
014.up,hurry,or,be,you’ll,late
___________________________________________________________
015.turn,the,electric,fan,on,please
___________________________________________________________
II.将下列祈使句改成否定句。
016.Stop,please.
___________________________________________________________
017.Giveherahamburger.
___________________________________________________________
018.Brushyourteethnow.
___________________________________________________________
019.Runaroundthehouse.
___________________________________________________________
020.Letthebabylaugh.
___________________________________________________________
021.Letthebirdflyaway.
___________________________________________________________
022.Letthedogstayinthecage.
___________________________________________________________
023.Let’sgetreadyforthepicnic.
___________________________________________________________
024.Let’swatchTVaftersupper.
___________________________________________________________
025.Let’scrosstheroadtogether.
___________________________________________________________
026.Makethebednow.
___________________________________________________________
027.Putonyournewshoes.
___________________________________________________________
028.Letthemfinishtheirworknow.
___________________________________________________________
030.Lethimdoitbyhimself.
___________________________________________________________
III.将下列祈使句改成肯定句。
031.Don’tgotherewiththem.
___________________________________________________________
032.Don’ttakeasandwichwithyou.
___________________________________________________________
033.Don’ttakehimtothefunfairwithtomorrow.
___________________________________________________________
034.Don’tturnontheTV.
___________________________________________________________
035.Don’tfeedthebird.
___________________________________________________________
036.Don’twaitforme.
___________________________________________________________
037.Don’tletheropenthewindow.
___________________________________________________________
038.Don’tletthemeatthesweet.
___________________________________________________________
039.Let’snottalkaboutthemovie.
___________________________________________________________
040.Let’snotwalkaroundthetree.
___________________________________________________________
IV.照样子写句子。
例如:
Don’tsmoke.→Nosmoking.
041.Don’twalkingonthegrass.→_________________________________
042.Don’tmakenoise.→_________________________________
043.Don’tlitter.→_________________________________
044.Don’tswimhere.→_________________________________
045.Don’tfeedtheanimal.→_________________________________
046.Don’ttouch.→_________________________________
047.Don’tclimbthetree.→_________________________________
048.Don’tpaintonthewall.→_________________________________
049.Don’tjumpoffthewall.→_________________________________
050.Don’tpickflowers.→_________________________________
051.Don’ttakephotos.→_________________________________
052.Don’teatordrinkhere.→_________________________________
053.Don’tshout.→_________________________________
V.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
054.Dinnerisready.___________(lay)thetable,please.
055._________(give)mesomewater,please!
056._________(fill)theform,please,and__________(sign)yournamehere.
057.Mary,_______(do)thewashingup,please.
058.Mum,______________(notbe)worry.I’ll__________(be)fine.
059.Let’s_________(notmake)anymistakes.
060._________letthedog_____________(notfollow)me.
061.Let’s________(not,chase)thedog.It’sdangerous.
062.LilyandLucy,_________(make)yourselvesathome,please.
063.Tom,______(help)yourselftosomefruit.
064.Norman,_________(take)offyourcoatifyoufeelhot.
065.Let’s______________(be)friendsand_______(keep)intouch.
VI.选择填空。
()066.
_________methebook,please.
A.Pass
B.Passing
C.Topass
()067.
__________makeanynoise.Theyarehavinganexam.
A.Not
B.No
CDon’t
()068.
Let’s__________campingthisweekend.
A.go
B.going
Ctogo
()069.
_______lethim__________computergames.It’sbadforhiseyes.
A.Not,play
B.Don’t,play
C.No,playing
()070.
________withfire.It’sdangerous.
A.Don’tplay
B.Play
C.Notplay
()071.
Jack,______paperplaneformenow.
A.makes
B.make
C.ismaking
()072.
Dad,__________athome.
A.doesn’tsmoke
B.isn’tsmoking
C.don’tsmoke
()073.
Let’s__________blowbubblesathome.
A.don’t
B.not
C.no
()074.
Pleasegowithus,____________?
A.don’tyou
B.willyou
C.won’tyou
()075.
Letmehelpyou,____________?
A.won’tyou
B.willyou
C.willI
()076.
Let‘stakeawalk._______________?
A.shallwe
B.willyou
C.won’tyou
()077.
Workhard,________youcan’tpasstheexam.
A.and
B.but
C.or
()078.
Gostraightahead,_______youwillseethebank.
A.and
B.but
C.or
()079.
Putonyourcoat,_________youwillcatchacold.
A.so
B.or
C.and
()080.
Readmore,_____________youwillknowalot.
A.and
B.so
C.or
VII.用祈使句改写下列句子,并保持意思不变。
081.Youmustn’teatordrinkinclass.
__________________________________________________________________
082.Youmustn’tplayfootballinthestreet.
__________________________________________________________________
083.Youmustlistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.
__________________________________________________________________
084.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkontimeeveryday.
__________________________________________________________________
085.Youcan’ttakephotosinthemuseum.
__________________________________________________________________
086.Youcan’tclimbthetreesinthepark.
__________________________________________________________________
087.Youcan’tswiminthelake.
__________________________________________________________________
088.Youcan’tjumpoffthewall.
__________________________________________________________________
089.Youmustkeepquietinthehospital.
_____________________________________________________________