星火30篇文章贯通考研词汇word资料121页.docx
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星火30篇文章贯通考研词汇word资料121页
Unit1ThePermit………………………………………1
要练说，先练胆。
说话胆小是幼儿语言发展的障碍。
不少幼儿当众说话时显得胆怯：
有的结巴重复，面红耳赤；有的声音极低，自讲自听；有的低头不语，扯衣服，扭身子。
总之，说话时外部表现不自然。
我抓住练胆这个关键，面向全体，偏向差生。
一是和幼儿建立和谐的语言交流关系。
每当和幼儿讲话时，我总是笑脸相迎，声音亲切，动作亲昵，消除幼儿畏惧心理，让他能主动的、无拘无束地和我交谈。
二是注重培养幼儿敢于当众说话的习惯。
或在课堂教学中，改变过去老师讲学生听的传统的教学模式，取消了先举手后发言的约束，多采取自由讨论和谈话的形式，给每个幼儿较多的当众说话的机会，培养幼儿爱说话敢说话的兴趣，对一些说话有困难的幼儿，我总是认真地耐心地听，热情地帮助和鼓励他把话说完、说好，增强其说话的勇气和把话说好的信心。
三是要提明确的说话要求，在说话训练中不断提高，我要求每个幼儿在说话时要仪态大方，口齿清楚，声音响亮，学会用眼神。
对说得好的幼儿，即使是某一方面，我都抓住教育，提出表扬，并要其他幼儿模仿。
长期坚持，不断训练，幼儿说话胆量也在不断提高。
许可证
这个工作可让学生分组负责收集整理,登在小黑板上,每周一换。
要求学生抽空抄录并且阅读成诵。
其目的在于扩大学生的知识面,引导学生关注社会,热爱生活,所以内容要尽量广泛一些,可以分为人生、价值、理想、学习、成长、责任、友谊、爱心、探索、环保等多方面。
如此下去,除假期外,一年便可以积累40多则材料。
如果学生的脑海里有了众多的鲜活生动的材料,写起文章来还用乱翻参考书吗?
因生活困苦，我不得不离开家乡去外国打工。
我把大部分钱都寄给了妻子和父母。
然而不久，政府要求我们必须有工作许可证才能继续打工。
后来，我们就遭遇到种种无理待遇……
死记硬背是一种传统的教学方式,在我国有悠久的历史。
但随着素质教育的开展,死记硬背被作为一种僵化的、阻碍学生能力发展的教学方式,渐渐为人们所摒弃;而另一方面,老师们又为提高学生的语文素养煞费苦心。
其实,只要应用得当,“死记硬背”与提高学生素质并不矛盾。
相反,它恰是提高学生语文水平的重要前提和基础。
Ithinkthebuildingmusthavebeenusedasafarmer'swinterstore,forIfoundpilesofforgottendriedchestnutsandgraininrottingbarrels.Itriedthechestnutsbuttheytastedsour,Paulosaidhewouldbringmefood,butthatwasthreedaysago.
Yesterday,Iheardacarenginegettingcloser,andclimbeduptohideinthebeamsofthepatchedroof.Butthemenjustlookedinquicklythroughtheworn-outwindowsandbrokendoorsbeforetheyleft.Iclungtothedustywoodenbeam,feelingitwouldbendundermyweight,andtriedtomakenonoise.Myarmsandlegsgrewnumb,thenbegantotremble.Ilongedtomove,butIwaiteduntilIheardthepolicemendriveoff.
Iknewthattheywouldreturn.Whenwebeganthefinalpartofourjourney,wewerewarnedthatthepolicepatrolledthelandaroundhereregularly.Theyarealwayssearchingforus,orotherslikeus;thecoastofMorocco（摩洛哥）andthePresidio（要塞）ofCeuta（休达，摩洛哥北部港市）areonlytenmilesawayacrosstheStraits.
ThatishowIgothere:
squeezedinwithfifteenothermeninashallowboatmeantforeight,withthecoldwavesreachingoverthesidesandthenightdeepandblackasatomb.Ihaveneverbeenmorescared.Iprayedallthewayacross,andthoughtaboutmyfamily.Itoldmyself,overandover,thatIwasdoingitforthem.Thattriptookalmostallofmymoney.AllofthemoneyIhadsavedinEcuador（厄瓜多尔）.Theboatmenleftusonabeachinthemiddleofthenight.Welostsightofthembutwecouldstillheartheirsmallengineacrossthewaves.Sixofusstartedwalkinginlandbuttheotherswaitedforthecontacts,thefriendsoftheboatmen,astheyhadbeentold.
Wewerelucky:
wemetPaulo.Wefoundthetownandwaiteduntilthefirstbaropened;Iwentinalonewhiletheothershidintheorchardnearby.WhenIaskedforacupofcoffee,theyoungbarman（侍者）lookedatmeandnodded.Hemadethecoffee,thendisappearedintothebackroom.Coldandwithoutstrength,Iwrappedmyhandsaroundthewarmcup,notcaringwhetherthebarmanhadcalledthepolice,notcaringaboutthenextmoment,justaboutthepresent.
ButthemanhadcalledPaulo,whocameandhelpedus.Paulowasalwayssmiling,alwayshappy.HewasfromSeville（塞维利亚）,abusycityofmanypeople,andheknewmanypeople.Paulofoundworkforus.Imadegoodmoneyonthefarms.Ipickedcabbages,beans,cucumbersandpeas.Ipickedgreatroundyellowsquashes（南瓜）thatsmelledofrichperfumewhenyoubrokethem.Thefarmershiredusbytheday,andwerecontent.Thelocalpeoplewouldneverworkforthewageswearepaid.Butthereweremanyfarms,andmanycropstobepicked.Wewerewelcomed.
Isharedasmallcleanhouseinthetownwithsevenotherworkers.WehadjourneyedfromEcuador,Colombia（哥伦比亚）,Venezuela（委内瑞拉）,evenArgentina（阿根廷）.Paulofoundthehouseforus-heknewthelandlordandarrangedagoodprice.Welivedwell,withenoughfoodandsometimeswine.IearnedmoreinaweekthanIcouldinthreemonthsbackhomeiftherehadbeenworktodothere.Isentmostofthemoneythatwaslefttomywifeandparents,andwrotemanyletterstothem.Thenthegovernmentchangedtherulessothatweneededworkpermits.
Iqueuedwithhundredsofotherworkers,waitingfortheapplicationforms.Wesatonthestonebenchesbeneaththetreesandreadtheforms.Someoftheotherworkersarefromsmallvillagesandtowns,andcannotreadaswellasIcan,soIexplainedtothemthatthegovernmentwantedourbirthcertificates,drivinglicenses,passportsandmanyotherdocuments.Manyoftheworkershadperhapsoneortwoofthesedocuments,butmosthadnone.Ihelpedtheotherscompletetheformsandwegavethemtotheclerk.Helookedatourdocuments,stampedtheformsmanytimesandtoldusthattheywouldbesenttoMadrid（马德里）,andourpermitswouldbereturnedintwoorthreemonthsiftheformswereapproved.
Wehadtowait.EvenPauloandhisfriendscouldnothelpus.
Thefirstmonthwasnottoobadasmostofthefarmerscontinuedtouseus;theircropswererich,waitingtobepicked.ThensomemenfromMadridvisitedallofthefarms,andmaybehalfofthefarmersstoppedusingus.Thefarmerstoldusthattheyweresorry,andweunderstoodthem.
Sothesecondmonthwasworse:
onlyafewofthefarmerswoulduseus,andthosethatdidpayverypoorwages.Wesharedwhatwehad,andateonceaday:
rice,porridge（粥）,bread,cheapfoodthatwouldfillourstomachs.Webegantostareateachother,andwonderwhichofuswouldfindwork.Therewerefightsinthemorning,betweendifferentgroupsofworkers,whenthefarms'supervisors（管理人，监工）cametochoosewhowouldworkthatday.Butstillwehadsomehope.
Welostthehouseinthethirdmonth,aswehadnomoneyforrent.Wewereabletogetsomefoodfromthecharitykitchensaroundthetown,andthechurch,butwefoundalwaysalongqueueandverylittlefood.Wetookourbagsandblanketsandsleptinthefields.Thentheweatherbecamecoldandwesleptwherewecould,huddledtogether,inoldforgottenbuildingsandalleys（小巷）.SometimesIdreamedofmyfamily,andwhenIawoke,Iwishedthedreamcouldcontinue.
Thepeopleofthetownstaredatusfromthesidesoftheireyesastheypassedus.Theyclenched（握紧）theirhandsandmuttered,andsomeofthemspatonthepavement.Afewofuswereattackedandbeateninthedark,anddrivenfromtheparksandstreets.Allofthetime,thePolicetoldustomoveon,moveon.
Itistheendofthethirdmonthwhenithappens.
Thefarmershiredcoachesandsendthemintothetown.Fromfouro'clockinthemorningwewaitedinagitatingsilence,handspusheddeepintopockets,ourhatspulleddowntightagainstthecoldandthewatchingpolicemen.
Bythetimethecoachesarrived,therearehundredsofworkerswaitinginthedarkness.Wepressedforwardasthedoorsopened.Thesupervisorsstoodonthebottomstepsofthecoachesandasked,"Whohasthepermit?
"
Themenwithpermitsholdthemupandwereallowedontothecoaches.
SomeoftheworkerswerefromthecountriesinEuropeanddidnotneedpermits,sotheywereallowedonwhentheyshowedtheirpassports.IwentfromcoachtocoachuntilIsawagroupofChileans（智利人）,whoIknewhavenopermits,climbingaboardawaitingcoach.Theleaderoftheirgroupspokefirstwiththeforemanandshookhishand,thentheyweretakenon.Istoodbeforethesupervisor.
“Youhavethepermit?
”,heaskedme.Hewasbroad,stout（肥胖的）andfilledthedoorwayofthecoach.Hisfatneckspiltfromtheupturned（向上翻的）collarofhisleatherjacket.Hishairwasshavenclosetohishead.IexplaintohimthatmyapplicationwasrejectedbutIwouldtryagain.
“Comebackwhenyouhaveapermit,”hetoldme.Hefrownedasheinhaled（吸入，吸气）asmokeandlookeddowntheavenuetowherethepolicemenwerewatchingthecoaches.IexplainedtohimthatIwasahardworker,thatIhadeatenonlyonceinthreedays,thatIwaseagertoworkandsendmoneytomyfamily.
Helookedatthepolicemen,whohadstartedwalkingalongthepavementbesidethecoaches,andglaredatmeandsays,“GotoMadridandtellthem.”
TheChileanswerelaughingandpointingatmethroughthecoachwindows.
Thesupervisortossedhishalf-finishedcigaretteintothegutter（排水沟）bymyfoot.AtthemomentIstabbedhiminthestomach.Hebentdownwithasmallcry.
ThepolicemenlookedatusandIbegantorunawayfromthecoaches,intothedarksidestreets.Iheardloudrunningstepsclosebehindme,andtheroarofcarengines.
Islidintotheshadowsofashop'sbackdoor,behindtwotallmetalcontainersthatstank（发出臭味）ofrottingmeatandspoiledfoodstuff（食品）.Igasped,andeachbreathburnt.Myhearthammeredagainstmychest.
Iwaitedforalongtimeuntilthesoundsofthecarsandpeoplefaded.Iwalkedslowlytotheendofthealleyandlookedout,butthestreetswereempty.
Ihadrunalmosttotheriver;Icouldhearitrushinginthedarknessbeneathme.
Myrighthandfeltcold.Ilookeddownintheyellowlightofastreetlamp,andsawmyhandstillclenchedintoafist.Itlookedlikethehandofanotherperson,notpartofme.Ashortblade,nolongerthanmythumb,stuckoutfromthefist.Theblade,myfist,andmysleevewereallstaineddarkred.
PaulogavemetheknifewhenIpickedartichokesonthefarms.Theshortthickbladeisverysharp,madeforcuttingtheplants'stalks.
Iscrambleddowntothebanksoftheriverandthrewtheknifeintotheriverwater.Ihearditsplashedfaraway.Therivertouchedmyfeet.Iboweddownandwashedmysleeveandhand,althoughthewaterwassocold,likeice,thatmyhandbecamenumb.ThenIwalkedbackuptothestreet.
Ifoundsomeoftheotherworkershidinginthedesertedwarehousewehadfound.OneofthemwenttofindPaulo,whocameandtoldmeabouttheoldfarmbuild
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