职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案051436.docx

职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案051436.docx

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职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案051436

职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案0514-36

1、MobilePhones

Mobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyprovedtobeadangeroussourceofradiation,accordingtoRobertBell,ascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowersshouldbebuilduntilthelong-termhealtheffectsoftheelectromagneticradiationtheyemitisscientificallyevaluated,hesaid."Nobody＇sgoingtodropdeadovernightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformation,"RobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealtheffectsoflow-levelradiation.“Ifmobilephonesarefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevised,”hesaid.

Areportwidelycirculatedamongthepublicsaysthatuptonowscientistsdonotreallyknowenoughtoguaranteetherearenoilleffectsonhumansfromelectromagneticradiation.AccordingtoRobertBell,thereare3.3millionmobilephonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2,000aday.Bytheyear2000itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:

nearlyoneforeverytwopeople.

Aswell,thereare2,000transmittertowersaroundAustralia,manyinhighdensityresidentialareas.Forexample,Telstra,OptusandVideophonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.Theelectromagneticradiationemittedfromthesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsnearby.

RobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheGovernmentshouldbanconstructionofphonetowersfromwithina500metreradiusofschoolgrounds,childcarecentres,hospitals,sportsplayingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagneticwavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.

____AccordingtoRobertBell,itisreasonableforthemajortelephonecompaniestofundit.Besides,healsourgestheGovernmenttosetupawideranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.

【单选题】

A.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.

B.Bytheyear2000itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave12millionmobilephones:

nearlyoneforeverytwopeople.

C.“Ifmobilephonesarefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevised,”hesaid.

D.Thenwhofinancestheresearch?

E.Forexample,Telstra,OptusandVideophonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.

F.Theconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringmoreharmthanbenefit.

正确答案:

D

答案解析:

后一句说的是majortelephonecompanies出钱资助研究项目的问题，提示了D是正确答案。

2、Infact,shedidnotevengetthroughthefirstroundofthisspeechcontest.【单选题】

A.pass

B.finish

C.takepartin

D.enterfor

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

getthrough和pass都可以表示“通过、经过”；finish:

完成、结束；takepartin：

参加、参与；enterfor:

报名参加。

3、TheysayIreland＇stheBest

Irelandisthebestplaceintheworldtoliveinfor2005,accordingtoalifequalityrankingthatappearedinBritain＇sEconomistmagazinelastweek.

Theambitiousattempttocomparehappinesslevelsaroundtheworldisbasedontheprinciplethatwealthisnottheonlymeasureofhumansatisfactionandwell-being.

Theindexof111countriesusesdataonincomes,health,unemployment,climate,politicalstability,jobsecurity,genderequalityaswellaswhatthemagazinecalls"freedom,familyandcommunitylife".

Despitethebadweather,troubledhealthservice,trafficcongestion（拥挤）,genderinequality,andthehighcostofliving,Irelandscoredanimpressive8.33pointsoutof10.

Thatputitwellaheadofsecond-placeSwitzerland,whichmanaged8.07.Zimbabwe,troubledbypoliticalinsecurityandhunger,isratedthegloomiest（最差的）,pickinguponly3.89points.

"Althoughrisingincomesandincreasedindividualchoicesarehighlyvalued,"thereportsaid,"someofthefactorsassociatedwithmodernizationsuchasthebreakdownintraditionalinstitutionsandfamilyvaluesinparttakeawayfromapositiveimpact.

"Irelandwinsbecauseitsuccessfullycombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenewwiththepreservationofcertainwarmelementsoftheold,suchasstablefamilyandcommunitylife."

Themagazineadmittedmeasuringqualityoflifeisnotastraightforwardthingtodo,andthatitsfindingswouldhavetheircritics.

No.2onthelistisSwitzerland.Theothernationsinthetop10areNorway,Luxembourg,Sweden,Australia,Iceland,Italy,DenmarkandSpain.

TheUKispositionedatNo.29,amuchlowerpositionchieflybecauseofthesocialandfamilybreakdownrecordedinofficialstatistics.TheUS,whichhasthesecondhighestpercapitaGDPafterLuxembourg,tookthe13thplaceinthesurvey.Chinawasinthelowerhalftheleagueat60th.

CostoflivinginIrelandisprettyhigh.

【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

问题句说“爱尔兰的生活费用高”。

题干的核心短语和修饰结构都出现在这个句子中，判断这个句子很可能就是直接答案相关句。

该句说“尽管气候恶劣，健康机构混乱，交通拥挤，性别歧视仍然存在，生活费用高，爱尔兰所获得的分数仍然给人留下了深刻的印象：

满分为十分，爱尔兰获得了8.33分”。

根据这个句子的内容可以知道“爱尔兰的生活费用高”，问题句的说法与原文的说法一致。

4、MusicalTrainingCanImproveCommunicationSkills

Americanscientistssaymusicaltrainingseemstoimprovecommunicationskillsandlanguageretardation.Theyfoundthatdevelopingmusicalskillsinvolvesthesameprocessinthebrainaslearninghowtospeak.Thescientistsbelievethatcouldhelpchildrenwithlearningdisabilities.

____.Shesaysmusicaltraininginvolvesputtingtogetherdifferentkindsofinformation,suchashearingmusic,lookingatmusicalnotes,touchinganinstrumentandwatchingothermusicians.Thisprocessisnotmuchdifferentfromlearninghowtospeak.Bothinvolvedifferentsenses.

Shefurtherexplainsmusicaltrainingandlearningtospeakeachmakeusthinkaboutwhatwearedoing.Shesaysspeechandmusicpassthroughastructureofthenervoussystemcalledthebrainstem.Thebrainstemcontrolsourabilitytohear.Untilrecently,expertshavethoughtthebrainstemcouldnotbedevelopedorchanged.ButProfessorKranssandherteamfoundthatmusicaltrainingcanimproveaperson＇sbrainstemactivity.

Thestudyinvolvedindividualswithdifferentlevelsofmusicalability.Theywereaskedtowearanelectricaldevicethatmeasuresbrainactivity.Theindividualsworetheelectrodewhiletheywatchedavideoofsomeonespeakingandapersonplayingamusicalinstrument----thecello.

ProfessorKrausssayscelloshavesoundqualitiessimilartosomeofthesoundsthatareimportantwithspeech.Thestudyfoundthatthemoreyearsoftrainingpeoplehad,themoresensitivetheyweretothesoundandrhythmofthemusic.Thosewhowereinvolvedinmusicalactivitieswerethesamepeopleinwhomtheimprovementofsensoryeventswasthestrongest.Itshowstheimportanceofmusicaltrainingtochildrenwithlearningdisabilities.Shesaysusingmusictoimprovelisteningskillscouldmeantheyhearsentencesandunderstandfacialexpressionsbetter.

【单选题】

A.Bothinvolvedifferentsenses.

B.NinaKrausisaneurobiologistatNorthwesternUniversityinIllinois.

C.SomedisabledchildrenattendedthemusicaltrainingClass.

D.Itshowstheimportanceofmusicaltrainingtochildrenwithlearningdisabilities.

E.ProfessorKrausssayscelloshavesoundqualitiessimilartosomeofthesoundsthatareimportantwithspeech.

F.Thebrainstemcontrolsourabilitytohear.

正确答案:

B

答案解析:

46后面的句子的主语是代词she，说明46的句子中有一个女性的名字。

选项B有NinaKraus（Nina“尼娜”是女性名字），句子的内容是介绍NinaKraus，与后面句子的意思配得上。

B是答案。

5、SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens

Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto"self-medicate"againsttheblues,scientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactuallyincreasedepressivesymptomsinsometeens.

"Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceivedemotionalbenefitsofsmokingamongteens,"saysleadresearcherMichaelChaiton,aresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto."Althoughcigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicatingeffectsortoimprovemood,inthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms."

Aspartofthestudy,some662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnaires____theiruseofcigarettestoaffectmood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipants,urbanandruralschools,andschoolslocatedinhigh,moderateandlowsocioeconomicneighborhoods.Participantsweredividedintothreegroups:

neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicate,improvemoodorphysicalstate;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowfelttoofiredtodothings:

hadtroublegoingtosleeporstayingasleep;feltunhappy,sad,ordepressed;felthopelessaboutthefuture;feltvexed,antsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings.

"Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmoodimprovershadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked,"saysco-researcherJenniferO＇Loughlin,aprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine."Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskofdevelopingdepressivesymptoms."

Theassociationbetweendepressionandsmokingexistsprincipallyamongteensthatusecigarettestofeelbetter."It＇simportanttoemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingafterthey