职称英语历年真题理工类B级京华网校提供.docx
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职称英语历年真题理工类B级京华网校提供
2013年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案(京华网校提供)
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均由1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意思最接近的选项。
1.Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.
A send B hear
C confirm D spread
2.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswillexpiresoon.
A shorten B end
C start D resume
3.Comeout,orI’llbustthedoordown.
A shut B break
C set D beat
4.Shegetsaggressivewhensheisdrunk.
A offensive B worried
C sleepy D anxious
5.Asapolitician,heknowshowtomanipulatepublicopinion.
A express B divide
C influence D voice
6.Shecameacrossthreechildrensleepingunderabridge.
A foundbychance B passedby
C tookanoticeof D wokeup
7.Ihavelittleinformationasregardsherfitnessforthepost.
A about B at
C with D from
8.Hepaused,waitingforhertodigesttheinformation.
A withhold B exchange
C understand D contact
9.Makesurethetableissecurelyanchored.
A repaired B cleared
C booked D fixed
10.Therewassomethingpeculiarinthewayhesmiles.
A different B strange
C wrong D funny
11.Theseanimalsmigratesouthannuallyinsearchoffood.
A explore B inhabit
C prefer D travel
12.Itseemedincrediblethathehadbeenthereaweekalready.
A right B unbelievable
C obvious D unclear
13.Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaoftown.
A naked B blind
C cautious D private
14.Hewastemptedbythehighsalaryofferedbythecompany.
A taught B kept
C changed D attracted
15.Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumanerror.
A general B inflexible
C complex D direct
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及,请选择C。
WideWorldofRobots
Engineerswhobuildandprogramrobotshavefascinatingjobs.Theseresearcherstinker(修补)withmachinesinthelabandwritecomputersoftwaretocontrolthesedevices.“They’rethebesttoysoutthere,”saysHowleChosetatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Chosetisaroboticist,apersonwhodesigns,buildsorprogramsrobots.
WhenChosetwasakid,hewasinterestedinanythingthatmoved—cars,trains,animals.HeputmotorsonTinkertoycarstomakethemmove.Later,inhighschool,hebuiltmobilerobotssimilartosmallcars.
Hopingtocontinueworkingonrobots,hestudiedcomputerscienceincollege.ButwhenhegottograduateschoolattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,Choset’slabmateswereworkingonsomethingevencoolerthanremotelycontrolledcars:
roboticsnakes.Somerobotscanmoveonlyforward,backward,leftandright.Butsnakescantwist(扭曲)inmanydirectionsandtraveloveralotofdifferenttypesofterrain(地形).“Snakesarefarmoreinterestingthanthecars,”Chosetconcluded.
AfterhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon,Chosetandhiscolleaguestherebagandevelopingtheirownsnakerobots.Choset’steamprogrammedrobotstoperformthesamemovementsasrealsnakes,suchasslidingandinchingforward.Therobotsalsomovedinwaysthatsnakesusuallydon’t,suchasrolling.Choset’ssnakerobotscouldcrawl(爬行)throughthegrass,swiminapondandevenclimbaflagpole.
ButChosetwonderedifhissnakesmightbeusefulformedicineaswell.Forsomeheartsurgeries,thedoctorhastoopenapatient’schest,cuttingthroughthebreastbone.Recoveringfromthesesurgeriescanbeverypainful.Whatifthedoctorcouldperformtheoperationbyinsteadmakingasmallholeinthebodyandsendinginathinroboticsnake?
ChosetteamedupwithMarcoZenati,aheartsurgeonnowatHarvardMedicalSchool,toinvestigatetheidea.Zenatipracticedusingtherobotonaplasticmodelofthechestandtheytestedtherobotinpigs.
AcompanycalledMedroboticsinBostonisnowadaptingthetechnologytosurgeriesonpeople.
Evenafter15yearsofworkingwithhisteam'screations,"Istilldon'tgetboredofwatchingthemotionofmyrobots,"Chosetsays.
16.Chosetbegantobuildrobotsinhighschool.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
17.Snakerobotscouldmoveinonlyfourdirections.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
18.Chosetdidn’tbegindevelopinghisownsnakerobotsuntilhestartedworkingCarnegieMellon.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
19.Choset’ssnakerobotscouldmakemoremovementsthantheonesothersdeveloped.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
20.Theapplicationofathinroboticsnakemakesheartsurgerieslesstime-consuming.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
21.Zenatitestedtherobotonpeopleafterusingitinpigs.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
22.TherobotictechnologyforsurgeriesonpeoplehasbroughtahandsomeMedrobotics.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
BlackHoles
1 Blackholescanbebestdescribedasasortofvacuum,suckingupeverythinginspace.Scientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromanexplosionofhugestars.Starsthatareneardeathcannolongerburnduetolossoffuel,andbecauseitstemperaturecannolongercontrolthegravitational(重力的)force,hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar’ssurfaceuntilitsuddenlyexplodesthencollapses.
2 Blackholescomefromstarsthataremadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.Whentheseexplodeitcanturnintoastellar-mass(恒星质量)blackhole,whichcanonlyoccurifthestarislargeenough(shouldbebiggerthanthesun)fortheexplosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticie.Trytoseeandcompare:
ifastarthat’stentimesthesizeofthesunendupbeingablackholethat’snolongerthan70kilometers,thentheEarthwouldbecomeblackholethat’sonlyafractionofaninch!
3 Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,nevertobreakfree.Butrememberthatblackholescanonlygobbleup(吞噬)objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.It’spossibleforalargestarnearthesuntobecomeablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostayinplace.Orbits(轨道)donotchangebecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainsexactlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar,onlythisitsmassistotallycontractedthatitcanendupasnobiggerthanastate.
4 Sofar,astronomershavefiguredoutthatblackholesexistbecauseofAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Intheend,throughnumerousstudies,theyhavediscoveredthatblackholestrulyexist.Sinceblackholestraplightanddonotgiveofflight,itisnotpossibletodetectblackholesviaatelescope.Butastronomerscontinuetoexploregalaxies(银河系),spaceandthesolarsystemtounderstandhowblackholes.Itispossiblethatblackholescanexistformillionsofyears,andlatercontributefurtherprocessingalaxies,whichcaneventuallyleadtocreationofnewentities.Scientistsalsocreditblackholesashelpfulinlearninghowgalaxiesbegantoform.
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
第一篇 PuttingPlantstoWork
Usingthepowerofthesunisnothingnew.Peoplehavehadsolar-poweredcalculatorsandbuildingswithsolarpanels(太阳能电池板)fordecades.Butplantsaretherealexperts.They’vebeenusingsunlightasanenergysourceforbillionsofyears.
Cellsinthegreenleavesofplantsworkliketinyfactoriestoconvertsunlight,carbondioxide(二氧化碳),andwaterintosugarsandstarches(淀粉),storedenergythattheplantscanuse.Thisconversionprocessiscalledphotosynthesis(光合作用).Unfortunately,unlessyou’reaplant,it’sdifficultandexpensivetoconvertsunlightintostorableenergy.That’swhyscientistsaretakingacloserlookatexactlyhowplantsdoit.
Somescientistsaretryingtogetplants,orbiologicalcellsthatactlikeplants,toworkasverysmallphotosynthesispowerstations.Forexample,MariaGhirardioftheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratoryinGolden.Colo.,isworkingwithgreenalgae(水藻).She’stryingtotrickthemintoproducinghydrogeninsteadofsugarswhentheyperformphotosynthesis.Oncetheresearcherscangetthealgaeworkingefficiently,thehydrogenthattheyproducecouldbeusedtopowerfuelcellsincarsortogenerateelectricity.
Thealgaearegrowninnarrow-neckedglassbottlestoproducehydrogeninthelab.Duringphotosynthesis,plantsnormallymakesugarsorstarches.“Butundercertainconditions,alotofalgaeareabletousethesunlightenergynottostorestarch,buttomakehydrogen.”Ghirardisays.Forexample,algaewillproducehydrogeninanairfreeenvironment.It’stheoxygenintheairthatpreventsalgaefrommakinghydrogenmostofthetime.
Workinginanairfreeenvironment,however,isdifficult.It’snotapracticalwaytoproducecheapenergy.ButGhirardiandhercolleagueshavediscoveredthatbyremovingachemicalcalledsulfate(硫酸盐)fromtheenvironmentthatthealgaegrowin,theywillmakehydrogeninsteadofsugars,evenwhenairispresent.
Unfortunately,removingthesulfatealsomakesthealgae'scellsworkvery