定语从句.docx

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定语从句.docx

定语从句

第四讲定语从句

定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分,可理解为“…的”,用一个句子来修饰名词或代词,充当定语,就称为定语从句。

e.g.IstillremembertheschoolwhereItaughtEnglish.

构成定语从句的条件:

1、先行词:

即被从句所修饰的名词

2、关系词:

分为关系代词和关系副词,关系代词在从句中充当宾语时可省

3、关系词所指代的名词必须在从句中充当成分

e.g.Ivisitedthefactorywhichwasbuiltnearmyschool.

先行词关系词充当主语

一、关系代词的用法(红色部分抄在笔记本上,包括所有例句,明天查)

1、that代替先行词,在从句中充当主语或宾语(可省略),既指人也可指物

e.g.Heistheboythatoftengoestoschoolonfoot.

Thisisthebook(that)Iamreadingthesedays.

2、which代替先行词,在从句中充当主语或宾语(可省略),只能指物

e.g.IhavereadthenovelwhichwaswrittenbyLuXun.

Thisisthehouse(which)myfatherboughtlastyear.

3、who代替先行词,在从句中充当主语或宾语(可省略),只能指人

e.g.Heistheboywhooftengoestoschoolonfoot.

Thosearethevolunteers(who)thecommitteeselected.(少用)

4、whom代替先行词,在从句中只充当宾语(可省略),只能指人

e.g.Thosearethevolunteers(whom)thecommitteeselected.

5、whose当先行词与whose后面的名词为从属关系时用,既指人也可指物

e.g.Heboughtthehousewhosewindowsarebroken.

Iheardaboutthefatherwhosesonwasverynaughty.

以上句子也可用“,the+n.+of+which/whom”构成

e.g.Heboughtthehouse,thewindowsofwhicharebroken.

Iheardaboutthefather,thesonofwhomwasverynaughty.

6、but当主句中有否定词时(no,never…)用,且从句中用否定翻译

e.g.Thereisnoroadbuthasturnings.(没有不转弯的路)

7、than当主句中有比较级时(more…)用,且从句中的主语省略

e.g.Mymotherdidmoreworkthanisgoodforherhealth.

二、关系副词的用法

1、when代替先行词,在从句中充当时间状语

e.g.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedinBeijing.

比较:

Iwillneverforgetthedays_______wespenttogetherinBeijing.

2、where代替先行词,在从句中充当地点状语

e.g.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.

比较:

Thisisthefactory_________myfatheronceworkedin.

Thisisthefactory_________wevisitedthreeyearsago.

3、why代替先行词,在从句中充当原因状语

e.g.Couldyoutellmethereasonwhyyouvotedagainsthim?

比较:

Couldyoutellmethereason________youexplainedtothem?

三、介词+which/whom

有时也可以用介词加上which(指物)/whom(指人)引导定语从句,关键要找准从句中隐含的介词。

e.g.HeistheonlymantowhomIcanturnforhelpatpresent.

=Heistheonlyman(whom)Icanturntoforhelpatpresent.

Iwillneverforgetthedays_____________westayedinBeijing.

Iwillneverforgettheday_____________westayedinBeijing.

Thatismywriting__________Iamproud.

Thatismywriting__________Itakepride.

四、非限定性定语从句

当定语从句去掉时,不影响主句的含义,称为非限定性定语从句,注意两点:

1.不能用that引导2.从句前用逗号隔开

e.g.WeboughtalotofbooksandCDslastSaturday,whichsellverywellatthebeginningofthenewsemester.

五、几个注意的问题

1、只能用that的地方(指与which比较而言,做宾语时仍可省略)

(1)先行词是不定代词:

all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything

e.g.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(2)先行词被序数词或最高级或theonly/thevery/thenext/thesame修饰

e.g.Thisistheverypen(that)IlostlastSunday.

(3)先行词既有人又有物时

e.g.Ivisitedmyschoolandtheteachers(that)Ihaven’tseenforlong.

(4)句中已经有W.H..词

e.g.WhichisthebookthatwaswrittenbyLuxun?

(5)先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some修饰

e.g.Thereisnoroom(that)Icanfindtolivein.

(6)先行词在从句中作表语

e.g.Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.

(7)有一个关代为which,另一个用that

2、不能用that的地方

(1)前有介词时;注意:

inthat表示“因为,在于”,不是定语从句

(2)在非限定性从句中

e.g.Marywentintothehouseinwhichshefoundthelittleboy.

3、先行词为anyone,those时只能用who引导

e.g.Thosewhoplaywiththefirearesuretogetthemselvesburned.

4、与强调句的区别

e.g.ItwasonthetopofthemountainthatImetwithMary.()

Itwasthetopofthemountainwhere/onwhichImetwithher.()

5、与同位语从句的区别

e.g.Thatisthepromise(that/which)RosegaveJack.()

RosegaveJackthepromisethatshewouldliveon.()

6、注意Ithink/believe/suppose/know;theysay/know,theyclaim等插入语的干扰

e.g.Tomisthestudentwhotheyclaimcanwinthegame.(不能用whom)

7、当从句中已经有连词如but,and…时,不能再用关系词

e.g.Iboughtalotofbookslastnight,andmostofthemwerewrittenbyhim.

比较:

Iboughtalotofbookslastnight,mostofwhichwerewrittenbyhim.

8、几个具体情况

(1)theway做先行词,在从句中充当状语时,关系词用inwhich;that或省略

e.g.Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youtalktoyourmother.

(2)注意主句中有oneof…和theoneof…时,从句中谓语的单复数

e.g.HeisoneofthestudentswhoaregoingtovisitBeijing.(先行词为students)

Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswhoisgoingtovisitBeijing.(先行词为one)

但注意以下句子:

Oneoftheproblemshemetwithisthatheislackinginmoney.

(3)isthis/that+the+名词与isthis/that+名词的区别

e.g.Isthisthefactory(that)youvisitedlastyear?

Isthisfactorytheone(that)youvisitedlastyear?

→Thisfactoryistheone(that)youvisitedlastyear?

在后一种结构中,要先加上先行词theone,再判断从句中充当的成分

e.g.Isthatschool___________yourfatheroncetaughtEnglish?

(4)such/so…as;such/so…that何时用as,何时用that

e.g.Heissuchaniceboyaseveryonelikes.

前有such且从句中缺主语、宾语时用as,引导定语从句

Heissuchaniceboythateveryonelikeshim.

从句中不缺成分时用that,表“如此…以至于”,引导结果状语从句

(5)thesame…as//thesame…that何时用as,何时用that

都引导定语从句,相似的用as,同样的用that

e.g.Ilostmywayintheforest,soIwentbackonthesamewaythatIcame.

(6)as//which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

①as可放句首或句中,只能指代一句话的内容;

which只能放句中,既可指代一句话的内容,也可指代主句中的某物;

②as表相似性,可翻译为“正如…一样”;which表相关性

e.g.Aswehadexpected,hesucceededinpassingtheexam.

Hesucceededinpassingtheexam,aswehadexpected.

WeboughtalotofbookslastSaturday,whichsellverywellatpresent.

比较:

Hecuthisfingersthismorning,_________oftenhappenstohim.

Hecuthisfingersthismorning,_________madehismothersad.

③“众所周知”的表达方法:

Asweallknow;Asisknowntoall;

Itisknowntoallthat…;Whatisknowntoallisthat…

(7)what不能引导定语从句,也就是说,如果从句前有名词时,不能用what

e.g.Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.

Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.

可以这样理解:

what=先行词+关系代词

六、做题三步曲:

1、找到先行词;2、判断先行词在从句中充当的成分;3、确定关系词

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