定语从句.docx

1、定语从句第四讲 定语从句定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分，可理解为“的”，用一个句子来修饰名词或代词，充当定语，就称为定语从句。e.g. I still remember the school where I taught English.构成定语从句的条件：1、 先行词：即被从句所修饰的名词2、 关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在从句中充当宾语时可省3、 关系词所指代的名词必须在从句中充当成分e.g. I visited the factory which was built near my school. 先行词 关系词 充当主语一、关系代词的用法（红色部分抄在笔记本上，包括所有例句

2、，明天查）1、that 代替先行词，在从句中充当主语或宾语（可省略），既指人也可指物 e.g. He is the boy that often goes to school on foot. This is the book (that) I am reading these days.2、which 代替先行词，在从句中充当主语或宾语（可省略），只能指物 e.g. I have read the novel which was written by Lu Xun. This is the house (which) my father bought last year. 3、who 代替先

3、行词，在从句中充当主语或宾语（可省略），只能指人 e.g. He is the boy who often goes to school on foot. Those are the volunteers (who) the committee selected.（少用）4、whom代替先行词，在从句中只充当宾语（可省略），只能指人 e.g. Those are the volunteers (whom) the committee selected.5、whose 当先行词与whose后面的名词为从属关系时用, 既指人也可指物 e.g. He bought the house whose w

4、indows are broken. I heard about the father whose son was very naughty. 以上句子也可用 “, the +n. +of +which/ whom ”构成 e.g. He bought the house, the windows of which are broken. I heard about the father, the son of whom was very naughty.6、but 当主句中有否定词时(no, never)用，且从句中用否定翻译 e.g. There is no road but has tu

5、rnings. (没有不转弯的路)7、than当主句中有比较级时(more)用，且从句中的主语省略 e.g. My mother did more work than is good for her health.二、关系副词的用法1、when 代替先行词，在从句中充当时间状语 e.g. I will never forget the days when we stayed in Beijing. 比较：I will never forget the days _ we spent together in Beijing.2、where 代替先行词，在从句中充当地点状语 e.g. This i

6、s the factory where my father once worked. 比较：This is the factory _ my father once worked in. This is the factory _ we visited three years ago.3、why 代替先行词，在从句中充当原因状语 e.g. Could you tell me the reason why you voted against him? 比较：Could you tell me the reason _ you explained to them?三、 介词+which/whom有

7、时也可以用介词加上which（指物）/whom（指人）引导定语从句，关键要找准从句中隐含的介词。e.g. He is the only man to whom I can turn for help at present. = He is the only man (whom) I can turn to for help at present. I will never forget the days _ we stayed in Beijing. I will never forget the day _ we stayed in Beijing. That is my writing _

8、 I am proud. That is my writing _ I take pride.四、 非限定性定语从句当定语从句去掉时，不影响主句的含义，称为非限定性定语从句，注意两点：1. 不能用that引导 2. 从句前用逗号隔开e.g. We bought a lot of books and CDs last Saturday, which sell very well at the beginning of the new semester.五、 几个注意的问题1、只能用that的地方(指与which比较而言，做宾语时仍可省略)（1）先行词是不定代词：all, few, little,

9、 much, something, nothing, anything e.g. All that can be done has been done.（2）先行词被序数词或最高级或the only/the very/the next/the same修饰 e.g. This is the very pen (that) I lost last Sunday.（3）先行词既有人又有物时 e.g. I visited my school and the teachers (that) I havent seen for long.（4）句中已经有W.H.词 e.g. Which is the b

10、ook that was written by Luxun?（5）先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some修饰 e.g. There is no room (that) I can find to live in.（6）先行词在从句中作表语 e.g. He is not the man that he used to be.(7) 有一个关代为which,另一个用that 2、不能用that的地方(1) 前有介词时； 注意： in that表示“因为，在于”，不是定语从句(2) 在非限定性从句中 e.g. Mary went into the hou

11、se in which she found the little boy.3、先行词为anyone, those时只能用who引导 e.g. Those who play with the fire are sure to get themselves burned.4、与强调句的区别 e.g. It was on the top of the mountain that I met with Mary.( ) It was the top of the mountain where/ on which I met with her. ( )5、与同位语从句的区别e.g. That is th

12、e promise (that/which) Rose gave Jack.( )Rose gave Jack the promise that she would live on.（ ）6、注意I think/believe/suppose/know; they say/ know, they claim等插入语的干扰 e.g. Tom is the student who they claim can win the game. (不能用whom)7、当从句中已经有连词如but, and时，不能再用关系词 e.g. I bought a lot of books last night, a

13、nd most of them were written by him. 比较：I bought a lot of books last night, most of which were written by him.8、几个具体情况(1) the way 做先行词, 在从句中充当状语时，关系词用in which; that 或省略 e.g. I dont like the way ( in which/ that ) you talk to your mother.(2) 注意主句中有one of和the one of时，从句中谓语的单复数e.g. He is one of the stu

14、dents who are going to visit Beijing. (先行词为students)He is the (only) one of the students who is going to visit Beijing. (先行词为one)但注意以下句子：One of the problems he met with is that he is lacking in money.(3) is this/that+ the+ 名词与 is this/that+ 名词的区别 e.g. Is this the factory (that) you visited last year

15、? Is this factory the one (that) you visited last year? This factory is the one (that) you visited last year? 在后一种结构中，要先加上先行词the one, 再判断从句中充当的成分 e.g. Is that school _ your father once taught English?(4) such/so as ; such/sothat 何时用as, 何时用that e.g. He is such a nice boy as everyone likes. 前有such且从句中

16、缺主语、宾语时用as，引导定语从句 He is such a nice boy that everyone likes him. 从句中不缺成分时用that，表“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句(5) the same as / the same that 何时用as, 何时用that 都引导定语从句，相似的用as，同样的用that e.g. I lost my way in the forest, so I went back on the same way that I came.(6) as / which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 as可放句首或句中，只能指代一句话的内容；which只能

17、放句中，既可指代一句话的内容，也可指代主句中的某物； as 表相似性，可翻译为“正如一样”；which表相关性 e.g. As we had expected, he succeeded in passing the exam. He succeeded in passing the exam, as we had expected. We bought a lot of books last Saturday, which sell very well at present. 比较：He cut his fingers this morning, _ often happens to him

18、. He cut his fingers this morning, _ made his mother sad. “众所周知”的表达方法：As we all know; As is known to all; It is known to all that; What is known to all is that (7) what 不能引导定语从句，也就是说，如果从句前有名词时，不能用what e.g. He is no longer the man that he used to be. He is no longer what he used to be. 可以这样理解：what = 先行词+ 关系代词六、做题三步曲：1、找到先行词；2、判断先行词在从句中充当的成分；3、确定关系词