江苏省南京市学年度高三年级第一学期开学考试英语试题及答案.docx

江苏省南京市学年度高三年级第一学期开学考试英语试题及答案.docx

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江苏省南京市学年度高三年级第一学期开学考试英语试题及答案

南京市2020~2021学年度高三年级第一学期期初检测

英语试题2020.08

（满分：

150分，考试时间：

120分钟）

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

It'sgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.Theypay$5foracaramelbruleelattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks.

It'sundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions（性情），butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare,assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem,byobservingourownbehavior.Wecanbestrangerstoourselves.Ifweknewourownminds,whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior?

Ifourmindswereanopenbook,wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes.Actually,weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare.

Moreover,wedon'tjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter-weinfercharactersthatweren'ttherebefore.Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus,whichwefailtorecognize.Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidn't.Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus.Weshouldnotmistakenlybelieve

thatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition.

Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake,peoplebecomewhattheydo,thoughitmaynotbeincompliance（符合）withtheirtruedesires.Therefore,weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegut'sadvice:

"Wearewhatwepretendtobe,sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe."

21.Accordingtothepassage,personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto_

A.determineone'sbehaviorB.reflectone'staste

C.influenceone'ssurroundingsD.resultfromone'shabits

22.WhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewith?

A.Thereturnofawalletcanindicateone'shonesty.

B.Akindpersonwillofferhisseattotheold.

C.Onerecyclesplasticstoprotecttheenvironment.

D.Onebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee.

23.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage?

A.Wefailtorealizeourinnerdispositions.

B.Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures.

C.Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires.

D.Ourcharacterscanshapeoursocialrelationships.

24.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?

A.Personalitiesandattitudes.B.Preferencesandhabits.

C.Behaviorandpersonalities.D.Attitudesandpreferences.

B

Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest,thenext,theairwaschargedwithtension.Theelephanthadheardthedistantalarmcallsofanimalsandhermoodsuddenlychanged.lurgedtheelephantdeeperintotheforest.Wesoundedlikeaforestfire-crackling,snapping,trailblazing.Butthroughallthenoisecameasharpwarningcry.Theelephantstoppedandwehearditagain-thetell-talecallofaspotteddeer.

Ilookedquicklyaroundtheshadowsoftheforest.Raysofsunlightshonethroughtreebranches,beneathwhichthepatchwork（交错）ofgreenplantsandshadows-within-shadowswouldmaketigerstripes（条纹）lookmoreattractive.Apartfromanoccasionalnoisefromtheelephant'sstomach,theforestwassilent.

Gradually,thetensionslippedfromourbodies.Theelephantseizedanearbybranchandputitintohermouth.lreachedforwardandgentlymovedmyhandovertheelephant'sneck;therewasasoftpart,freeofwrinklesandhairs,behindherear.

ThiswasmyfourthtimetosensetheauraoftheforestinCorbett,althoughIsawnotigersintheend.LocatedatthefootoftheHimalayanmountains,Corbettishometoabout135Bengaltigers,buttheforestseemedtobeguardingtheirwhereabouts（出没处），asilentreminderoftheirsecrecyandrarity.Still,Iwashappyenoughtouchingtheelephantbehindtheear.IfIhadsodesperatelywantedtoseeatiger,lcouldhavegonetoazoo.Afterall,spottingtigersmerelyconfirmstheirbeauty;trackingthemcanmakeyouawareofsomethingmore.

25.Whichofthefollowingwasaclearsignalofalarm?

A.Theelephantstopped.B.Aspotteddeercalled.

C.Theelephantseizedabranch.D.Theforestwassilentforawhile.

26.Theauthorbeginshisaccountofthetourintheforestmainlyby.

A.describingvarioussoundsB.comparingdifferentanimals

C.listingdifferentactivitiesD.introducingvariousplants

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"tosensetheaura"mostprobablymean?

A.Toseethediversity.B.Toenjoythescenery.

C.Tofeeltheatmosphere.D.Toexperiencethefreedom.

28.HowdoestheauthorfeelafterseveralvisitstoCorbett?

A.SeeingaBengaltigerisquitethrilling.

B.Itisverytime-consumingtotravelinCorbett.

C.ItisreallyworthwhiletostudytheanimalsinCorbett.

D.TheprocessoffindingBengaltigersismostappealing.

C

Theideaofbeingabletowalkonwaterhaslonginterestedhumansgreatly.Sadly,biologicalfactspreventuseveraccomplishingsuchathingwithoutartificialaid-wesimplyweightoomuch,andallourmasspushesdownthroughourrelativelysmallfeet,resultinginalotofpressurethatmakesussink.

However,severaltypesofanimalscanwalkonwater.OneofthemostinterestingisthecommonbasiliskBasilicusbasilicus,alizard（蜥蜴）nativeoCentralandSouthAmerica.Itcanrunacrosswaterforadistanceofseveralmeters,avoidinggettingwetbyrapidlyhittingthewater'ssurfacewithitsfeet.Thelizardwilltakeasmanyas20stepspersecondtokeepmovingforward.Forhumanstodothis,we'dneedhugefeetthatwecouldbringuptoourearsinordertocreateadequate＂hitting."

Butfortunatelythereisanalternative:

cornflour.Byaddingenoughofthiscommonthickeningagenttowater（anditdoestakealot）,youcancreatea＂non-Newtonian"liquidthatdoesn'tbehavelikenormalwater.Now,ifthesurfaceofthewaterishithardenough,particles（粒子）inthewatergrouptogetherforamomenttomakethesurfacehard.Movequicklyenoughandputenoughforceintoeachstep,andyoureallycanwalkacrossthesurfaceofanadequatelythickliquidofcornflour.

Funthoughallthismaysound,it'sstillrathermessyandbetterreadaboutintheorythancarriedoutinpractice.Ifyoumustdoit,thenkeepthewaterwingshandyincaseyoustarttosink-andtakeashowerafterward!

29.Walkingonwaterhasn'tbecomearealitymainlybecausehumans.

A.arenotinterestedinitB.havebiologicallimitations

C.havenotinventedpropertoolsD.areafraidtomakeanattempt

30.WhatdoweknowaboutBasilicusbasilicusfromthepassage?

A.Itislightenoughtowalkonwater.

B.Itshugefeetenableittostayabovewater.

C.Itcanrunacrosswateratacertainspeed.

D.Itsuniqueskinkeepsitfromgettingwetinwater.

31.Whatisthefunctionofthecornflouraccordingtothepassage?

A.Tocreateathickliquid.B.Toturnthewaterintosolid.

C.Tohelptheliquidbehavenormally.D.Toenablethewatertomoverapidly.

32.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheideaofhumans'walkingonwater?

A.Itisriskybutbeneficial.B.Itisinterestingandworthtrying.

C.Itiscrazyandcannotbecomeareality.D.Itisimpracticalthoughtheoreticallypossible.

D

Therehavealwaysbeenalotofcommonlybelievedbutfalseideasaboutbeingfatanddoingexercise.Somepeoplebelievethattheycan'thelpputtingonweightastheygetolder,whileothersholdthatiftheystopexercising,theirmuscleswillturnintofat.Herearesomemoremyths:

I'llneverloseweight-Icomefromafatfamily

Wrong!

Whilewecan'tchangethebodytypewearebornwith,wecan'tblameourgenesformakingusfat.There'splentyofevidencethatfatnessrunsinfamilies,andthemainreasonisthattheysharethesamehabitsofeatingtoomuchandexercisingtoolittle.

IamfatbecauseIburncaloriesslowly

Wrong!

Fatnessisnotcausedbyaslowmetabolism（新陈代谢）。

Infact,althoughfatpeopleconsumemoreenergythanslimpeople,theyalsofailtorealizehowmuchtheyeat!

Keepingadiarycanhelpyouworkoutyourdailyfoodintakemoreaccurately.

Exerciseisboring

Wrong!

Anythingwillbecomeboringifyoudoitrepetitively.Thekeyistodevelopabalancedandvariedprogramthat'sfunaswellasprogressive.IfyouenjoyaSundaywalk,takeadifferentroute.Ifyoudoyoga,tryataichiclass.Ifyoulikeswimming,setyourselfadistanceortimechallenge.

Nopain,nogain

Wrong!

Exerciseisnotmeanttohurt.Indeed,painisyourbodytellingyousomething'swrong,andcontinuingtoexercisecouldleadtoseriousinjury.Youmayexperiencemilddiscomfortasyoubegintoexerciseregularly,butthisisyourbodyadaptingtothepositivechangesinyourlifestyleandtheachesshoulddisappearrelativelyquickly.Iftheydon't,restandseekmedicaladvice.

33.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutbeingfat?

A.Itisthefamilygenesthatmakepeoplefat.

B.Peoplearefatbecausetheyconsumetoolittleenergy.

C.Adiaryofexercisecanpreventpeoplefrombecomingfat.

D.Itistheconsequenceofpeople'sunbalancedlifestyle.

34.Accordingtotheauthor,howcanwemakeexercisemoreinteresting?

A.Bytakingvariedexercise.B.Bychoosingsimpleexercise.

C.Bydoingregularexercise.D.Bystickingtooutdoorexercise.

35.Whatistheauthor'sopinionabout"Nopain,nogain"inexercising?

A.Keepingfitisessentiallyapainfulexperience.

B.Exerciseshouldbestoppedifcontinuouspainisfelt.

C.Paininexerciseisapreconditionforreachingyourgoal.

D.Gettingusedtopainleadstopositivechangesinyourbody.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

W:

Hello,Jack.You'regettingreadyfortomorrow'slessons,aren'tyou?

M:

Yes,I'mabitnervous.36

W:

Iunderstandhowyou'refeeling.You'llmakealotoffriendsverysoon.

M:

Thankyou.I'lltrymybesttogetusedtomyne