高一英语倒装结构完成时中的暂转和延续被动语态的几种特例人教版知识精讲.docx
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高一英语倒装结构完成时中的暂转和延续被动语态的几种特例人教版知识精讲
高一英语倒装结构、完成时中的暂转和延续、被动语态的几种特例人教版
【本讲教育信息】
一.教学内容：
倒装结构、完成时中的暂转和延续、被动语态的几种特例
二.教学重难点：
掌握高中所需的基础知识（倒装，完成时和被动语态的注意事项）
（一）倒装，注意倒装句分为局部倒装和全部倒装两种。
1.疑问句。
如：
Willyoupleasegivemeahand?
Areyouateacher?
Whichonedoyoulikebetter?
Wheredoyoucomefrom?
2.so,neither/nor引起的倒装。
如：
Hecanswim.SocanI.
Hecan’tswim.Neither/NorcanI.
Heoftengoestoschoollate.Sodoesshe.
Henevereatsmeat.Neither/Nordoesshe.
Iwasveryangry,sowasI.
Iwasn’tdoingmyhomeworkatthattime.Neither/Norwashe.
3.一些表示地点的副词或介词词组开头的时候，要用到倒装。
如：
OutrushedTom.
Herecomesthebus.
Theregoesthebell.
Therearesomepeopleintheroom.
Thedooropenedandinrushedastranger.
Underthetreesataboy.
注意：
在此种倒装中，如果主语是代词（如：
he,she,it,they,we,you,I等），那么此句就不倒装。
如：
Outherushed.
Therehegoes.
Hereyouare.
Hereitis.
4.一些表示否定或频率等意义的副词开头的时候，要用到倒装。
这些副词主要有：
not,never,hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,notuntil,,hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,little,bynomeans,innoway等以及often,always等。
如：
Neverdidhethinkaboutothers.
Hardlycouldheunderstandwhattheteachersaid.
Seldom/Scarcely/Rarelydidshegoabroad.
Littledoesheknowaboutcomputer.
HardlyhadIrealizedwhenthetrainstarted.
NosoonerhadIrealizedthanthetrainstarted.
NotuntilIcamehomedidhegetup.
Oftendoeshegettoschoollate.
Alwaysdoesshespeakhighlyofherfather.
Bynomeans/Innowaycouldhegoaway.
5.以only或not…until…开头的句子，强调句子中状语时，要用到倒装。
如：
OnlyatthattimedidIknowthatIwaswrong.
Onlyinhisroomcanhehavearest.
Onlyinthiswaycouldheworkouttheproblem.
Onlythismorningdidhehearthebadnews.
NotuntilIgothomedidhefinishhishomework.
NotuntilIcalledhimdidhegetup.
6.引用话语时，说话人在内容之后，用倒装。
如：
“Thankyou!
”saidJim.
“Imuststudyhard.”ThoughtTom.
“Youmuststoptalking!
”shoutedtheteacher.
7.so…that…和notonly…butalso…中的倒装，当so和notonly提前的时候，这两个词所在的句子用倒装。
如：
Hegotupsolatethathecouldnotgettoschoolontime.
可改为：
Solatedidhegetupthathecouldnotgettoschoolontime.
Sheissoexitedthatshecan’thelpcrying.
可改为：
Soexcitedisshethatshecan’thelpcrying.
Henotonlygavehimsomemoneybutalsohelpedhimwithhiscrops.
可改为：
Notonlydidhegivehimsomemoneybutalsohehelpedhimwithhiscrops.
（二）完成时
1.现在完成时中的暂转动词与延续动词的相互转换：
（1）leave,go,come,getto/arrive/reach,stop,join
如：
Hehaslefthome.
Hehasbeenawayfromhomeforthreedays.
HehasgonetoAmerica.
HehasbeeninAmericaforthreedays.
Wehavegot/arrived/reachedhere.
Wehavebeenhereforayear.
Thecarhasstoppedhere.
Thecarhasbeenhereforanhour.
Hehasjoinedthearmy.
Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3months.
Hehasbeenamemberofthearmy/asoldierfor3months.
（2）begin/start,stop/finish/end,
如：
Thefilmhasbegun/started.
Thefilmhasbeenonforanhour.
Themeetinghasstopped/finished/ended.
Themeetinghasbeenoverforhalfanhour.
（3）buy,borrow,get,
如：
Ihavebought/borrowed/gotabasketball.
Ihavekept/hadthebasketballforamonth.
Howlonghashekept/hadtheTV?
（4）die,marry,getmarried,get/become/turn
如：
Hehasdied.
Hehasbeendeadsincetwoyearsago.
Hehasmarriedher.
Hehasbeenmarriedtohersincelastweek.
Theyhavegotmarried.
Theyhavebeenmarriedforaweek.
Thetreeshaveturnedgreen.
Thetreeshavebeengreenforamonth.
Hehasbecomeadoctor.
Hehasbeenadoctorsincehecamehere.
Ithasgothottoday.
Ithasbeenhotforamonth.
（5）暂转动词的否定式可以当作延续动词。
如：
Wehaven’tmeteachotherfortenyears.
Theboyhasn’tgotthebookforaweek.
Thegirlhasn’tseenafilmforamonth.
Hehasn’treturnedthebookforhalfamonth.
Wehaven’tstoppedworkingsincenineo’clockthismorning.
（6）现在完成时的一种表示“距…已有…时间”的句式：
“Itis/hasbeen…since…”
如：
Itis/hasbeentenyearssincehelefthome.
Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincewemetlasttime.
Itis/hasbeenayearsincehedied.
Itis/hasbeenanhoursincethefilmended.
（三）被动语态
1.do做宾补：
如：
Hemadetheworkerswork20hoursaday.
Theworkersweremadetowork20hoursaday.
Isawhimleavetheroomyesterday.
Hewasseentoleavetheroomyesterday.
Iheardhimsaythatclearly.
Hewasheardtosaythatclearly.
2.双宾语的被动语态：
如：
Wegavehimsomemoney.
Hewasgivensomemoney.
Somemoneywasgiventohim.
Heboughtacomputerforher.
Shewasboughtacomputer.
Acomputerwasboughtforher.
Hetoldusastory.
Weweretoldastory.
Astorywastoldtous.
Shesangtheguestsasong.
Theguestsweresungasong.
Asongwassungtotheguests.
3.宾语从句的被动语态：
如：
Hesaidthathewouldnotleaveuntilthenextyear.
Itwassaidthathewouldnotleaveuntilthenextyear.
Hewassaidnottoleaveuntilthenextyear.
Theteacherbelievedthatshehadfinishedherhomework.
Itwasbelievedthatshehadfinishedherhomework.
Shewasbelievedtohavefinishedherhomework.
Wethoughtthattheywerecleaningtheroom.
Itwasthoughtthattheywerecleaningtheroom.
Theywerethoughttobecleaningtheroom.
【典型例题分析】
[例1]______shecometoseeme.
A.OftenB.NeverC.AlwaysdoesD.Only
（答案为C，表示频率或否定及only副词提前用局部倒装）
[例2]______readingstories,butalsoshecouldevenwritesome.
A.NotsheonlyenjoyedB.Notonlysheenjoyed
C.NotonlydidsheenjoyD.Notshedidonlyenjoy
（答案为C，notonly…butalso…提前，用倒装）
[例3]______thatshecouldn’tsayaword.
A.SuchsadshewasB.Sosadwasshe
C.SuchsadshewasD.Sosadlyshewas
（答案为B，so…that…句式中so提前，so所在的句中用倒装）
[例4]Here______aletterandsomeapples______you.
A.are,toB.is,forC.are,forD.is,to
（答案B，herebe同therebe句式一样存在就近原则）
[例5]Look!
______.
A.HerecomesthebusB.Herethebuscomes
C.ThebuscomesthereD.Heredoesthebuscome
（答案为A，地点副词提前用全部倒装）
[例6]Onthetable______abookandtwopens.
A.thereareB.thereisC.arethereD.isthere
（答案为D，地点状语提前用倒装）
[例7]In______atallmanwhileIwasreadingabookinthelibrary.
A.didcomeB.comeC.cameD.comes
（答案为C，同上）
[例8]Attheendofthestreet______averytallbuilding.
A.standingB.standsC.doesstandD.stand
（答案为B，同上）
[例9]______hegothome______thegoodnews.
A.Onlywhen,heknewB.Onlyafter,heknew
C.Notuntil,didheknowD.Notuntil,heknew
（答案为C，not…until…及only提前的句式中，主句要用倒装）
[例10]Hardly______catchwhattheteachersaid.
A.hecanB.hecouldC.canheD.couldhe
（答案为D，否定副词提前用倒装，时态一致）
[例11]Little______abouthim.
A.weknowB.wedoknow
C.doweknowD.knowwe
（答案为C，同上）
[例12]Hecan’ttalkinacinema,nor______.
A.youcaneatB.youcan’teat
C.canyoueatD.eatyoucan
（答案为C，nor/neither表示“也不”倒装）
[例13]Nolonger______run.
A.IcanB.canIC.ID.doI
（答案为B，否定意义的词或词组提前用倒装）
[例14]______you______himrecently?
A.Did,seeB.Do,see
C.Have,seenD.Have,saw
（答案为C，现在完成时标志recently）
[例15]______you______yourwalletyet?
A.Did,findB.Do,find
C.Have,foundD.Have,find
（答案为C，现在完成时标志yet）
[例16]Thecity______manynewbuildingsintherecentfiveyears.
A.isbuildingB.builtC.hasbuildD.hasbuilt
（答案为D，现在完成时标志intherecent/last/pastfewyears）
[例17]Howmanystamps______you______bynow?
A.did,collectB.do,collect
C.have,collectedD.Have,collect
（答案C，现在完成时标志by…）
[例18]Theboy’sfather______homeforamonth.
A.hasleftB.hasgoneC.hasgotD.hasbeen
（答案为D，foramonth是现在完成时的延续动词标志）
[例19]They______Beijingforhalfayear.Theyarrivedherehalfayearago.
A.wereinB.arein
C.havebeentoD.havebeenin
（答案为D，forhalfayear是现在完成时的延续动词标志
注意：
havebeento是“到过”的意思属于暂转动词）
[例20]TheTVprogram______foranhouralready.Youneedn’tturnontheTVnow.
A.hasendedB.hasstopped
C.hasbeenoverD.hasbeenon
（答案为C，foranhour现在完成时延续动词的标志）
[例21]Themeeting______foranhournow.
A.hasbeenonB.wason
C.hasgotreadyD.hasbegun
（答案为A，foranhour现在完成时延续动词的标志）
[例22]He______thePartyforthirtyyears.
A.hasjoinedB.joined
C.hasbeenD.hasbeenamemberof
（答案为D，forthirtyyears现在完成时延续动词的标志）
[例23]Howlong______you______thisbook?
Youshouldreturnittothelibraryimmediately
A.did,borrowB.did,keep
C.have,borrowedD.have,kept
（答案为D，howlong提问现在完成时延续动词的标志）
[例24]Theman______twoyearsago.Andhe______fortwoyears.
A.died,hasdiedB.died,hasbeendead
C.hasdied,hasbeendeadD.hasdied,hasdied
（答案为B，fortwoyears现在完成时延续动词的标志）
[例25]He______ateacherforayear.
A.hasbecomeB.hasturned
C.becameD.hasbeen
（答案为D，forayear现在完成时延续动词的标志）
[例26]I______toAmericaforayear.
A.havebeenB.havegone
C.haven’tbeenD.haven’tgone
（答案为C，forayear现在完成时延续动词的标志）
[例27]Itistenyearssincethey______.
A.weremarriedB.gotmarried
C.hasgotmarriedD.hasbeenmarried
（答案为B，Itis/hasbeen…since…现在完成时句式后面从句中用过去时暂转动词表示起始点）
[例28]Ithasbeentwentyyearssincewe______lasttime.
A.havemetB.haven’tmet
C.metD.didn’tmeet
（答案为C，Itis/hasbeen…since…现在完成时句式后面从句中用过去时暂转动词表示起始点）
[例29]Thecar______byus.
A.keepswellB.iswellkept
C.wellkeptD.arewellkept
（答案为B，副词修饰done）
[例30]Hewasoftenheard______inthenextroom.
A.singB.tosing
C.singingD.sang
（答案为B，do做宾补的被动语态变todo）
[例31]Hewasheard______atthistimelastnight.
A.singB.tosing
C.singingD.sang
（答案C，doing做宾补的被动语态）
[例32]Thewholegarden_______.
A.makesbeautifulB.madebeautiful
C.ismadebeautifulD.aremadebeautiful
（答案为C，adj.做宾补的被动语态）
[例33]Thisdesk______inthatroom.
A.putB.puts
C.wasputD.isputting
（答案为C，prep.词组的被动语态）
[例34]Thebooksareuselessnow,theymust______.
A.throwawayB.awaythrow
C.bethrownawayD.throw
（答案为C，adv.做宾补的被动语
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