外国美术史Foreign art history.docx

外国美术史Foreign art history.docx

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外国美术史Foreignarthistory

外国美术史（Foreignarthistory）

I.artisticfeaturesofEgypt

1.Egyptianartwasbasedonlong,stable,prosperousrivervalleysandagriculture.

AP2.showstheloveofnature,thepublicconfidenceinlifeandcivilizationofpride.

AP3.ithasuniversalsocialfunction,theoverallperformanceofthehumanexistence,tomaintainsocialspirit.

Whichwasthe4.eternalartformoriginatedfromthelong-termstabilityofthesociety.

Whichwasthe5.solemnatmosphereinthesocialhierarchyandstablesocialandspiritualsystemandstable.

ThebrandofEgyptianartgrandandsolemnandmeticulous,gentle,solemnandbright,proudandhumble.

Two,thesourceofart=sculpture

Thetworivers,theNileValley,theIndiaRiverBasinandtheYangtzeRiverBasinintheYellowRiverarethefourgreatplacesofhumancivilization.TurkeyoriginatedintheTaurusMountainsontheeastsideoftheEuphratesandtheGriessRiver,fromthenorthwesttothesoutheastacrossIraqnowracingtogetherbridletobridle,andfinallyintothePersiangulf.TheplainsofMesopotamia,thelandofthetworivers（theGreeknameforthelandbetweentworivers）,wasthebirthplaceofearlyhumancivilization.TheancientAsiaislocatedintheMesopotamiaareainthenorth,northeastbytheZagrosMountains,southeasttotheJabuRiverastheborder,westofSyriagrassland.TheAssyriantermoccupiesthenorthernpartofMesopotamia,hassurrenderedtotheAkkadian,Sumeriangutium,theThirdDynastyofurandBabylonDynasty,untilafterthedeathofKingHammurabiin2006BCwascompletelyindependent.FromthetenthCenturyBCtotheendoftheseventhCenturyBC,theAssyrianperiod,alsoknownasthenewAssyrian,wasthenexpandedandgraduallybecameavastmilitaryempire.

ExploringthesourceofartofAssyriansculptureisanimportantbasisfortheinterpretationofAssyriansculpture."AssyriainSumerasRometoGreece,fromthesouthernMesopotamiaAssyriancivilizationachievements,butendowedwithpersonalityinterpretation,Suigeneris.Inaddition,withtheriseofthenorthernkingdomofAcard,Mesopotamiaartisticstylefromsimpleunadornedgraduallyturnedtorealism,thischangehasaprofoundimpactonthelaterAssyrianartincludingsculptureart.Similarly,therealisticBabylonartismorepreciseandrealistic,andtheharmonybetweenrealismandinterpretationbecomesoneofthecharacteristicsofBabylonart.BasedontheartisticfeaturesofBabylon,Assyrianarthasweakenedtheroughandconcisenature,emphasizedthedelicateandelegantcharm,andmadebreakthroughs.Inaddition,ancientEgyptianarthasprovidedalotofinspirationfortheartofAssyriansculptureintermsofform,languageandformofcomposition.

TheEgyptianpharaohpreachedbyreliefmuralsbytheSumerianartreliefpoliticalandmilitaryachievements,thekingofAssyriaisdifferentandflatter.TheAssyrianreliefusingaseriesofdetailedpictureoftheperformanceofthewarsituation,financialhistory,flatterandaestheticdecorationasawhole,toachieveahighdegreeofunityofhistory,politicsandartofthethree.Inaddition,inordertoshowthestatusandtheocraticrulers,AssyrianartistsfollowedancientMesopotamialaw,playtheoriginalaestheticthinkingandsymbolicimagerycharacteristics,boldtotheimageofthe"structure"combinedtodisplaytheircreativespirit.Acombinationofsymbols,parables,orimagesofavarietyofpowerfulobjectsreproducesthestatueofakinginAssyrianart.

AssyriansculptureisthedirectinheritanceofSumerianAcardBabylonart,andstillretainsthepristineartisticideaofprimitiveperiodinMesopotamia.Amongthem,theintegrityofprimitivethinkingisparticularlyprominentinAssyriansculpture.SargonIIpalacewingsGuardianbeastfiveleggedfoottoensuretheviewerfromwhateverangle,areabletoenjoytherealanimalcompletefigure.Inaddition,theAssyrianreliefsportraythecharactersinaperfectform,withbothhandsandlegshandledinaccordancewiththeprincipleofnonocclusion.TheAssyriansculptureartpursuesthefineandrealisticstylecharacteristic,ispreciselywiththiskindofsimpleintegrityestheticthoughtsamestrain.Thesculptureforstrivetoaccuratecharacterizationofmicrofiberrevealedthesymmetrydescription,thereasonablecompositiongivesthefigure,landscapeandplantsdepictobjectswithdignifieddeportment,reachedagrandWeilieffect.

Three.ArtofTantra

SwartisnowthenorthernSwartValleyregionofPakistan,anancientLuoLuo,whereBuddhismwasveryprosperous.BorninthisareaPadmasambhavainthemideighthCenturytotheTibetarea,PhilipBuddhismteachings,asTibetTantrawas.Tibetanshavealwaysregardedtheareaasasacredplaceforbuddhism.TheartofTantrawasalsospreadthroughoutTibet.ThehealthofTantricBuddhistart,canbesaidtobecharacteristicofworksofBuddhisminIndiaandGreece,RomecarvingartgeneratedbythecombinationoftheperformanceoftheBuddhamorethroughshoulderdressing,clothingfoldsanddowns,three-dimensionalsenseofstrong,clothinglinestotiltdownfromtheupperright,

Thelefthandgriphabituallyinacornerofthecoat,thehairwaswavyorspiralwater,coveredwithmeat,twilight,noseandforeheadline,concaveheadhighnose,thinlips,storagetwoleftupturnedmoustacheBodhisattva;wearskirt,bareupperbody,theupperpartofthebodyoftentakeoveraclothfromtheleftshouldertakeontherighthand,theneckisdecoratedwithcollar,necklace,LuoYingandotherobjects,physicalfitness,bodypostureisthickandshort,strong,youngmalewarrior,thehairisverythick,haircurlinghair,forhairbundles,middlesquareornamentsandlargerolls,Baozengbehindfourrootnodeintwoears,floatlikeabutterflyfluttering,haveearsearrings.Buddha,Bodhisattvaareconcentriccircularlightback,underthesquarepedestal,carvedaroundthepedestalfeedpeople,abouttwolions,arrangedinthemiddleoftheflowersandleavesofbottle.

KashmirwasamountainousregioninthenorthwestofHimalaya.InthelatetenthCentury,BuddhismwasrevivedinTibet,andtheartofBuddhistBuddhisminIndiawasalsointroducedintoTibetandhadextensiveinfluence.Theworkcharacteristicsofcharactersfacelong,eyelidsopen,pupilpointinthemiddle,likesomesurprised,bigeyesglazed,fullbody.TheBuddhawiththeleftshoulderbareupperbodyslightlylongcassock,Tongshenwithbrasscasting,smoothandbright,pedestalforms.TherepresentativeworkssuchaslampGufo,housetypepedestal,theleftandrightsidesofkneesfeedpeople,BuddhaassayingIndia,sereneairwarm,barerightshoulder,crackwithpleats,withconcavenaturalandsmooth,brightandsmooth,brasscasting,isararearttreasures.

Four.Artofhorseearth

GuptaistheancientIndiafollowingtheMauryanagainafteraunifiedempire,haddevelopedthestrengthandhighlydevelopedart.GuptaarthasimportantsignificanceinthehistoryofartinIndia,thefamousschools,oneafteranother,regardlessofarchitecture,sculptureorpainting,haveestablishedtheIndiaclassicalaestheticsandartisticstandard,sothisperiodiscalledthegoldenageofIndiaclassicalart.ThisperiodofsculptureofBuddhainthemostrepresentative,whichmasoilwaxandtwolocalSalanateBuddhaisthebest.

Five,theHellenisticperiod（theendofthefourthCenturyBC,adfirstCentury）

DuringtheHellenisticperiod,KingAlexanderofMacedoniadefeatedthecitystatesofGreeceandestablishedtheAlexanderempire.WiththecontinuousexpansionoftheEmpire,thespreadofGreekculturetotheEastandthecommunicationwiththeeasternculture,thisperiodisalsocalled"PanHellenicperiod"".

Duringthisperiod,themainachievementoffineartswassculpture,whichformeddifferentstyleswithdifferentregionsasthecenter.

Duringthisperiod,therepresentativeworksof"MiloAFloSitide","Laocoon"etc..

AnimportantpartofEuropeanclassicalart.TheperiodoftheRepublicandtheEmpirelasted10centuries.RomeartabsorbsGreekartachievements,AtaruJCaninheritedthetraditionalart,andarttomorepragmatic,inthecontentsidedrawhedonicsecularlifeagain,pursuitofmagnificentstyleinform,intheperformanceofindividualcharacters.Itsoutstandingachievementsaremainlyreflectedinarchitecture,portraitsculptureandmurals.

RomeistheconstructionofthearchstructureinsuccessionofEtruriaandlessonsofbeamandcolumnstructureandartmodelingofGreeceanddeveloped.TheRomansbuiltthecity,squares,bridges,theatres,baths,palaces,houses,TriumphalArchandsoonbymeansofmortarandconcretemadeofvolcanicash.Thesebuildingshavegreatlysurpassedtheirpredecessorsinscale,technologyandspacecomposition,andhavebecomethesymbolofRome'sempirewithitshugefigureandmagnificentstyle.RomearenaisthemidRomeEmpirebuiltRomearenabuiltinthetypical.ThePantheonisanoutstandingrepresentativeofthevault,amagnificentcircularhallwithadomeddomeatthetopandacircularwindowwithadiameterof9metersinthecenter.Allthestructuresareconcretepouring.Thefacadeofthetempleisrigorousinshape,largeininteriorspaceandmagnificentinarchitecturaldecoration.ItrepresentsthedesignandtechnicalleveloftheRomearchitectureatthattime.

TheimportantmemorialbuildingsofRomeEmpireincludetwoformsofTriumphalArchandcommemorativecolumn,whicharecreatedforthepropagandaofmartialarts.TriumphalArchisdividedintosinglecoupons,caveandthreecouponsholetypetwo.TheformerisrepresentedbyTriumphalArch,andthelatterbyArcodiCostantino.Botharedecoratedwit