外国美术史Foreign art history.docx

1、外国美术史Foreign art history外国美术史（Foreign art history）I. artistic features of Egypt1. Egyptian art was based on long, stable, prosperous river valleys and agriculture.AP 2. shows the love of nature, the public confidence in life and civilization of pride.AP 3. it has universal social function, the overa

2、ll performance of the human existence, to maintain social spirit.Which was the 4. eternal art form originated from the long-term stability of the society.Which was the 5. solemn atmosphere in the social hierarchy and stable social and spiritual system and stable.The brand of Egyptian art grand and s

3、olemn and meticulous, gentle, solemn and bright, proud and humble.Two, the source of art = sculptureThe two rivers, the Nile Valley, the India River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin in the Yellow River are the four great places of human civilization. Turkey originated in the Taurus Mountains on the

4、 east side of the Euphrates and the Griess River, from the northwest to the southeast across Iraq now racing together bridle to bridle, and finally into the Persian gulf. The plains of Mesopotamia, the land of the two rivers (the Greek name for the land between two rivers), was the birthplace of ear

5、ly human civilization. The ancient Asia is located in the Mesopotamia area in the north, northeast by the Zagros Mountains, southeast to the Jabu River as the border, west of Syria grassland. The Assyrian term occupies the northern part of Mesopotamia, has surrendered to the Akkadian, Sumerian gutiu

6、m, the Third Dynasty of ur and Babylon Dynasty, until after the death of King Hammurabi in 2006 BC was completely independent. From the tenth Century BC to the end of the seventh Century BC, the Assyrian period, also known as the new Assyrian, was then expanded and gradually became a vast military e

7、mpire.Exploring the source of art of Assyrian sculpture is an important basis for the interpretation of Assyrian sculpture. Assyria in Sumer as Rome to Greece, from the southern Mesopotamia Assyrian civilization achievements, but endowed with personality interpretation, Sui generis. In addition, wit

8、h the rise of the northern kingdom of Acard, Mesopotamia artistic style from simple unadorned gradually turned to realism, this change has a profound impact on the later Assyrian art including sculpture art. Similarly, the realistic Babylon art is more precise and realistic, and the harmony between

9、realism and interpretation becomes one of the characteristics of Babylon art. Based on the artistic features of Babylon, Assyrian art has weakened the rough and concise nature, emphasized the delicate and elegant charm, and made breakthroughs. In addition, ancient Egyptian art has provided a lot of

10、inspiration for the art of Assyrian sculpture in terms of form, language and form of composition.The Egyptian pharaoh preached by relief murals by the Sumerian art relief political and military achievements, the king of Assyria is different and flatter. The Assyrian relief using a series of detailed

11、 picture of the performance of the war situation, financial history, flatter and aesthetic decoration as a whole, to achieve a high degree of unity of history, politics and art of the three. In addition, in order to show the status and theocratic rulers, Assyrian artists followed ancient Mesopotamia

12、 law, play the original aesthetic thinking and symbolic imagery characteristics, bold to the image of the structure combined to display their creative spirit. A combination of symbols, parables, or images of a variety of powerful objects reproduces the statue of a king in Assyrian art.Assyrian sculp

13、ture is the direct inheritance of Sumerian Acard Babylon art, and still retains the pristine artistic idea of primitive period in Mesopotamia. Among them, the integrity of primitive thinking is particularly prominent in Assyrian sculpture. Sargon II palace wings Guardian beast five legged foot to en

14、sure the viewer from whatever angle, are able to enjoy the real animal complete figure. In addition, the Assyrian reliefs portray the characters in a perfect form, with both hands and legs handled in accordance with the principle of non occlusion. The Assyrian sculpture art pursues the fine and real

15、istic style characteristic, is precisely with this kind of simple integrity esthetic thought same strain. The sculpture for strive to accurate characterization of micro fiber revealed the symmetry description, the reasonable composition gives the figure, landscape and plants depict objects with dign

16、ified deportment, reached a grand Weili effect.Three. Art of TantraSwart is now the northern Swart Valley region of Pakistan, an ancient Luo Luo, where Buddhism was very prosperous. Born in this area Padmasambhava in the mid eighth Century to the Tibet area, Philip Buddhism teachings, as Tibet Tantr

17、a was. Tibetans have always regarded the area as a sacred place for buddhism. The art of Tantra was also spread throughout Tibet. The health of Tantric Buddhist art, can be said to be characteristic of works of Buddhism in India and Greece, Rome carving art generated by the combination of the perfor

18、mance of the Buddha more through shoulder dressing, clothing folds and downs, three-dimensional sense of strong, clothing lines to tilt down from the upper right,The left hand grip habitually in a corner of the coat, the hair was wavy or spiral water, covered with meat, twilight, nose and forehead l

19、ine, concave head high nose, thin lips, storage two left upturned moustache Bodhisattva; wear skirt, bare upper body, the upper part of the body often take over a cloth from the left shoulder take on the right hand, the neck is decorated with collar, necklace, Luo Ying and other objects, physical fi

20、tness, body posture is thick and short, strong, young male warrior, the hair is very thick, hair curling hair, for hair bundles, middle square ornaments and large rolls, Baozeng behind four root node in two ears, float like a butterfly fluttering, have ears earrings. Buddha, Bodhisattva are concentr

21、ic circular light back, under the square pedestal, carved around the pedestal feed people, about two lions, arranged in the middle of the flowers and leaves of bottle.Kashmir was a mountainous region in the northwest of Himalaya. In the late tenth Century, Buddhism was revived in Tibet, and the art

22、of Buddhist Buddhism in India was also introduced into Tibet and had extensive influence. The work characteristics of characters face long, eyelids open, pupil point in the middle, like some surprised, big eyes glazed, full body. The Buddha with the left shoulder bare upper body slightly long cassoc

23、k, Tongshen with brass casting, smooth and bright, pedestal forms. The representative works such as lamp Gufo, house type pedestal, the left and right sides of knees feed people, Buddha as saying India, serene air warm, bare right shoulder, crack with pleats, with concave natural and smooth, bright

24、and smooth, brass casting, is a rare art treasures.Four. Art of horse earthGupta is the ancient India following the Mauryan again after a unified empire, had developed the strength and highly developed art. Gupta art has important significance in the history of art in India, the famous schools, one

25、after another, regardless of architecture, sculpture or painting, have established the India classical aesthetics and artistic standard, so this period is called the golden age of India classical art. This period of sculpture of Buddha in the most representative, which ma soil wax and two local Sala

26、nate Buddha is the best.Five, the Hellenistic period (the end of the fourth Century BC, ad first Century)During the Hellenistic period, King Alexander of Macedonia defeated the city states of Greece and established the Alexander empire. With the continuous expansion of the Empire, the spread of Gree

27、k culture to the East and the communication with the eastern culture, this period is also called Pan Hellenic period.During this period, the main achievement of fine arts was sculpture, which formed different styles with different regions as the center.During this period, the representative works of

28、 Milo A Flo Siti de, Laocoon etc.An important part of European classical art. The period of the Republic and the Empire lasted 10 centuries. Rome art absorbs Greek art achievements, Ataru J Can inherited the traditional art, and art to more pragmatic, in the content side draw hedonic secular life ag

29、ain, pursuit of magnificent style in form, in the performance of individual characters. Its outstanding achievements are mainly reflected in architecture, portrait sculpture and murals.Rome is the construction of the arch structure in succession of Etruria and lessons of beam and column structure an

30、d art modeling of Greece and developed. The Romans built the city, squares, bridges, theatres, baths, palaces, houses, Triumphal Arch and so on by means of mortar and concrete made of volcanic ash. These buildings have greatly surpassed their predecessors in scale, technology and space composition,

31、and have become the symbol of Romes empire with its huge figure and magnificent style. Rome arena is the mid Rome Empire built Rome arena built in the typical. The Pantheon is an outstanding representative of the vault, a magnificent circular hall with a domed dome at the top and a circular window w

32、ith a diameter of 9 meters in the center. All the structures are concrete pouring. The facade of the temple is rigorous in shape, large in interior space and magnificent in architectural decoration. It represents the design and technical level of the Rome architecture at that time.The important memo

33、rial buildings of Rome Empire include two forms of Triumphal Arch and commemorative column, which are created for the propaganda of martial arts. Triumphal Arch is divided into single coupons, cave and three coupons hole type two. The former is represented by Triumphal Arch, and the latter by Arco di Costantino. Both are decorated wit