社会研究方法参考试题.docx

社会研究方法参考试题.docx

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社会研究方法参考试题

TheFollowingQuestionsIsInTheOrderoftheChapters（OnlyOneChoice）

▪Howdoindividualslearnalltheyneedtoknow?

A．personalexperience

B．Discovery

C．fromwhatotherstellus

D．allofthesechoices

▪Inyourdiscussionofmeasurementwithafriend,shearguesthatwhatyouaretryingtomeasuredoesnotexistandyourownpointofviewwilldeterminewhatyouperceiveinmeasuring.Shehaswhichviewofreality?

correct

premodern

modern

postmodern

Scientific

▪You'vegottenA'sonthelastthreetests.Youhavearesearchprojectduethelastdayofclassandyou’resureyou’regoingtoflunkbecausesomethinghastobreakthisstreakofgoodluck.You’vefallenpreyto:

▪illogicalreasoning.

▪inaccurateobservation.

▪selectiveobservation.

▪over-emphasisontradition.

▪overgeneralization.

▪Socialresearchaimstofind__________insociallife.

▪answers

▪knowledge

▪practicality

▪regularity

▪truth

▪ProfessorFremlerexaminedthefollowingcategoriesofmaritalstatus:

married,nevermarried,widowed,separated,anddivorced.Thesecategoriesareknownas

▪variables.

▪attributes.

▪variablecategories.

▪unitsofanalysis.

▪theoreticalelements.

▪Thetwofoundationsofscienceare

A.traditionandobservation.

B.observationandlogic.

C.logicandtheory.

D.theoryandobservation.

E.logicandgeneralization.

▪Science

A.dealswithwhatshouldbeandnotwithwhatis.

B.cansettledebatesonvalue.

C.isexclusivelydescriptive.

D.hastodowithdisprovingphilosophicalbeliefs.

E.hastodowithhowthingsareandwhy.

▪Whensocialscientistsstudyvariables,theyfocuson

A.attributes.

B.groups.

C.people.

D.characteristics.

E.relationships.

▪___________isthescienceofknowing.

A.intelligence

B.examtaking

C.epistemology

D.methodology

▪Whichofthefollowingaretrueoftraditionandauthority?

A.theybothassisthumaninquiry

B.theybothhinderhumaninquiry

C.bothaandb

D.noneofthesechoices

▪__________explanationsseektoexhausttheidiosyncraticcausesofaparticularconditionorevent.

A.idiographic

B.latent

C.manifest

D.nomothetic

Chapter2Paradigms,Theory,AndResearch

▪Whichofthefollowingdotheoriesseektoprovide?

A.personalexperience

B.discovery

C.correlations

D.logicalexplanations

▪___________arefundamentalframesofreference.

▪perspectives

▪theories

▪paradigms

▪methods

▪_______________canlendinsightsintothenatureofinteractionsinordinarysociallife.

▪symbolicinteractionism

▪conflicttheory

▪structuralfunctionalism

▪feministtheory

▪noneofthesechoices

▪__________is/aresystematicsetsofinterrelatedstatementsintendedtoexplainsomeaspectofsociallife.

E.answers

F.knowledge

G.practicality

H.theories

I.truth

Thethreemainelementsofthetraditionalmodelofscienceare

A.theory,operationalization,observation.

B.operationalization,hypothesistesting,theory.

C.observation,experimentation,operationalization.

D.theory,observation,hypothesistesting.

E.experimentation,hypothesistesting,theory.

Whichofthefollowingisthebestexampleofahypothesis?

A.Thegreaterthelevelofeducation,thegreaterthetoleranceforalternativelifestyles.

B.Socializationinchildhoodhasasignificantimpactonadolescentgender-roleidentity.

C.Therearemorefemalethanmalecollegestudents.

D.Religiosityequalsfrequencyofchurchattendanceandpraying.

E.Actionsarebasedonperceivedcostsandrewards.

▪Theparadigmthataccountsfortheimpactofeconomicconditionsonfamilystructuresis

A.symbolicinteractionism.

B.structuralfunctionalism.

C.positivism.

D.conflict.

E.Exchange

▪TheEthicsandPoliticsofSocialResearch

▪Whichconstraintsmustbeplacedonsocialresearchforittobeconsideredrealistic?

A.scientificconstraints

B.administrativeconstraints

C.ethicalconstraints

D.allofthesechoices

▪______________isanorminwhichsubjectsbasetheirvoluntaryparticipationinresearchprojectsonafullunderstandingofthepossiblerisksinvolved.

E.researchparticipation

F.theHawthorneeffect

G.informedconsent

H.thecodeofethics

I.noneofthesechoices

▪Thoughthenormofvoluntaryparticipationisimportant,itisoften:

J.justifiablyviolated

K.notreceived

L.impossibletofollow

M.allofthesechoices

▪Bothethicsandpoliticshingeon:

A.Idiographic（具体的）research

B.powerandresources

C.manifestresearch（显性化研究）

D.ideologicalpointsofview

▪Ethicsarenotaconsiderationinwhichoneofthefollowingfieldsofresearch?

Ordoethicsenterinallofthesefields?

A.naturalsciences

B.psychology

C.medical

D.sociology

E.ethicsenterinallofthem

▪Themajorjustificationthesocialscientisthasforrequestingparticipationinastudyisthat

A.itmayhelptherespondent.

B.itmayhelpallhumanity.

C.itmayhelpthesocialscientist.

D.itmayhelpgovernmentofficialsmakepolicydecisions.

E.itmayhelpimprovetheeducationalsystem.

▪ThecontroversysurroundingLaudHumphreys’studyofhomosexualssuggestshemostviolatedwhichofthefollowingethicalprinciples?

A.anonymityandconfidentiality

B.harmtosubjectsanddatareportingwithoutidentification

C.concealedidentityofresearcherandanonymity

D.value-freeinquiryandconcealedidentityofresearcher

E.harmtosubjects（受试者）andanonymity

▪Whichofthefollowingisnotadifferencebetweenethicalandpoliticalaspectsofsocialresearch?

Oraretheyalldifferences?

A.Ethicalconsiderationsaremoreobjectivethanpoliticalconsiderations.

B.Ethicalaspectsincludeaprofessionalcodeofethics,whereaspoliticalaspectsdonot.

C.Ethicsdealmorewithmethods,whereaspoliticalissuesdealwithsubstance.

D.Ethicalnormshavebeenestablished,whereaspoliticalnorms,forthemostpart,havenotbeenestablished.

E.Allaredifferences.

▪Scientificinquirycomesdownto:

A.makingobservations

B.interpretingwhatyou’veobserved

C.bothaandb

D.noneofthesechoices

▪A____________isanempiricalrelationshipbetweentwovariablessuchthatchangesinoneareassociatedwithchangesintheother.

▪nomotheticexplanation

▪regressionanalysis

▪correlation

▪spuriousrelationship

▪Socialresearcherstendtochoose___________astheirunitsofanalysis.

▪socialinteractions

▪socialartifacts

▪groups

▪individuals

▪Whichoftheseareamongthepurposesofresearch?

A.exploration

B.description

C.explanation

D.allofthesechoices

▪

▪Whatdosocialresearchersmeanwhentheysaythereisacausalrelationshipbetweeneducationandracialtolerance?

A.thereisastatisticalcorrelationbetweenthetwovariables

B.aperson’seducationalleveloccurredbeforetheircurrentleveloftolerance

C.thereisnothirdvariablethatcanexplainawaytheobservedcorrelation

D.allofthesechoices

E.noneofthesechoices

▪A_____________isprobabilisticandusuallyincomplete.

A.nomotheticexplanation

B.correlation

C.spuriousrelationship

D.theory

E.noneofthesechoices

▪A__________representsaconditionthat,ifpresent,guaranteestheeffectin.

A.hypothesis

B.sufficientcause

C.practicalissue

D.necessarycause

E.dependentvariable

▪Itistrulypossibletomeasurethestuffoflife.

A.True

B.False

▪___________referstomentalimages.

A.perspectives

B.theories

C.conception

D.methods

▪Thementalprocesswherebyfuzzyandimprecisenotionsaremademorespecificandpreciseiscalled______________.

A.construction

B.reification

C.conceptualization

D.noneofthesechoices

▪Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofnominalmeasures?

A.gender

B.religiousaffiliation

C.politicalpartyaffiliation

D.birthplace

E.allofthesechoices

▪_____________isthedegreetowhichameasurecoverstherangeofmeaningsincludedwithinaconcept.

A.constructvalidity

B.criterion-relatedvalidity

C.facevalidity

D.contentvalidity

▪Insocialresearch,theprocessofcomingtoanagreementaboutwhattermsmeanis______________.

A.hypotheses

B.conceptualization

C.guesses

D.variables

▪Whichofthefollowingrepresentthoseclassificationsofthingsthatscientistscanmeasure,accordingtoAbrahamKaplan?

A.directobservables

B.indirectobservables

C.constructs

D.allofthesechoices

▪The___________ofconceptsinscientificinquirydependsonnominalandoperationaldefinitions.

A.specification

B.interchangeability

C.functioning

D.network

E.noneofthesechoices

▪Alevelofmeasurementdescribingavariablewhoseattributesarerank-orderedandhaveequaldistancesbetweenadjacentattributesare________.

A.ratiomeasures

B.intervalmeasures

C.nominalmeasures

D.ordinalmeasures

▪Inordertoachievebroadcoverageofvariousdimensionsofaconcept,researchersneedtomake____________.

A.singleobservations

B.fieldresearchobservations

C.multipleobservations

D.noneofthesechoices

▪Whichofthefollowingarecommoncharacteristicssharedbybothindexesandscales?

E.bothareordinalmeasures

F.bothrank-orderunitsintermsofspecificvariables

G.botharecompositemeasures

H.allofthesechoices

▪Whichofthefollowingrepresentstepsintheconstructionofanindex?

I.selectingpossibleitems

J.examiningempiricalrelationships

K.scoringtheindex

L.allofthesechoices

▪Anempiricalrelationshipisestablishedwhenrespondents’answerstoonehelpus___________.

▪observeastatisticalcorrelationbetweenthetwovariables

▪determinetheircurrentleveloftolerance

▪explainawaytheobservedcorrelation

▪predicthowthey’llanswerothers

▪noneofthe