社会研究方法参考试题.docx

1、社会研究方法参考试题The Following Questions Is In The Order of the Chapters (Only One Choice) How do individuals learn all they need to know?Apersonal experienceBDiscoveryCfrom what others tell usDall of these choices In your discussion of measurement with a friend, she argues that what you are trying to meas

2、ure does not exist and your own point of view will determine what you perceive in measuring. She has which view of reality? correctpremodernmodernpostmodernScientific Youve gotten As on the last three tests. You have a research project due the last day of class and youre sure youre going to flunk be

3、cause something has to break this streak of good luck. Youve fallen prey to: illogical reasoning. inaccurate observation. selective observation. over-emphasis on tradition. overgeneralization. Social research aims to find _ in social life. answers knowledge practicality regularity truth Professor Fr

4、emler examined the following categories of marital status: married, never married, widowed, separated, and divorced. These categories are known as variables. attributes. variable categories. units of analysis. theoretical elements. The two foundations of science areA. tradition and observation.B. ob

5、servation and logic.C. logic and theory.D. theory and observation.E. logic and generalization. Science A. deals with what should be and not with what is.B. can settle debates on value.C. is exclusively descriptive.D. has to do with disproving philosophical beliefs.E. has to do with how things are an

6、d why. When social scientists study variables, they focus onA. attributes.B. groups.C. people.D. characteristics.E. relationships. _ is the science of knowing.A. intelligenceB. exam takingC. epistemologyD. methodology Which of the following are true of tradition and authority?A. they both assist hum

7、an inquiryB. they both hinder human inquiryC. both a and bD. none of these choices _ explanations seek to exhaust the idiosyncratic causes of a particular condition or event.A. idiographicB. latentC. manifestD. nomotheticChapter 2 Paradigms, Theory, And Research Which of the following do theories se

8、ek to provide?A. personal experienceB. discoveryC. correlationsD. logical explanations _ are fundamental frames of reference. perspectives theories paradigms methods _ can lend insights into the nature of interactions in ordinary social life. symbolic interactionism conflict theory structural functi

9、onalism feminist theory none of these choices _ is/are systematic sets of interrelated statements intended to explain some aspect of social life.E. answersF. knowledgeG. practicalityH. theoriesI. truth The three main elements of the traditional model of science are A. theory, operationalization, obs

10、ervation.B. operationalization, hypothesis testing, theory.C. observation, experimentation, operationalization.D. theory, observation, hypothesis testing.E. experimentation, hypothesis testing, theory. Which of the following is the best example of a hypothesis?A. The greater the level of education,

11、the greater the tolerance for alternative lifestyles.B. Socialization in childhood has a significant impact on adolescent gender-role identity.C. There are more female than male college students.D. Religiosity equals frequency of church attendance and praying.E. Actions are based on perceived costs

12、and rewards. The paradigm that accounts for the impact of economic conditions on family structures isA. symbolic interactionism.B. structural functionalism.C. positivism.D. conflict.E. Exchange The Ethics and Politics of Social Research Which constraints must be placed on social research for it to b

13、e considered realistic?A. scientific constraintsB. administrative constraintsC. ethical constraintsD. all of these choices _ is a norm in which subjects base their voluntary participation in research projects on a full understanding of the possible risks involved.E. research participationF. the Hawt

14、horne effectG. informed consentH. the code of ethicsI. none of these choices Though the norm of voluntary participation is important, it is often:J. justifiably violatedK. not receivedL. impossible to followM. all of these choices Both ethics and politics hinge on:A. Idiographic（具体的） researchB. powe

15、r and resourcesC. manifest research（显性化研究）D. ideological points of view Ethics are not a consideration in which one of the following fields of research? Or do ethics enter in all of these fields?A. natural sciencesB. psychologyC. medicalD. sociologyE. ethics enter in all of them The major justificat

16、ion the social scientist has for requesting participation in a study is thatA. it may help the respondent.B. it may help all humanity.C. it may help the social scientist.D. it may help government officials make policy decisions.E. it may help improve the educational system. The controversy surroundi

17、ng Laud Humphreys study of homosexuals suggests he most violated which of the following ethical principles?A. anonymity and confidentialityB. harm to subjects and data reporting without identificationC. concealed identity of researcher and anonymityD. value-free inquiry and concealed identity of res

18、earcherE. harm to subjects（受试者） and anonymity Which of the following is not a difference between ethical and political aspects of social research? Or are they all differences?A. Ethical considerations are more objective than political considerations.B. Ethical aspects include a professional code of

19、ethics, whereas political aspects do not.C. Ethics deal more with methods, whereas political issues deal with substance.D. Ethical norms have been established, whereas political norms, for the most part, have not been established.E. All are differences. Scientific inquiry comes down to:A. making obs

20、ervationsB. interpreting what youve observedC. both a and bD. none of these choices A _ is an empirical relationship between two variables such that changes in one are associated with changes in the other. nomothetic explanation regression analysis correlation spurious relationship Social researcher

21、s tend to choose_ as their units of analysis. social interactions social artifacts groups individuals Which of these are among the purposes of research?A. explorationB. descriptionC. explanationD. all of these choices What do social researchers mean when they say there is a causal relationship betwe

22、en education and racial tolerance?A. there is a statistical correlation between the two variablesB. a persons educational level occurred before their current level of toleranceC. there is no third variable that can explain away the observed correlationD. all of these choicesE. none of these choices

23、A _ is probabilistic and usually incomplete.A. nomothetic explanationB. correlationC. spurious relationshipD. theoryE. none of these choices A _ represents a condition that, if present, guarantees the effect in .A. hypothesisB. sufficient causeC. practical issueD. necessary causeE. dependent variabl

24、e It is truly possible to measure the stuff of life.A. True B. False _ refers to mental images.A. perspectivesB. theoriesC. conceptionD. methods The mental process whereby fuzzy and imprecise notions are made more specific and precise is called _.A. constructionB. reificationC. conceptualizationD. n

25、one of these choices Which of the following are examples of nominal measures?A. genderB. religious affiliationC. political party affiliationD. birthplaceE. all of these choices _ is the degree to which a measure covers the range of meanings included within a concept.A. construct validityB. criterion

26、-related validityC. face validityD. content validity In social research, the process of coming to an agreement about what terms mean is _.A. hypothesesB. conceptualizationC. guessesD. variables Which of the following represent those classifications of things that scientists can measure, according to

27、 Abraham Kaplan?A. direct observablesB. indirect observablesC. constructsD. all of these choices The _ of concepts in scientific inquiry depends on nominal and operational definitions.A. specificationB. interchangeabilityC. functioningD. networkE. none of these choices A level of measurement describ

28、ing a variable whose attributes are rank-ordered and have equal distances between adjacent attributes are _.A. ratio measuresB. interval measuresC. nominal measuresD. ordinal measures In order to achieve broad coverage of various dimensions of a concept, researchers need to make_.A. single observati

29、onsB. field research observationsC. multiple observationsD. none of these choices Which of the following are common characteristics shared by both indexes and scales?E. both are ordinal measuresF. both rank-order units in terms of specific variablesG. both are composite measuresH. all of these choic

30、es Which of the following represent steps in the construction of an index?I. selecting possible itemsJ. examining empirical relationshipsK. scoring the indexL. all of these choices An empirical relationship is established when respondents answers to one help us _. observe a statistical correlation between the two variables determine their current level of tolerance explain away the observed correlation predict how theyll answer other s none of the