埃及民法典.docx

埃及民法典.docx

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埃及民法典

THECIVILCODEOfTheArabRepublicOfEgypt

InCaseOfAnyDiscrepancy,TheArabicVersionOfThisLawShallPrevail

THECIVILCODE

PRELIMINARYCHAPTER

GENERALPROVISIONS

SectionILawsandtheirApplications

1.LawsandRight

Article1

Provisionsoflawsgovernallmatterstowhichtheseprovisionsapplyinletterorspirit.

Intheabsenceofaprovisionofalawthatisapplicable,theJudgewilldecideaccordingtocustomandintheabsenceofcustominaccordancewiththeprinciplesofMoslemLaw.Intheabsenceofsuchprinciples,theJudgewillapplytheprinciplesofnaturaljusticeandtherulesofequity.

Article2

Aprovisionofalawcanonlyberepealedbyasubsequentlawexpresslyprovidingforsuchrepeal,orcontainingaprovisioninconsistentwithaprovisionoftheformerlaworregulatinganewamatterpreviouslyregulatedbyaformerlaw.

Article3

PeriodsoflimitationwillbecalculatedaccordingtotheGregoriancalendar,unlessexpresslyprovidedotherwisebyalaw.

Article4

Apersonlegitimatelyexercisinghisrightsisnotresponsibleforprejudiceresultingthereby.

Article5

Theexerciseofarightisconsideredunlawfulinthefollowingcases:

a）ifthesoleaimthereofistoharmanotherperson;

b）ifthebenefititisdesiredtorealizeisoutofproportiontotheharmcausedtherebytoanotherperson;

c）ifthebenefititisdesiredtorealizeisunlawful.

2.TheApplicationofLaws

ConflictsofLawastoTime

Article6

Legislativeprovisionsasregardsthelegalcapacityofapersonareapplicabletoallpersonswhofulfilltheconditionsembodiedinsuchprovisions.

Whenaperson,whowasdeemedtopossesslegalcapacityinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofaformerlaw,becomeslegallyincapableinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofanewlaw,suchlegalincapacitydoesnotaffectthevalidityofactspreviouslydonebyhim.

Article7

Newlegislativeprovisionsasregardsprescriptionapplyfromsuchtimeastheycomeintoforceinallcasesinwhichtheperiodofprescriptionhasnotbeencompleted.

Formerlegislativeprovisionshowever,applyasregardsthedateofcommencementofprescription,itssuspensionanditsinterruptioninrespectoftheperiodpriortotheapplicationoftheprovisionsofthenewlaw.

Article8

Whenthenewlawprovidesforaperiodofprescriptionshorterthantheperiodprovidedforintheformerlaw,thenewperiodwillapplyfromthedatethenewlawcameintoforce,eveniftheoldperiodofprescriptionhasalreadycommencedtorun.

If,however,theremainingperiodstilltorunundertheformerlawisshorterthanthatfixedbythenewlaw,theprescriptionshallbecompletedupontheexpiryofsuchremainingperiod.

Article9

Proofestablishedinadvanceisgovernedbyprovisionsofthelawinforceatthetimewhentheproofwasestablishedoratthetimewhensuchproofshouldhavebeenestablished.

ConflictsofLawastoPlace

Article10

Egyptianlawwillruletodeterminethenatureofalegalrelationshipinordertoascertainthelawapplicableintheeventofaconflictbetweenvariouslawsinanyparticularsuit.

Article11

Thestatusandthelegalcapacityofpersonsaregovernedbythelawofthecountrytowhichtheybelongbyreasonoftheirnationality.If,however,inatransactionofapecuniarynature,concludedandhavingeffectinEgypt,oneofthepartiesisaforeignerwithoutlegalcapacityandsuchlackofcapacityisduetoareasonthatisnotapparentandwhichcannotbeeasilydetectedbytheotherparty,thisreasonhasnoeffectonhislegalcapacity.

Thelegalstatusofforeignjuristicpersonssuchascompanies,associations,foundations,orothers,issubjecttothelawoftheStateinwhoseterritorysuchjuristicpersonshaveestablishedtheiractualprincipalseatofmanagement.If,however,ajuristicpersoncarriesonitsprincipalactivitiesinEgypt,Egyptianlawwillbeapplied.

Article12

Thefundamentalconditionsrelatingtothevalidityofmarriagearegovernedbythe（national）lawofeachofthetwospouses.

Article13

Theeffectsofmarriage,includingitseffectsuponthepropertyofthespouses,areregulatedbythelawofthecountrytowhichthehusbandbelongsatthetimeofconclusionofthemarriage.

Repudiationofmarriageisgovernedbythelawofthecountrytowhichthehusbandbelongsatthetimeofrepudiation,whereasdivorceandseparationaregovernedbythelawofthecountrytowhichthehusbandbelongsatthetimeofthecommencementofthelegalproceedings.

Article14

If,inthecasesprovidedforinthetwoprecedingarticlesoneofthetwospousesisanEgyptianatthetimeoftheconclusionofthemarriage,Egyptianlawaloneshallapplyexceptasregardsthelegalcapacitytomarry.

Article15

Obligationsasregardspaymentofalimonytorelativesaregovernedbythe（national）lawofthepersonliableforsuchpayment.

Article16

The（national）lawofapersonwhoshouldbeprotectedshallapplyinrespectofallfundamentalmattersrelatingtonaturalandlegalguardianship,receivership,andotherformsofprotectionofpersonswithoutlegalcapacityandofabsentpersons.

Article17

Inheritances,willsandotherdispositionstakingeffectafterdeatharegovernedbythe（national）lawofthedecujus,thetestatororthepersondisposingofpropertyatdeath.

Theformofawill,however,isgovernedbythe（national）lawoftestatoratthetimethewillismade,orbythelawofthecountryinwhichthewillismade.Thesameprinciplesapplytotheformofotherdispositionstakingeffectafterdeath.

Article18

Possession,ownershipandotherrealrightsareregulated,asregardsimmovable,bythelawoftheplaceinwhichtheimmovableissituate,andasregardsmovables,bythelawoftheplacewherethemovablewassituateatthetimewhentheeventoccurredwhichresultedintheacquisitionorlossofpossession,ownershiporotherrealrights.

Article19

ContractualObligationsaregovernedbythelawofthedomicilewhensuchdomicileiscommontothecontractingparties,andintheabsenceofacommondomicilebythelawoftheplacewherethecontractwasconcluded.Theseprovisionsareapplicableunlessthepartiesagree,orthecircumstancesindicatethatitisintendedtoapplyanotherlaw.

Contractsrelatingtoimmovable,however,aregovernedbythelawoftheplaceinwhichtheimmovableissituated.

Article20

Contractsbetweenlivingpersonsaregovernedasregardstheirformbythelawofthecountryinwhichthecontractsareconcluded.Theymayalsobegovernedbythelawregulatingthebasicprovisionsofacontract,bythelawofthedomicileofthepartiesorbytheircommonnationallaw.

Article21

Non-contractualobligationsaregovernedbythelawoftheStateinwhoseterritorytheactthatgaverisetotheobligationtookplace.

When,however,theobligationarisesfromatort,theprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraphshallnotapplytoanactwhichoccurredabroadandwhich,althoughconsideredunlawfulinaccordancewiththelawofthecountryinwhichtheactoccurred,isconsideredlawfulinEgypt.

Article22

Principlesofcompetenceofcourtsandallquestionsofprocedurearegovernedbythelawofthecountryinwhichtheactionisbrought,orinwhichtheproceedingsaretaken.

Article23

TheprovisionsoftheprecedingarticlesonlyapplywhennoprovisionstothecontraryareincludedinaspeciallaworinanInternationalConventioninforceinEgypt.

Article24

Theprinciplesofprivateinternationallawapplyinthecaseofaconflictoflawsforwhichnoprovisionismadeintheprecedingarticles.

Article25

InthecaseofapersonofunknownnationalityorofapersonofpluralnationalitythelawtobeappliedwillbedecidedbytheJudge.

Egyptianlawshallapply,however,ifapersonisdeemedinEgypttobeofanEgyptiannationalityandisatthesametimedeemedbyoneormoreforeignstatestobeanationalofthatorthosestates.

Article26

When,inaccordancewiththeprecedingprovisions,itappearsthatthelawtobeappliedisthelawofastateinwhichseverallegalsystemsexist,thelawapplicableshallbedeterminedbytheinternallawofthatstate.

Article27

Inthecaseswhereaforeignlawisapplicableonlytheinternalprovisionsofsuchforeignlawshallapplytotheexclusionofprovisionsrelatingtoprivateinternationallaw.

Article28

TheprovisionsofaforeignlawapplicablebyvirtueoftheprecedingarticlesshallnotbeappliediftheseprovisionsarecontrarytopublicpolicyortomoralityinEgypt.

SectionIIPersons

1.Individuals

Article29

Legalpersonalitycommencesfromthetimeachildisbornaliveandendsatdeath.

Thelaw,however,determinestherightsofachildenventredesamere.

Article30

Birthanddeathareestablishedbymeansofofficialregistersspeciallykeptforthispurpose.

Intheabsenceofsuchproof,oriftheinaccuracyoftheentriesintheseregistersisestablished,proofmaybeestablishedbyanyothermeans.

Article31

Registersofanddeclarationsconnectedwithbirthsanddeathsareregulatedbyaspeciallaw.

Article32

Missingpersonandabsentpersonsaresubjecttoprovisionscontainedinspeciallaws;intheabsenceofsuchspeciallaws,Moslemlawwillbeapplied.

Article33

Egyptiannationalityisgovernedbyaspeciallaw.

Article34

Thefamilyofapersoniscomposedofhisrelatives.Personshavingacommonascendantaredeemedtoberelatives.

Article35

Directlinealrelationshipistherelationshipexistingbetweenascendantsanddescendants.

Collateralrelationshipistherelationshipexistingbetweenpersonswhohaveacommonascendantwithoutoneofthembeingadescendantoftheother.

Article36

Thedegreeofrelations