高中人教版英语必修五课本答案.docx

高中人教版英语必修五课本答案.docx

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高中人教版英语必修五课本答案

教材练习答案及听力原文

Unit1

WARMINGUP

Answers:

1Archimedes,AncientGreek（287-212BC）Hewasamathematician.Hefoundthatifyouputanobjectintowaterthewaterpushestheobjectup.Itrisesandpartlyfloats.Theforceofthewaterpushingitupisthesameastheweightoftheobject.

2CharlesDarwin,British（1808-1882）TheOriginofSpecieswaspublishedin1859.Itexplainedhowplantsandanimalshadchangedovertimetofitinwithachangingenvironment.Atthetimeitwaspublisheditwasverycontroversial.ManypeoplebelievedtheBiblewhenitsaidthatGodmadethefirsttwopeople（AdamandEve）andthatallotherpeoplecamefromthesetwo.Darwin'sbookshowedthatpeople

haddevelopedfromapesinstead.Sothiscausedalotofargumentbetweenreligiousandscientificpeople.HoweverDarwin'sideabecameveryinfluentialandisstillacceptedtoday.

3ThomasNewcomen,British（1663-1729）Heimprovedthefirststeampumpbuiltby

ThomasSaveryin1698andturneditintoasteamenginefortakingwateroutofminesin1712.JamesWattimproveditstillfurtherinthe1770sturningitintothefirstmodernsteamengineusedontherailways.

4GregorMendel,Czech（1822-1884）Hegrewpeaplantsanddevelopedideasonheredityandinheritedcharacteristics.Heconcentratedoncross-fertilisingpeaplantsandanalyzingtheresults.Between1856-1863hegrew28,000peaplants.Heexaminedseven

kindsofseedandplantcharacteristicsanddevelopedsomelawsofinheritance.Thefirstisthatinheritancefactorsdonotcombinebutarepassedtothenextgenerationintact.Second,hefoundthateachpartnergiveshalftheinheritedfactorstothe

young.Third,someofthesefactorsshowupintheoffspring（andsoaredominant）.Theotherfactorsaremaskedbythedominantones（andsoarerecessive）.

5MarieCurie,PolishandFrench（1867-1934）ShewasborninPolandandcametostudyinFrancein1891andshelivedtherefortherestofherlife.In1898shediscoveredradium.ShereceivedtwoNobelprizes,one（withPierreCurie）forphysics（1903）andoneforchemistry（1911）.Sheistheonlypersontohavebeensohonoured.OnthedeathofherhusbandshetookoverhisjobattheSorbonneinParis.Herworkonradioactivityandthediscoveryofradiummeantthatshebegananewscientificareaofresearch.ShewasthefirstwomantoreceiveaNobelPrizeandthefirstwomantoteachattheSorbonne.

6ThomasEdison,American（1847-1931）Hewasalreadyaninventorofotherelectricaldevices（phonograph,electriclightbulb）whenin1882hedesignedasystemforprovidingNewYorkwithelectricityfromacentralpowerstation.Thiswasatremendousachievement,whichhadpreviouslybeenthoughtimpossible.

7LeonardodaVinci,Italian（1452-1519）Hewasafamousartistwhoseskillforshowinghumanskintonesmadehispaintingsseemtocomealive.Heusedtostudydeadpeopleinordertomakehispaintingsasaccurateaspossibile.Someofhisfamouspaintingsinclude“TheAdorationoftheMagi”andthe“TheLastSupper”.LaterinhislifehelivedinFrancewherehedesignedasubmarineandaflyingmachine.

8SirHumphryDavy,British（1778-1829）Hedidresearchintodifferentgasesanddiscoveredthemedicinalvalueofnitrousoxide（orlaughinggas）asananaesthetic.

In1815hedevelopedasafetylampforminers.Previouslytherehadbeenmanyaccidentswhencandlesontheminers'helmetshadexplodedwhenitcameintocontact

withundergroundgasfromthecoaltheminersweredigging.Thesafetyhelmetmade

workingundergroundverymuchsafer.

9ZhangHeng,Chinese（78-139）Heinventedthefirstseismographtoindicateinthedirectionofanearthquake.Itwasintheshapeofacylinderwitheightdragonheadsroundthetop,eachwithaballinitsmouth.Aroundthebottomwereeightfrogsdirectlyunderadragon'shead.Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragon'smouth,makinganoise.

10StephenHawking,British（1942-）Hehasworkedinastronomyandstudiedblackholesinspace.Hehasshownthatblackholesdonotonlyabsorbeverythingaroundthembut,fromtimetotime,throwoutmatteraswell.Thismaymarkthebeginningofnewgalaxies.Thisisanadvanceontheoldtheorywhichsaidthatblackholes“eat”everythingtheycomeacross.

COMPREHENDING

AnswerkeyforExercise1:

1AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.

2JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.

3JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.

4JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.

5Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.

6Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.

7Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.

8KingCholerawasdefeated.

AnswerkeyforExercise2:

1JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater.

2No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythose

householdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.

3Threediseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARS,AIDSandbirdflu,becausetheyareserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.

SamplesummaryforExercise3:

JohnSnowwantedtofindthecauseofcholera.Hebelievedthatpeoplebecameillaftereatinginfectedfood.Heusedthenextoutbreakofcholeratotesthisidea.

Hestudiedasmallareaofhouseswhichgottheirwaterfromthesamepump.Manypeopleintheareadied.JohnSnowshowedthatthiswasbecausethewaterinthepumpwasinfected.Heshowedthatcholeracouldbedefeatedifpeopledrankcleanwater.

LEARNINGABOUTLANGUAGE

Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions

SuggestedanswerstoExercise1:

1victim2physician3analyse

4defeat5challenge6enquiry

7pump8blame9absorb

10link...to

AnswerkeyforExercise2:

1severe2suspected3exposed

4experts5cure6foresaw

7concluded8announced9attended

AnswerkeyforExercise3:

makeasuggestionmakeadecision

makeaplanmakeacontribution

makeaninvestigation

SomepossibleexamplesforExercise4:

1Theteacheraskedusnottomakefacesinclass.

2Itriedtomakefriendswithmyneighbourbuthewastoooldanddidnotwantto

talktome.

3Thebestwaytomakemoneyistostudyhardandgaingoodqualifications.

4Ididn'tlikethemtocollectmeintheircarsoImademywaytotherestaurant

onfootbymyself.

5I'mtootiredtomakedinner,soIdecidetoeatout.

6Beforeyoupayforthatnewcarmakesureithasaguarantee,whichwillprotect

youagainstanyproblemsduringthefirstyear.

7Don'tmakeupyourmindaboutbuyingthathousetillyouhaveseenafewmore.

8Whenyouleaveyourflatinthemorning,itlookstidierifyoumakethebedbeforeyougo.

9Ihavetriedtomakeroomforheronthatcoursebuttherearejusttoomanypeoplealreadyattendingit.

Discoveringusefulstructures

SomepossibleanswersforExercise1:

1...whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.（attribute）

2HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandle

fromthepump.（attribute）

3Hebecameinterestedintwotheories.（pre-

dicative）

4Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunder-

stood.（predicative）

AnswerkeyforExercise2:

1terrifiedpeople

1peopleterrifiedof（cholera）

2reservedseats

2seatsreservedby...

3pollutedwater

3waterpollutedby...

4acrowdedroom

4aroomcrowdedwith...

5apleasedwinner

5awinnerpleasedwith...

6astonishedchildren

6childrenastonishedat/by...

7abrokenvase7avasebrokenby...

8acloseddoor8adoorclosedby...

9thetiredaudience

9theaudiencetiredof...

10atrappedanimal10ananimaltrappedin/by...

AnswerkeyforExercise3:

1blamed/upset2tired

3disappointed

4shocked/depressed

5excited

6infected

USINGLANGUAGE

LISTENINGTEXT

AGREATCHINESESCIENTIST

FatheroftheChinesespaceprogramme

YuPing（YP）istalkingtoherfriendSteveSmith（SS）aboutQianXuesenandhisworkasarocketscientist.

Part1

YP:

Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup,Steve

SS:

Iwanttobeanastronomerandvisitsstars.IwishtovisitMarsoneday.

dliketobearocket

YP:

IthinkI'dliketoworkinthespaceindustrytoo.IscientistlikeQianXuesen.

SS:

Whatdidhehavetodotobecomearocketscientist

YP:

Well,hefirststudiedatuniversitytobeanengineer.LaterhewenttoAmericatostudyforhisdoctor'sdegree.Itwasthenhebegantoworkonrockets.

SS:

SoitwasluckyforourspaceprogrammethathecamebacktoChina.

YP:

Verymuchso.TherewasnoworkonspacerocketsinChinabeforehebeganhisinstitutetodesignandbuildrocketstogointospace.

Part2

SS:

Doyouthinkhewantedtotravelintospaceinoneofhisrockets

YP:

IhavenoideabutIbelievehelookedforwardtothefirstspaceflightbya

Chineseastronaut.

SS:

Yes.NowthatChinahassentsatellitesintospace.Ihopewe'llbethefirst

tolandonMars.ThatwouldreallybesomethingspecialandifIwerethatastronautIwouldputQianXuesen'spictureonMarstoshowhowmuchweadmirehiswork.

YP:

Indeed.HeisrightfullycalledthefatheroftheChinesespaceprogramme.He

ismyheroandheiswhyIwanttobearocketscientist.

SS:

Well,we'dbettergetonwithourhomework.Weneedgoodgradestogetintouniversity.

YP:

Rightyouare.Seeyou,then.

SS:

Seeyou.

AnswerkeyforExercise1:

Studentswillgivetheirownanswers.

AnswerkeyforExercise2:

MainIdea:

ItisabouttheroleofQianXueseninthede