高中人教版英语必修五课本答案.docx

1、高中人教版英语必修五课本答案教材练习答案及听力原文Unit 1WARMING UPAnswers:1Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-212 BC) He was a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object.2Cha

2、rles Darwin, British (1808-1882) The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. At the time it was published it was very controversial. Many people believed the Bible when it said that God made the first t

3、wo people (Adam and Eve) and that all other people came from these two. Darwin s book showed that peoplehad developed from apes instead. So this caused a lot of argument between religious and scientific people. However Darwin s idea became very influential and is still accepted today.3Thomas Newcome

4、n, British (1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built byThomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s turning it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.4Gregor Mendel, Czech (1

5、822-1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity and inherited characteristics. He concentrated on cross-fertilising pea plants and analyzing the results. Between 1856-1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. Heexamined sevenkinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inher

6、itance. The first is that inheritance factors do not combine but are passed to the next generation intact. Second, he found that each partner gives half the inherited factors to theyoung. Third, some of these factors show up in the offspring (and so are dominant). The other factors are masked by the

7、 dominant ones (and so are recessive).5Marie Curie, Polish and French (1867-1934) She was born in Poland and came to study in France in 1891 and she lived there for the rest of her life. In 1898 she discovered radium. She received two Nobel prizes, one (with Pierre Curie) for physics (1903) and one

8、for chemistry (1911). She is the only person to have been so honoured. On the death of her husband she took over his job at the Sorbonne in Paris. Her work on radioactivity and the discovery of radium meant that she began a new scientific area of research. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel

9、Prize and the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne.6Thomas Edison, American (1847-1931) He was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendo

10、us achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.7Leonardo da Vinci, Italian (1452-1519) He was a famous artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possibile. Some of hi

11、s famous paintings include “The Adoration of the Magi” and the “The Last Supper”. Later in his life he lived in France where he designed a submarine and a flying machine.8Sir Humphry Davy, British (1778-1829) He did research into different gases and discovered the medicinal value of nitrous oxide (o

12、r laughing gas) as an anaesthetic.In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners. Previously there had been many accidents when candles on the miners helmets had exploded when it came into contactwith underground gas from the coal the miners were digging. The safety helmet madeworking underground ver

13、y much safer.9Zhang Heng, Chinese (78-139) He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragon heads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragon s head. When

14、an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon s mouth, making a noise.10Stephen Hawking, British (1942-) He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well. This

15、 may mark the beginning of new galaxies. This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes “ eat ” everything t hey come across.COMPREHENDINGAnswer key for Exercise 1:1An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.2John Snow began to test two theories.3John Snow investigated two streets w

16、here the outbreak was very severe.4John Snow marked the deaths on a map.5He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.6He had the handle removed from the water pump.7He announced that the water carried the disease.8King Cholera was defeated.Answer key for Exercise 2:1John Snow finally pro

17、ved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify thosehouseholds that had had many deaths and check their wat

18、er-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3Three diseases, which are similar today, are SARS, AIDS and bird flu, because they are serious, have an unknown cause and need

19、 public health care to solve them.Sample summary for Exercise 3:John Snow wanted to find the cause of cholera. He believed that people became ill after eating infected food. He used the next outbreak of cholera to test his idea.He studied a small area of houses which got their water from the same pu

20、mp. Many people in the area died. John Snow showed that this was because the water in the pump was infected. He showed that cholera could be defeated if people drank clean water.LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGEDiscovering useful words and expressionsSuggested answers to Exercise 1:1victim 2 physician 3 analy

21、se4defeat 5 challenge 6 enquiry7 pump 8 blame 9 absorb10 link.toAnswer key for Exercise 2:1severe 2 suspected 3 exposed4 experts 5 cure 6 foresaw7 concluded 8 announced 9 attendedAnswer key for Exercise 3:make a suggestion make a decisionmake a plan make a contributionmake an investigationSome possi

22、ble examples for Exercise 4:1The teacher asked us not to make faces in class.2I tried to make friends with my neighbour but he was too old and did not want totalk to me.3The best way to make money is to study hard and gain good qualifications.4I didn t like them to collect me in their car so I made

23、my way to the restauranton foot by myself.5I m too tired to make dinner, so I decide to eat out.6Before you pay for that new car make sure it has a guarantee, which will protectyou against any problems during the first year.7Don t make up your mind about buying that house till you have seen a few mo

24、re.8Whenyou leave your flat in the morning, it looks tidier if you make the bed before you go.9I have tried to make room for her on that course but there are just too many people already attending it.Discovering useful structuresSome possible answers for Exercise 1:1.when he thought about helping or

25、dinary people exposed to cholera.(attribute)2He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handlefrom the pump.(attribute)3He became interested in two theories.(pre-dicative)4Neither its cause, nor its cure was under-stood.(predicative)Answer key for Exercise 2:1 terrified

26、people1 people terrified of (cholera)2 reserved seats2 seats reserved by.3 polluted water3 water polluted by.4 a crowded room4 a room crowded with.5 a pleased winner5 a winner pleased with.6 astonished children6 children astonished at/by.7 a broken vase 7 a vase broken by.8 a closed door 8 a door cl

27、osed by.9 the tired audience9 the audience tired of.10a trapped animal 10 an animal trapped in/by.Answer key for Exercise 3:1blamed/upset 2 tired3 disappointed4 shocked/depressed5 excited6 infectedUSING LANGUAGELISTENING TEXTA GREAT CHINESE SCIENTISTFather of the Chinese space programmeYu Ping (YP)

28、is talking to her friend Steve Smith (SS) about Qian Xuesen and his work as a rocket scientist.Part 1YP: What do you want to be when you grow up, SteveSS:I want to be an astronomer and visits stars. I wish to visit Mars one day.d like to be a rocketYP:I think I d like to work in the space industry t

29、oo. I scientist like Qian Xuesen.SS:What did he have to do to become a rocket scientistYP:Well, he first studied at university to be an engineer. Later he went to America to study for his doctor s degree. It was then he began to work on rockets.SS:So it was lucky for our space programme that he came

30、 back to China.YP:Very much so. There was no work on space rockets in China before he began his institute to design and build rockets to go into space.Part 2SS:Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of his rocketsYP:I have no idea but I believe he looked forward to the first space flight

31、 by aChinese astronaut.SS:Yes. Now that China has sent satellites into space. I hope we ll be the firstto land on Mars. That would really be something special and if I were that astronaut I would put Qian Xuesen s picture on Mars to show how much we admire his work.YP:Indeed. He is rightfully called

32、 the father of the Chinese space programme. Heis my hero and he is why I want to be a rocket scientist.SS:Well, we d better get on with our homework. We need good grades to get into university.YP:Right you are. See you, then.SS:See you.Answer key for Exercise 1:Students will give their own answers.Answer key for Exercise 2:Main Idea: It is about the role of Qian Xuesen in the de