届人教版必修2一轮复习Unit 2 The Olympic Games单元学案24页.docx

届人教版必修2一轮复习Unit 2 The Olympic Games单元学案24页.docx

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届人教版必修2一轮复习Unit2TheOlympicGames单元学案24页

2018届人教版必修2一轮复习：

Unit2TheOlympicGames单元学案

1单元话题阅读

Pausanias

TheGreektraveler,geographer,PausaniasfromMagnesia（115-180AD）,visitedSikyonaround150AD.Inhisbooksgivesnotonlyhispersonalobservationsonmonumentsofartandarchitecturebutalsotopographicalandhistoricalinformation,aswellthereligiouscultsandtheopinionofthenativesoftheplaceshevisited.Laterinhislife,hesettledinRome,wherehecomposedfromhisnotesthe"Periegesis"（TourofGreece）intenbooks.InbookIIdescribesCorinthandSikyon.Theaccuracyofhisdescriptionshasbeenprovedcorrect.

PausaniascametoSikyonfromCorinth.ClosetotheGateofthecity,hesawaspringwhosewaterwascomingfromtheroofofacave,theso-called"Stazousa"（drippingspring）.

Manysuggestionshavebeenmadeaboutthelocationofthespring.InouropinionthisplaceiswherethespringofMikriBrysiistodayandherearesomearguments:

Intheeasternplateautheyweretwopossibleentrances,asstillaretoday,thewayPausaniaswascoming.TheSacredGateandthewaytotheplateauarefromMikriBrysi.SincehedidnotenterfromtheSacredGate,whichhementionsonlylaterinhisdescription,theoneleftoughttobenearthespringofMikriBrysi,wherethereisapathstilltoday（SaintAthanasios）toascendtotheplateau.ThisexplainswhyhestartshisdescriptionfromtheHellenisticAcropolis.

Anyotherentrancemustberejected.ApossibleentranceofPausaniasfromthenorthwestsideoftheplateau,mustbedismissed,thereasonbeingtherearenospringsandcavesthere,secondhewouldhaveseentheStadium,whichhedoesnotmentionandthirditisanunnaturalentrancebecausePausaniaswascomingfromtheeast（Corinth）,notthewest.Anotherpossiblesiteforanentrance,agullyinthemiddleoftheeasternplateau,notexactlyinhisway,ithasalargecave,butitistoosteepanddifficulttoascendandifPausaniascamethroughhere,hewouldhadstarthisdescriptionfromtheAgoraandnotfromtheHellenisticAcropolis.

PausaniasbeginshisdescriptionfromtheHellenisticAcropoliswherehefindsthetempleofTycheAkraiaandalittlefurthertheDioscouroiTemple.Thestatuesofthembothweremadefromwood.

DescendingfromtheAcropolis,hecametotheTheaterandinthestagehesawastatueofAratos,sonofKleinias,holdingashield.

Fromthere,hevisitedthenearbyTempleofDionysoswhosestatuewasmadeofgoldandivoryandathissideswereBakchaiofwhitemarble.

Walkingtowardsthemarket,athisright,hesawtheruinedtempleofArtemisLimnaia,averyancienttemple.ThisisidentifiedtodaywiththeexcavatedruinsofatempleoppositetotheRomanbaths.ThenamegiventoArtemis"Limnaia"indicates,thatatthesetimestherewasabundantwaterontheplateau,asalsothedrainageoftheTheatersuggests.Diodorosconfirmsthis.

InasortdistancefromthetempleofArtemisandattheentranceinAgora,therewasthesanctuaryofPeitho,theso-calledlater"Phobos"place,whereApolloandArtemiscameafterkillingthePythonatDelphi.ThenexttoittemenosofRomanemperors,wasoncethehouseoftyrantKleon.

TheTempleofApollointhemarket,wheretheceremonyfromtheriverSythaswasended,hadbeenfoundedbyProetos,forthesakeofhisdaughtersrecoveringfrommadness.Insidethetempleinoldertimestheywerekeptvariouspreciousobjects.

Closeto"Phobos"placewastheHeroonofAratos.PausaniasnowwalkingthroughAgora,hesawtheAltarofIsthmianPoseidonandclosetoitthestatuesofZeusMeilichiosandArtemisPatroa,bothofthemmadesymbolically,ZeusintheshapeofpyramidandArtemisasacolumn.

Fromtherehewenttotheclose-byBouleuterion.Excavationstodayshowsus,thatitwasabigsquarebuilding（40mx41m）,havingsixteencolumnsintheinteriorforthesupportoftheroof.Atlatertimesitwasusedasbaths.

NexttoittherewasabigStoa,whichPausaniastellusthatwasadedicationbyKleisthenesfromtheplundersofthesacredwar.ThebuildingwhoseexcavationshavebeenmadedatesfromHellenistictimesandPausaniascan'tbecorrectunlessthebuildinghadbeenrebuild.Thedimensionsofthebuildingwere106mx6mandhad47Doriccolumnsandintheinterior24Ioniccolumns.Insideittheywere20roomsofsamesizewhichtheywereusedasshoppingstores.

ItwasnearherethattheenormousbronzestatueofZeuswasstandingmadebyLysipposandnexttoitagildedArtemisandclosetothemtheruinedfromfire,veryoldtempleofApolloLykeios.InsideitwaskeptthebarkofthelogwithwhichApollohelpedtheSikyonianstopoisonthewolves.ItwasalsoherethatthebronzestatuesofthedaughtersofProetoswerestanding.

ThelaststatuesPausaniasdescribesintheAgoraisthecolossalbronzeHerakles（Resting）madebyLysipposat320BC,attheageofseventyyearsoldandHermesAgoraios.

PausaniascontinueshisdescriptionbyvisitingtheGymnasiumofAgora's,inwhichanotherHeraklesmadebySkopasstood,nearbywasthesanctuaryofHerakleswhoseperivoloswasknownas"Paidizoi",aplaceforchildrentoplay.Heraklesstatuehadbeenmadefromwood,byLaphaesofPhleiousinveryancienttimes.

AlittlefurtherwasthesanctuaryofAsklepios,whosetemplecontainedthechryselephantinestatueoftheGodmadebyKalamisofSikyon.InsidethesanctuarytherewasalsoanothertemplesharedbyApolloKarneiosandHypnos,whoseonlyhisheadhadsurvivedatthistime.PausaniaswasunabletoseethestatueofApolloKarneiosbecauseitwasforbiddentoanyonetoenter,exceptpriests.

TherewasanothersanctuaryneartheAsklepios,thesanctuaryofAphrodite,whichalsocontainedachryselephantinestatueofthegoddessmadebyKanachosofSikyon.Itwasintheyardofthetemplethattherareplant"Paidairos"wasgrowingfromwhichthefamousgarlands"Iakchoi"weremade.PausaniaswastoldbytheSikyoniansthatitcouldgrowhereandnowhereelse.InsidethesanctuarywasalsoastatueofAntiopethemotherofAmphionandZethos,thesonofSikyoniankingEpopeos.

PausaniasascendingtotheGymnasiumofKleinias,onhisrightsawthesanctuaryofArtemisPheraia,thestatueofgoddessmadeofwoodhadbeenbroughtfromPheraiandintheGymnasiumthebustsofHeraklesandArtemis.

LastlyPausaniasmovedtowardstheSacredGatetotheeasternsiteoftheplateau,wherethemainpartoftheAncientAcropoliswas.ThefirstbuildinghevisitednearthegatewasthatofAthena,averylargetemple,whichhadbeenfoundedbyEpopeosandwhohadbeenburiedinthefrontofthealtar.Bythistimethetemplehadbeendestroyedandonlythealtarhadremained.

ClosetothegraveofEpopeoswerethe"ApotropaioiTheoi"（theavertersofmisfortunes）.TheneighboringsanctuaryofApolloandArtemiswasalsomadebyEpopeos.

ThenearthemsanctuaryofHerahadbeenmadebyAdrastos.Pausaniasdidnotseeanyimagesinbothofthem.BehindthesanctuaryofHerawasanaltartoPanandonetoHelios（Sun）madeofwhitemarble.

Pausaniasnowdescendedfromtheplateautotheslope,toseethesanctuaryofDemeterwhichhadbeenfoundedbyPlemnaeisasathank-offeringtothegoddessfortherearingofhisson.

HeascendedbacktotheplateauandnearthesanctuaryofHerasawthetempleofKarneianApollo.OnlythepillarswerestandingasalsointhetempleofHeraProdromia（HeraPioneer）whichwasfoundedbyPhalkes,sonofTemenos,whoassertedthatHeraguidehimontheroadtoSikyon.

FromherePausaniasleftthecityandtraveledtoTitane.

AnOlympicStory:

PhidippidesandtheOriginsoftheMarathon

ThecitiesofGreecewereatwarwithPersiaandintheyear490B.C.Greecewasnotasinglecountryatthattime,butratheracollectionofsometimes-hostilecity-states.City-statesincludeamaincityandtheareasurroundingthatcity.ThePersianArmyhadalreadycapturedanumberofGreekislandsandcontinueditsexpansion.HopingtotakeAthens,thePersianArmylandedalargeforceontheplainsofMarathon,justoutsidethecity,wheretheypreparedtheirattack.

TheAthenianArmywasgreatlyoutnumberedandtheyknewthattheywouldbeunabletosurvivethePersianattackwithouthelp.Indesperation,thegreatmessengerPhidippideswassenttothecityofSpartatoaskforhelp.Heissaidtohavetravelledthe250-kilometrecourseinonly36hours.Spartaagreedtohelp,buttheywouldbeunabletoarriveintimetosavetheAtheniansbecausetheSpartanswereobservingareligiousfestival.Theywouldarrivelongafterthebattlehadbeenfought.Phidippidesranback,another250-kilometres,toinformtheAtheniangeneralsofthenews.

ThedesperateAthenians,whowereoutnumberedfourtoone,organizedasurpriseattackonthePersianformations,andmanagedagainstalloddstodefeatthemanddriveawaytheirenemies.Asthelegendgoes,Phidippidesthenranmorethan40kilometresbacktoAthenstobringnewsoftheirvictory,anddiedashortwhilelaterfromexhaustion.ItisafterPhidippides?

finalrun,fromMarathontoAthens,thatthe41.3kilometreMarathonraceisnamed.

Phidippides

TheMarathoncourseofthe2004AthensParalympicGamesfollowedthesameroutethatPhidippidesissaidtohavetakeninancienttimes,andthissamecoursewastakenbyrunnersinthefirstmodernOlympicGamesin1896.

二单元基础知识回顾

Part1WarmingupandReading

Step1Thinkaboutthefollowingquestionsaboutcommonsense

1.Thefiveinterlocking（紧密相扣的）ringsstandforfriendshipoffivecontinents.Whatarethey?

_____________________________________________________Asia,Europe,Africa,America,Oceania

2.2008Olympicmascot_________________________________Fuwa

3.2008Olympicnationalstadium（体育场