高三英语中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试试题.docx
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高三英语中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试试题
2020年高三英语中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试(1月)试题
本试卷共150分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题3分,满分45分)
A
FouroftheOldestBuildingsintheWorld
KnapofHowar
OneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworldistheKnapofHowar,whichdatesbackto3700-3500BCE.Thefarmhouseisoneoftheoldest,still-standingstonehousesinEurope.Itincludestwostonehomeslinkedthroughahiddenpassageandjointwalls.ArchaeologistssayIrishorScottishmonkscouldbethefirstbuildersandresidentsoftheKnapofHowar.Althoughthehouseisstillstanding,theseabandonedplacesaroundtheworldarebettercandidatesforrestoration.
GgantijaTemples
TheMegalithicTemplesofMalta,ortheGgantijaTemples,datebackto3600to3200BCE.ThetwotemplesontheislandofMaltaareUNESCOWorldHeritagesites.It’soneoftheoldestfree-standingmonumentsintheworld.Archaeologiststhinkthetemplewasusedforritualanimalsacrifices.
Shunetel-Zebib
Shunetel-Zebibispartiallystanding,butmostlyinruins.It’sstill,however,oneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworld.TheEgyptiantemplebuiltin2750BCEisofmudandbrick.Ithasanundergroundtombaswellasanabove-groundcomplex.Architecturally,it’sanodtotheEgyptianpyramidssoontocome.
TombofCyrus
Builtin530BCE,theTombofCyrusisoneofIran’sWorldHeritageSitesandoneoftheoldestbuildingsontheplanet.It’salsobelievedtobeoneofthefirstearthquake-protectedstructuresintheworld,accordingtoAtlasObscura.Thebaseisolatingusedonthetombprotectsthemainstructurefrommovingapartfromthefoundation.
1.Whatdothefourbuildingshaveincommon?
A.AllofthemarelocatedinEurope.
B.Allofthemaremadeofstoneandmud.
C.AllofthemareUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.
D.AllofthemwerebuiltbeforethebirthofChrist.
2.Whichofthefourbuildingsmaybethestrongest?
A.KnapofHowar.B.GgantijaTemples.C.Shunetel-Zebib.D.TombofCyrus.
3.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Shunetel-Zebibisearthquakeprotected.
B.TombofCyrushasanundergroundtomb.
C.GgantijaTemplesarebuiltbyIrishmonks.
D.KnapofHowarmaybetheoldestbuildingamongthefour.
B
Inthesummerof2020,DeborahBarrettandherson,Anthony,walkedoutofarestaurantneartheEdmontonhighschoolfromwhichhe’dgraduatedtwoyearsearlier.TheyhadvolunteeredtowashdishestheretogiveAnthonysomethingtodo,butwhentheywentout,thesunslicedthroughthecloudsandDeborahhadarealization:
mykidisnotspendinghislifeinadishpit.
Cleaningplatesisn’ttheonlyoptionforhigh-schoolgraduates.ButAnthonyhasautism(自闭症)andismostlynon-verbal,asidefromshortwordsinanswertoyes-or-noquestionsandtheEeeeesoundshemakeswhenhe’sexcited,happyorfrustrated.Onceapersonwithintellectualdisabilitiesagesoutofschool,“There’snolifeforthem,”Deborahsays.Programsend,andjobsareusuallyhumble.
Ashersonenteredhis20s,Deborahthoughtaboutwhathecoulddoandwhatheenjoyed.Amonghislikes:
beingdrivenaroundandcarryingthings,aswellasseeingnewplacesbutnotstayinglong.Maybehecouldbeacourier?
Thecatch:
Anthonydoesn’tmovefast,andcourierjobswouldrequirehissupportstafftobehisdriverandco-worker.
Thatwasn’tanissueforMikeHamm.In2020,hebecameAnthony’snewassistantandembracedtheplanofspendingpartoftheirdaysdeliveringpackagesasateam.ThepaircalledtheirventureAnthonyatYourService,signedafewcustomersandsetoutinHamm’slorry.
Sevenyearslater,boxesawaitingdistributionarepiledontheporchofthehome.Anthony,30,shareswithDeborahandherhusband,David,alawyer.Thecompanynowhastwo-dozendeliveryteams-eachcomprisingacontractorwithanintellectualdisabilityandtheirsupport-workercontractor-inEdmontonandCalgary.
Launchingacompanythatemploys24contractorswithintellectualdisabilities,andallthelogisticsthatcomealongwiththat,wasn’ttheoriginalplan,Deborahsays.Buttherealitiesofdeliverywork-thepeaksandvalleysindemand,thelonghours-meantthatAnthonyandHammcouldn’tshouldertheloadalone.AndthefeedbackshereceivedfromAlberta’sautisticandintellectuallydisabledcommunitiessuggestedtheywantedtoworkforacompanythatunderstoodthem.
RunningAnthonyatYourServicehasbecomeDeborah’sfull-time,andshegaveupherpsychotherapypracticeandthepresidencyofAutismSocietyAlbertaacoupleyearsago.“WhatI’mdoingforAnthonynowhasmademoredifferenceinhislifethananyofthatotherwork,”shesays.“Wewanttocreatejobsforpeoplewithallkindsofabilitiesanddisabilities.”
4.What’sthefutureofthepersonswithintellectualdisabilitiesaccordingtoDeborah?
A.Theywilllosetheirlives.B.Theywillgetwell-paidjobs.
C.Theywillcleanplatesinrestaurants.D.Theywillfindithardtofindadecentjob.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courier”meaninthe3rdparagraph?
A.Accountant.B.Barber.C.Deliveryman.D.Engineer.
6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Davidlaunchedthecompanyforhisson.
B.Anthony’scontractorsaremainlydisabled.
C.Deborahgaveupheroriginaljobunwillingly.
D.MikeHammisanintellectuallydisabledperson.
7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDeborahBarrett?
A.Accessible.B.Caring.C.Humorous.D.Modest.
C
Jellyfishareunusualcreatures.They’reneitherfishnorjelly.Someareamongthemostcolourfulcreaturesintheworld,butit’sbesttolookbutnottouchtheseinvertebrates(无脊椎动物).Notonlyaretheyveryfragilecreatures,butmanygiveapainfulsting,andsomeareevendeadly.Whetheryouadmiretheminanaquariumortrytoavoidtheminthewild,youwon’tbeabletogetthesefascinatingjellyfishfactsoutofyourhead.
Here’sajellyfishfactthatmightcomeinhandy:
Thereareseveralnamesforagroupofjellyfish.Theyincludesmack,bloom,andswarm.Choosethewordyoupreferdependingonwhetheryouthinkthejellyfishpacklookslikeagardenofbloomingflowersormorelikeafrighteningpackofstingers,andwhetheryou’readmiringthematanaquariumorifyouandyourfellowsnorkelersaresurrounded.
Jellyfishhavetwomainformsintheirlifecyclethatlookquitedifferentfromeachother.ScientificAmericanexplainsthatanadultjellyfish,calledamedusa,hasabell-shapedbodywithtentacles(触须)flowingdownbelowit.Youngjellyfish,calledpolyps,lookmorelikeseaanemones,withshortertentaclesthatflowupabovethemainbody.Medusasreproducebyreleasingeggs.
MelanieRoberts,SeniorAquaristatSeaWorldOrlando,saysthatthelargestjellyfishintheworldisalion’smanejellyfish.Thebodyofthisbeautifulorangejellycangrowuptothreefeetindiameter.Withits12,000tentaclesthatcangrow120feetlong,Oceana.orgaddsthatthelion’smanejellycomparesinsizetotheplanet’slargestanimal:
thebluewhale.
Regardlessoftheirsize,jellyfisharemostlymadeofwater.Infact,they’reabout95percentwater.Thesecreaturesdon’thavebrains,blood,orbones.Andmostjellyfishdon’thaveeyes.Jellyfishalsousetheirmouthsbothforeatingandforwasteremoval.
8.Whycan’twetouchjellyfish?
A.Becausetheymaybestung.B.Becausetheymaydieeasily.
C.Becausetheymayfeelpainful.D.Becausetheymayhurtpeople.
9.Whatarejellyfishnamedafter?
A.Itssize.B.Itscolor.C.Itsappearance.D.Itslifestyle.
10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Mouthisanimportantorganforjellyfish.
B.Polypscanclonethemselvesbylayingeggs.
C.Thelargestjellyfishintheworldis120feetlong.
D.Medusashavetentaclesflowingupabovethebody.
11.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.Severalfactsaboutjellyfish.B.Thetwomainformsofjellyfish.
C.Jellyfishareneitherfishnorjelly.D.Jellyfishhavemanydifferentnames.
D
Anytimeweburnfossilfuels,we’repumpingfineparticulatematter(细颗粒物)fromoil,gasandothertoxins(毒素)intotheair.“Someofthesecarbonparticlescanpersistinthelungsfordecades,”saysDr.DonSin,arespirologistanddirectoroftheCentreforHeartLungInnovationinVancouver.
Over7,000Canadiansdiedfromcomplicationsduetopoorairqualityin2020.AstudyintheEuropeanHeartJournalearlierthisyearfoundthatairpollutionnowkills8.8millionpeopleworldwideperyear-morethantobaccosmoking.
Sinaddsthatwomen’slungsseemparticularlyeasytogetcancerfrompollution.Currently,10,000Canadianwomendieoflungcancereveryyear,and15percentofnewcasesarepeoplewhohaveneversmoked.“InCanada,lung-cancerdeathsinfemalenon-smokerswillverysoonprobablyoutnumberthedeathsfrombreastcancer,becauselungcancerissodeadly,”hesays.
Contributingtoairpollutionarethe8,000wildfiresweexperienceeveryyearinCanada,likethosethatdestroyedlargeareasofAlbertathispastspring.Theseareincreasinginfrequencyandintensitywithourhotter,drierspells.AstudyintheCanadianJournalofEmergencyMedicinefoundthatprescriptionsforanasthmaandCOPDdrugroseby22percentintheYellowkniferegioninthesummerof2020,whenitwassurroundedbywildfiresmoke.ThenumberofERvisitsforbreathingproblemswas42percenthigher;forchildren,itmorethandoubled.
Anotherthreattobreathingismould,whichisaconcerninareaswithrepeatedflooding,suchasaroundNewBrunswick’sSaintJohnRiver,wherefloodwatershavebeeninhomesfortwoyearsinarowanddisplacedmorethan200families.Mouldsproducetoxinsandsporesthatcantriggerallergicreactionsorinfectionsiftakenin.Risingsealevelsandincreasedurbandevelopment,combinedwithint