CIF术语与FOB术语的比较和运用论文全英.docx

CIF术语与FOB术语的比较和运用论文全英.docx

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CIF术语与FOB术语的比较和运用论文全英

毕业论文设计

课题名称:

ComparisonBetweenCIFTermAndFOBTerm

学生姓名：

Jacquelinechan

学生学号：

XXXXXX

系别：

外语系

专业：

商务英语

年级：

XXXXX

层次：

大学本科

指导老师：

XXX

设计日期：

20103月

ComparisonBetweenCIFTermAndFOBTerm

Abstract

Nowadaystradetermshaveplayanimportantroleintheinternationaltradeaffairs.Thereisastrongbondamongthetermsagreeduponbothsidesandtheresponsibilitiesbetweentwotradingpartners.ThenCIFtradetermandFOBtradetermisadoptedandsupportedbyinternationalmerchantsmoreandmorepopularinrecently.ThisthesiswillintroducesomecorrespondingfunctionsandresponsibilitiesofCIFtermandFOBtermindetailsandtherewillbeacomparisonbetweenFOBtermandCIFtermaccordingtotheinternationalsituation.

Keywords:

International.tradeaffairs.tradeterms.CIF.FOB

中文摘要

现今贸易术语在国际贸易实务中扮演着极其重要的角色，它紧密联系着双方贸易的条件与责任。

而CIF术语和FOB术语在近期受到了越来越多国际贸易商家的采用和支持，本论文将对CIF和FOB术语的对应功能与责任作一个详细的介绍并结合当今世界发展形势对两者作相关比较。

关键词：

国际贸易实务贸易术语CIF术语FOB术语

Catalog

1.Introduction

1.1tradeterms

2.FOBtermandCIFterm

2.1WhatisFOB

2.2WhatisCIF

2.3TheresponsibilitybothtwopartiesunderFOBtermandCIFterm

3.ComparingwithFOBtermandCIFterm,studyhowtochoosetheappropriatetradetermsininternationaltradeaffairs.

3.1Aboutcharges

3.2Abouttherightofbookingspace

3.3Aboutinsurance

3.4Aboutdeliverytypes

3.5Aboutrisk

3.6HowtochooseCIFtermandFOBterm

3.61Fromtheperspectiveofexportation

3.62Fromtheperspectiveofimportation

3.63Nowadaysthetrendininternationaltrade

4.Concultion

1.Introduction

1.1tradeterms

Firstofall,gettingagoodunderstandingoftradetermsIsveryimportantforpeopletoreadthisthesismoreclearly.SonowIwillintroducesomethingabouttradeterms.Ininternationaltrade,pricetermliesatthecoreofthetermsandconditionsofacontractandoftenresultsinsomeofthekeyproblemforwhichanexporterandanimporterhavetostrive.What’smore,sendinggoodsfromonecountrytoanother,aspartofacommercialtransaction,canbeariskybusiness.Iftheyarelostordamaged,orifdeliverydoesnottakeplaceforsomeotherreasons,theclimateofconfidencebetweenthepartiesmaydegeneratetothepointwherealawsuitisbrought.Thus,thepricingproblemanexporterandanimporterdealwithisfarmorecomplicatedthanthatindomestictrade.Besidesthecostcoveredinthecalculationofexportprice,thepricequotationinexporttradeshouldalsoindicatewhichpartyistobeartheexpensesoffreightage,insuranceandotherrelevantcharges,andwhichpartyistobeartherisksincaseofthegoodsbeingdamaged.Inordertocompletetheirdealssuccessfully,thesellersandthebuyersininternationalcontractshadbetter,attheverybeginningofthedeal,makecleartoeachothertheirrespectiveobligationsandfindthefullexpressionofthoseinthetradeterms.Thereisnodoubtthatundernocircumstancecanabuyergetaquotationwithouttradetermsininternationaltrade.Tradetermsareshorttermsandabbreviationswhichareusedtoexplainthepricecomposition,todefinethemethodofdeliveryofthegoodssold,toindicatewhichpartybearsthefreight,insuranceandotherrelevantcharges,andassumetheliabilityincasedamageorlossofthegoodsoccurs.Tradetermsensurebothexporterandimporterknowtheirownresponsibility.Inforeigntrade,therearevariouspricesforthesamecommodity.Grantingthatthecostofacertaincommodityisthesameex-factory,thepricesquotedbythesellerwillvarywiththepointofdelivery.Forexample,inthecaseofacontractbasedonCIFtermsas“CIFLondon”statedabove,thatmeansthesellerbearsallthecost,frightandinsuranceuptothenamedportofdestination,here,“London”

2.FOBtermandCIFterm

2.1WhatisFOB

Asoneoftheimportanttradeterms.FOBtermisfrequentlyusedininternationaltrade.Thusitisquitenecessarytoknowtheexactmeaningofit.AccordingtoIncoterms2000,wecanknowthatFOBisshortforFreeonBoard.Itstipulatesthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavepassedovertheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Atthesametime,thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetogoodsfromthatpoint.TheFOBtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanonlybeusedforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.

2.2WhatisCIF

AccordingtoIncoterms2000.CIFisshortforCost,InsuranceandFreight.Thatmeansthesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestinationbuttheriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethegoodshavebeendeliveredonboardthevessel,istransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodspasstheship’srailattheportoftheshipment.Inaddition,thesellerhastoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.ThebuyershouldnotethatunderCIFtermthesellerisonlyrequiredtoobtaininsuranceonminimumcoverage.TheCIFtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.

2.3TheresponsibilitybothtwopartiesunderFOBtermandCIFterm

AbouttheresponsibilitybothtwopartiesunderFOBtermandCIFterm,Iwillnotmakeadetailstatementhere,andIthinkaformmaybemoresuitableforpeopletogetagoodunderstandingaboutthem.Let’sseetheformasfollow:

Terms

FOB

CIF

Charges

Thesellerpaysallcostsrelatingtothegoodsuntilsuchtimeastheyhavepassedtheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.

Beingtransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodspasstheship’srailattheportoftheshipment.

Pointfordivisionofrisk

Beingtransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodspasstheship’srailattheportoftheshipment.

Beingtransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodspasstheship’srailattheportoftheshipment.

Bookingspace

buyer

seller

Insurance

buyer

Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.

Deliveredterms

actualdelivery

symbolicdelivery

3.ComparingwithFOBtermandCIFterm,studyhowtochoosetheappropriatetradetermsininternationaltradeaffairs.

Indifferentcasetradermaychoosedifferentterms.JustlikeFOBtermandCIFterm,whethertradercanchoosearighttermornotisimportantforadeal.

3.1Aboutcharges

ComparingwithFOBterm,thepointfordivisionofriskofCIFtermistheportofdischarge.

3.2Abouttherightofbookingspace

Abouttherightofbookingspace,therightiscontrolledbythesellerandtheycanchoosethenamedcarrierandshipunderCIFterm.ButunderFOBterm.Thebuyertakeschargeofthebookingspace.So,infact,thesellerhastowaitfortheshipwhichisnamedbythebuyer,inaddition,thegoodshavetobecheckedbythecarrierbeforeshipment.

3.3Aboutinsurance

UnderCIFterm,thesellerhastoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.Furthermorethebuyershouldnotethatthesellerisonlyrequiredtoobtaininsuranceonminimumcoverage.Ifthebuyerwantsanotherhigherinsurancecoverage,heshouldmakeadealwiththesellerdefinitely,andmakeanotherarrangementfortheextrapremium.ButunderFOBterm,thesellerhasnoresponsibilitytocoverinsurance;thebuyershouldcoverinsurancebythemselves.Ifthegoodsarelossofordamagedbeforepasstheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment,thesellershouldbearallthelossesbecausethegoodsdidn’tpasstheship’srail.Althoughthesellerenjoystheinsurableinterest,butheisnotthenamedpersonoftheinsurancepolicywhichthebuyerholdsandtheycan’tprovetherelationwiththeinsurer.Atthesametime,thebuyerholdstheinsurancepolicy,butheisnotenjoyownershipofthegoods,Sohealsohasnotenoughconditionstoclaimfortheinsurer.Underthissituation,thegoodsabsolutelyhaven’tanyguarantee.SowecanknowthatifunderCIFterm,thetradercanavoidthoseproblem.Causefirstly,thesellercoversinsurance.Secondly,thesellerholdstheinsurancepolicy.Thirdly,thesellerenjoysownershipofthegoods,heisprovidedwiththeinsurableinterest,hehastherighttoclaimfortheinsurer.

3.4Aboutdeliverytypes

Aboutdeliverytypes,itissymbolicdeliveryunderCIFterm.AndFOBtermisactualdelivery.Symbolicdeliverymeansthatassellerfinishtheshipmentatthenamedplaceinavailabletime,andshowssomerelateddocumentsincludingdocumentsoftitletothegoodstothebuyercompliancewiththecontract,thesellerfulfillstheobligationsofdelivery,andheneedn’tmakesurewhetherthegoodsarearrivalornot.Then,actualdeliveryisthesellershoulddeliversthegoodsaccordingtothecontracttothebuyerornamedpeopleatthenamedplaceonspecifiedtime.hecannotmakethedocumentsreplacesthegoods.Undersymbolicdeliverythesellerdeliversthegoodsaccordingtothedocuments.Thebuyerpaysforthegoodsaccordingtothedocuments.Asthesellerprovidesallthedocumentsfitthestipulationsofthecontract,thebuyershouldpayforthegoodseventhoughthegoodsarelosingordamagedduringtransportation.SounderCIFtermthesellershouldtrytheirbesttoprovidesomedocumentsforthebuyerassoonaspossiblewhenthegoodsaretookontotheship.Inaddition,thedocumentsshouldbeavailable,thenalsorequiretheyarevalidandhavelegaleffect,otherwise,thebuyerhasrighttorejectthegoodsandclaimfor