热点语法项目之句子结构与并列句时态和语态.docx
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热点语法项目之句子结构与并列句时态和语态
热点语法项目之句子结构与并列句,时态和语态
热点语法项目之名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句
动词用法讲与练
[想一想]用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空
1.Wouldyoupleasegivehimthemessagethemomenthe______(arrive)?
2.Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrain_______(leave).
3.Ifithadn’tbeenforthePLAsoldier,theboy_______(drown)intheriveryesterday.
4.It______(say)thatanotherbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.
5.Allkindsoftrees______(plant)onthehilleveryspringsoastomakethehillbeautiful.
6.Goodcaremust______(take)ofthechildreninourschool.
7.Withalotofdifficultproblems______(settle),themanagerfeltlikeacatonhotbricks.
8.Pricesofdailygoods______(buy)throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
9.Haveyoucheckedallthemachines______(send)toTibetnextmonth?
10.Hearingthenews,herushedout,______(leave)thebookopenonthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.
11.Forthreehourswewaitedforthedecision,only______(tell)tocomeagainthenextday.
12.I’mexaminingthearticlehehasjustfinished_____(correct)thepossiblemistakesinit.
13.Everyonewillthankthefirefightersforthethingstheyhavedonetopreventfires______(spread)
14.Thereisnouse_______(quarel)withsuchafoolishpersonashe.
15.I’mafraidshedoesn'thaveenoughtime______(finish)herreportintime.
Keys:
1.arrives2.hadleft3.wouldhavebeendrowned4.issaid5.areplanted
6.betaken7.tosettle8.bought9.tobesent10.leaving11.tobetold
12.tocorrect13.spreading14.quarelling15.tofinish
[讲一讲]
动词填空在语法填空题中至少有两道题,是考查的热点内容之一。
通常情况下,这两道动词填空题有一空考查谓语形式,另一题则考查非谓语形式。
遇到这类题的时候,我们应注意从如下几个方面进行思考:
一.如果被考查的动词在句中作谓语,则要考查它的时态和语态。
如果所在的句子是一个简单句,则要看整篇短文所陈述的事情发生在什么时候,并同时考虑所给动词表示的动作发生在什么时候,并据此确定动词的时态。
此外,还应注意这个动词所表示的意义是主动的还是被动的,并据此确定动词所用的语态。
二.注意动词的语气。
要正确的使用动词,有的时候还得要注意正确地使用动词的语气。
如果表示虚拟的情况,还得要注意正确地使用动词的虚拟语气。
此外,在动词wish的宾语从句句、asif从句中等的谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。
三.在某些特特殊的句型中(如itisthefirsttimethat…),谓语动词也有其特殊的用法。
这也是我们必须注意的地方。
四.如果所给动词不在句中充当谓语,则要考虑使用其非谓语形式。
非谓语形式有不定式、分词和动名词三种形式。
要注意这个动词在相应的地方应用何种形式。
另外,同谓语动词一样,使用非谓语形式也要注意正确地使用其被动式(除过去分词外)。
[练一练]用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空
1.—ZhouLan,youlookpuzzled.Haveyouunderstandit?
--Yes.I______(think)aboutanotherproblemjustnow.
2.--Willyougonow?
--NotuntilI______(finish)myexperiments.
3.I’dliketobuyapenwhich_______(write)well.
4.--Hi.Bill.Youarelate.
--Sorry,Iwouldhavecomesooner.I_______(notknow)thatyouwerewaiting.
5.–Didyoumeetthechiefeditorattheairport?
--No.He______(drive)awaybeforemyarrival.
6.Ifyou______(be)alittlemorecarefulinthetest,youwouldhavepassedthetest.
7.Thebuilding______(build)inourschoolisforourteachers.It’stobecompletedbytheendofnextyear.
8.______(give)thattheyareininexperienced,theyhavedoneagoodjob.
9.Withallthatsheneeded______(buy),sheleftthesupermarkethappily.
10.____(leave)inthecareofhisgrandmother,Tedgrewtobeaboywithverygoodmanners.
11.There,almost_____(lose)inthebigchair,satherlittlebrother,whoneverhadtobetoldtokeepquiet.
12.WhatisthewaySmiththoughtof______(make)enoughmoneytobuythenewhouse?
13.Heissaid_____(treat)badlyinthesupermarketwhenhewasdoinghisshoppingyesterday.
14.--I’dliketobuyanFMradio.
--Well.We’vegotseveralmodels______(choose)from.
15.Iwonderwhyyouwon’tdoitas_______(tell)toandit’sthethirdtimeyouhavedoneso.
Keys:
1.wasthinking2.havefinished3.writes4.didn’tknow5.hadbeendriven
6.hadbeen7.beingbuilt8.Given9.bought10.Left11.lost12.tomake
13.tohavebeentreated14.tochoose15.told
名词性从句讲与练
[想一想]在下列句子的空格处填上适当的单词
1.Withtherapiddevelopment,theideahasalreadycometrue________wecanplayvideogamesandreceivee-mailswithoutsittingatakeyboard.
2.Wordcame______thetheShengzhouVIIwillbesentoffinafewdays.
3.I’velearned______,nomatterwhathappensandhowbaditseemstoday,lifegoesonanditwillbebettertomorrow.
4.—Whatworriesthepublicworrymost?
—_______priceskeepgoingup,Isuppose.
5.Thereasonhehasbeensuchasuccessinhiscareeris_____henevergivesupinhiswork.
6.______thistextcanbeusedforlisteningthistermhasnotbeendecidedyet.
7._______mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.
8.Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake
______itis.
9.Itisnoneofyourbusiness______otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeinyourself.
10.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?
That’s_____thebestjobsare.
11.—Mysonwasilllastweek.
—Isthat______youaskedforafewdaysoff?
12.I’vebeenexpectingthemthewholeafternoon.WhatIamwonderingis____theywillbehere.
13.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Goandsee_________itis.
14.ThevolunteersaresoyoungthatIwaswondering_____theycandotohelpuswithourwork.
15.Whileyou’vemadesomemistakes,Ibelieveyou’vedoneyourbestand______thingswillimprove.
Keys:
1.that2.that3.that4.That5.that6.Whether7.What8.what
9.what10.where11.why12.when13.who14.what15.that
[讲一讲]
对于名词性从句,我们应重点掌握引导名词性从句各类连词的用法。
高考试题在考查名词性从句时,常考查名词性从句的连接词。
这是一个测试热点。
引导名词性从句的连词有三大类:
1.单纯连接词:
that、whether、if。
它们只起引导从句的作用,并不在从句中充当任何成分。
that在句中没有一定的含义。
whether和if引导名词性从句时,可表示“是否”之意。
注意,if只能用来引导宾语从句,不可引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
如:
1).Hetoldmethathewouldleaveofficesoon.
2).Sheaskedmewhether(if)Icouldlendhimmydictionary.
2.连接代词what、who、which、whose、whom.它们除了引导名词性从句外,还要在从句充当一定的成分。
如:
1).Whatcanbedonehasbeendone.——what在句中引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。
2).Canyoutellmewhichboxisyours?
——which在句中引导宾语从句,并在从句中作定语,修饰box。
3.连接副词how、why、where、when。
它们除引导从句外,还要在从句中作状语。
如:
1).Idon'tknowhowIcanfinishmyworksosoon.
2).Yourcoatisstillwhereyourputit.
二.注意that的用法及省略。
that连接名词性从句时,只起一个引导的作用,不可在从句中充当任何成分。
that在引导宾语从句时常常省略,但由并列连词连接的两个以上的宾语从句时,第一个连词that可以省略,第二个(包括第二个)以后的that则不可省略了。
另外,that在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,不可省。
如:
Iknow(that)shewasborninthecountryandthatshecameheretolookforajob.这个句子中的两个that都不在句中充当任何成分。
第一个that可以省略,而第二个that则不能省略。
三.注意what和that的用法比较。
what引导名词性从句时,还要在从句中充当一定的成分,如主语、宾语或表语等。
what不可在从句中省略。
而that在句中只起引导名词性从句的作用,而不在句中作任何成分。
试比较:
1.Idon'tknowwhattheyaretalkingabout.——本句中,what在句中引导宾语从句,并在从句中作talkingabout的宾语。
2.Iknow(that)heisleavingforShanghai.——本句中,that引导宾语从句,但在从句中,它不充当任何成分。
四.注意掌握whether和if的用法。
whether和if都可用来引导宾语从句。
但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,只能用whether,不能用if。
五.掌握whatever与whoever的用法。
whatever和whoever的用法有相似之处。
它们都可用于:
1.引导让步状语从句,意为“无论…”如:
1).Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
2).Whoeveryouare,youmustobeytherules。
2.同时作主句的一个成分和从句的一个成分,相当于“一个先行词+关系代词”,即whatever相当于anythingthat/which;而whoever则相当于anyonethat/who。
六.引导名词性从句的连词同引导状语从句的连词、定语从句的关系代词或副词大多相同。
不要将这三类从句混为一谈。
下面以where为例进行说明。
如:
1.Hewentbacktothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.——本句中的where是一个关系副词,引导一个定语从句.从句的先行词是town.
2.Plantsgrowwellwherethereisenoughwaterandsunlight.——本句的where引导的从句是在整个句子中作状语,引导一个状语从句.
3.Whereweshallhavethemeetingisnotknownyet.——本句的where引导一个主语从句.
[练一练]在下列句子的空格处填上适当的单词
1.Itworriesboththeparentsverymuch_____theironlysonsuffersfromserioushearttrouble.
2.Thereisnodoubt_______Chinawillbecomemoreandmorepowerfulinthefuture.
3.Duringthesummerholidays,wepaidavisitto______wasonceourprimaryschoolthattheworkersuseasastorenow.
4.AttheverybeginningoflastyearMr.Wangmadethedecision_______heshouldorganizeateamtohelpthepoorchildrenwiththeireducation.
5.Ourcityisnolonger_________itwastenyearsago,whenitwasquitedirtyandnoisy.
6.Thatpolicemanhasnoidea______theGoldentexHotelis,exceptthatitisjustnexttotheHymallShoppingCentre.
7.Isittrue______whathesaidisofgreatimportancetousinimprovingourproduction?
8.Wehadwaitedfor______seemedlikeagesbeforethepolicefinallycametoourrescue.
9.—_______doyousupposewillwinthefirstprizeinthecompositioncompetition?
—I’mnotsure.Let’swaitandsee.
10._______manypeopleinsouthChinareceivedaheavyattackofnaturaldisasterattheverybeginningof2008drewcloseattentionfromallovertheworld.
11.—Doyouthinkparentsshoulddoeverythingfortheirchildren?
—No,that’s_____theyaremistaken.
12.Iremember_______thisusedtobeaquietvillage,wellknownforitsfreshairandwater.
13.—Haveyoufoundyournotebook?
—Yes,Ihave.Itwas________wewerehavingachatthismorning.
14.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrellayesterday.That’s________Igotsoakingwet.
15.________asksyoutogetridofthebadhabitsisquiteright.
Keys:
1.that2.that3.what4.that5.what6.where7.that8.what
9.Who10.That11.where12.when13.where14.why15.Whoever
定语从句讲与练
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[想一想]
1.Thegentlemanabout______youtoldmetheotherdaywillcometogiveusalecturetomorrow.
2.Theresultoftheexperimentturnedoutverygood,_______wehadn'texpected.
3.Haveyouseentheplay______leadingroleisplayedbyLily’ssister?
4.Thecleaningwomenwasassignedtowipeoffthedirtymarksontheroad,_______weremainlymadebychewinggums.
5.______isoftenthecase,Mikewaslateagaindandmadeupanexcusetofooltheboss.
6.______wasknowntoall,ourbosshadbrokenhispromisethathewouldgiveusarise.
7.Nowadaysteenagersliketogotothefastfoodrestaurants,_______onlyservejunkfood.
8.Herearealotofrubbergloves______fingershaveholesinthem.
9.MrSmithneverreadanything______wasnotworthreadinginhissparetime.
10.Theprofessormentionedsomepoetsandpoems______wereunknowntousinhislecture.
11.Thevolunteershavepaida