考研英语真题及答案.docx

考研英语真题及答案.docx

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考研英语真题及答案

　　2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）

　　SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions：

　　Readthefollowingtext。

Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET。

（10points）

　　Trustisatrickybusiness。

Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition1manyworthwhilethings:

childcare，friendships，etc.Ontheotherhand，puttingyour2，inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3.

　　4，whydowetrustatall?

Well,becauseitfeelsgood.5peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin，ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumansto7withoneanother。

Scientistshavefoundthatexposure8thishormoneputsusinatrusting9：

InaSwissstudy，researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects；thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse。

　　11forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate13acrediblepersonandadishonestone。

Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer。

Thetesterwouldask,“What’sinhere?

"beforelookingintothecontainer，smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow！

”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty—andrealizedthetesterhad17them.

　　Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill，demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership。

19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity。

　　1。

［A］on［B］like［C］for[D］from

　　2。

［A］faith[B］concern［C］attention[D]interest

　　3.［A]benefit[B］debt[C］hope［D]price

　　4.[A］Therefore[B]Then［C］Instead[D]Again

　　5.[A]Until［B]Unless[C］Although[D］When

　　6。

[A]selects[B]produces［C]applies[D]maintains

　　7.[A]consult［B]compete［C］connect[D]compare

　　8.［A]at[B]by[C］of[D]to

　　9.［A]context［B]mood[C］period[D］circle

　　10。

[A]counterparts[B］substitutes[C］colleagues［D]supporters

　　11.[A］Funny［B]Lucky[C］Odd［D］Ironic

　　12。

［A］monitor［B］protect[C］surprise[D]delight

　　13。

[A］between［B］within[C］toward［D]over

　　14。

[A]transferred[B］added[C］introduced[D］entrusted

　　15。

[A]out［B]back[C]around［D]inside

　　16。

［A］discovered［B］proved[C]insisted[D]。

remembered

　　17。

［A］betrayed[B］wronged[C］fooled［D]mocked

　　18.［A］forced［B]willing［C]hesitant［D］entitled

　　19.[A]Incontrast[B］Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance

　　20.［A］inflexible［B］incapable［C]unreliable［D]unsuitable

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B,CorD。

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。

（40points）

　　Text1

　　Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:

Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs？

　　Don’tdismissthatpossibilityentirely。

AbouthalfofU。

S。

jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated，accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy，withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon’tappealtorobots。

Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice，softwareengineering-havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill。

Therichowntherobots，sotheywillbefine。

　　Thisisn’ttobealarmist。

Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed。

Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity，stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle—classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting。

　　Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication。

Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots。

Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable。

Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

　　ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S。

toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism：

Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange，entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven’tbeeninventedyet。

TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem。

　　Finally，becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome，taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought。

Taxesonlow—wagelaborneedtobecut，andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded：

Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework，rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality。

　　Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears，yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable。

　　21。

Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

　　[A］Leadingpoliticians。

　　［B]Low-wagelaborers.

　　［C]Robotowners.

　　[D］Middle-classworkers。

　　22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview?

　　［A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless。

　　［B]Optimists’opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport。

　　[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled

　　[D］Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided

　　23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison

　　［A]creativepotential.

　　[B］job-huntingskills.

　　［C］individualneeds。

　　［D］cooperativespirit。

　　24。

Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat

　　[A］encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation。

　　［B］increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

　　[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

　　[D]preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.

　　25.Inthistext，theauthorpresentsaproblemwith

　　［A］opposingviewsonit。

　　[B]possiblesolutionstoit。

　　[C]itsalarmingimpacts。

　　[D］itsmajorvariations.

　Text2

　　AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo—thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter。

TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource，Notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.

　　MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines。

Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia，peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills。

Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews，accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

　　Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace。

AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust"toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias。

“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints，”thesurveyconcluded。

　　Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin—Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement。

　　Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore—sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation。

AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror，"moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting。

Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia。

Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue。

“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem，”saysRoxanneStone，editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

　　Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident，theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

　　26。

AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2，manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson

　　[A］thejustificationofthenews—filteringpractice。

　　[B]people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms。

　　［C］theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

　　［D］socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews。

　　27。

Thephrase“beerup”（Line2,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto

　　［A］sharpen

　　［B］define

　　［C］boast

　　［D］share

　　28。

Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey，youngpeople

　　[A］tendtovoi