高考英语全国一卷.docx

高考英语全国一卷.docx

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高考英语全国一卷

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

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Washington,D.C.BicycleTours

CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

DurationTour

Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseeaworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserve（n.储

备；保护区v.预约；储备）yourspot（n.地点；场所；斑点v.玷污，发现adj.现场的）beforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!

WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:

3hours（4miles）

JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.

CapitalCityBikeTourInWashington,D.C.

Duration:

3hours

MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourfor

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D.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,

D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost,interestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute（路线）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.

WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour

Duration:

3hours（7miles）

Joinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationin

theheartofWashington,D.C.Getupclosetothemonuments

andmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevests

andsafetylights.

21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

A.CherryBlossomlikeTourinWashington,D.C.

B.WashingtoncapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.

C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.

22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?

A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.

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C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.

23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnight

provide?

A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.MealsD.Safetylights

B

GoodMorningBritain’SusannaReidisusedtogrilling（拷问，盘问）guests（n.客人；特邀嘉宾）onthesofaevery

morning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—

showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmeals

onatightbudget.

InSaveMoney:

GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthome

eachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder

￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresenter（n.

节目主持人）saysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’s

leantintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

"WeloveMexicanchurros（油炸饼）,soIbuythemonmy

phonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"she

explains."Ipay￡5foraportion（一份）,butMattmakesthemfor

26p（penny便士）aportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimes

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we’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves."Theeight-partseries（系列节目）,SaveMoney:

GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:

GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevast

rangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometoaidtheofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspiration（n.灵感）onabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’longsweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?

A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.

B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.

C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.

D.Shehashadalightbudgetforherfamily.

25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.

B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.

C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.

D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.

26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?

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（intendv.intentionn.extendv.tendv.趋向

于；照顾）

A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.

B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.

C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.

D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart

B.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef

D.CookingWellforLess

C

Languageshavebeen（comingandgoing来来往往）forthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulated（居住于，生活于）byhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemore

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settledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization.thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsory（强制的）education.Especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish．SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.（evenadj.公平的；平均的）Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot.,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:

theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction（消亡）,withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers）,ChiapanecoinMexico（150）.LipanApacheintheUnitedStates（twoorthree）orWadjiguinAustralia（one,witha

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question-mark）:

noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

A.Theydevelopedveryfast.

B.Theywerelargeinnumber.

C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.

D.Theywerecloselyconnected

29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlined

inparagraph2？

A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.

30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800B.About3,400

C.About2,400D.About1,200

31.Whatistheminideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

BPeopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

D

Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworn（用旧的，穿旧的）technologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshiny

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andnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’badsnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdated

devicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdo

thesamethings.

Tofigure

outhowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,

CallieBabbitt

andhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteof

Technologyin

NewYork

trackedtheenvironmentalcostsfor

eachproductthroughoutits

life—fromwhenitsmineralsare

mined（开采）towhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethod

providedareadout（读数）forhowhomeenergyusehas

evolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedby

generation—Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,and

box-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescene

（出现）in1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.

Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplanted（布置，安）inthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,"saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefrom

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fourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeeping

theseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排

放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.

Sowhat'sthesolution（解决方案）?

Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatserve（提供；服务）morethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demand（点播）entertainmentviewingontablets（insteadofTVsanddesktopcomputers）couldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.

32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.

B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.

（notbetterthan不比...好nobetterthan几乎等于

notmorethan不超过nomorethan只不过）

C.Theycostmoretouseathome.

D.Theygooutofstylequickly.

33.WhydidBabbi