高考专题动词的时态.docx

1、高考专题动词的时态动词的时态 英语中动词共有16种时态，最常用的有8种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。 另外，现在完成进行时、将来进行时、将来完成时也比较常用。知识用法总览时间方式 现在过去将来过去将来一般一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时do/ doesdidwill/shall dowould do进行现在进行时过去进行时*将来进行时过去将来进行时am/is/are doingwas/were doingwill be doingwould be doing完成现在完成时过去完成时*将来完成时过去将来完成时have/h

2、as donehad donewill have donewould have done完成进行*现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时have/has been doinghad been doingwill have been doingwould have been doing1. 在英语中，表示动作发生的时间和进行方式的各种动词形式，称为时态。时态是通过动词的形态变化来表达动作发生的时间（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）及所处的状态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。2. 学习动词时态时，要区分开时态形式与时间意义：时态形式不等于时间意义，它们既有联系又有区别。同一时态可

3、以表示不同的时间，如 一般现在时，除了表示现在经常反复发生的动作外，有时也可用来表示将来时间。同样，一般过去式有时也可用来表示将来。同一种时间可以用几种不同的时态形式表示，如将来时态可由几种不同形式来表示。3. 动词时态的考查主要以一般体、进行体和完成体为主。分 类用 法一般体一般现在时表示习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状态；表示主语现在的动作、状态；表示客观事实、普遍真理、格言等；在时间、条件、让步状从中，代替一般将来时；在列车时刻表、节目单、作息时间表中，代替一般将来时。一般过去时表示过去特定的时间中发生的动作或存在的状态；在时间、条件、让步状从中，代替过去将来时。一般将来时will/sha

4、ll + do表示不含主观因素，单纯的将来/也可表临时的决定am/is/are going to do表按计划、安排要做的事/根据某迹象预示着要发生的事am/is/are to do表示按计划、约定或按指责、义务必须做的事am/is/are about to do表示立即、马上要发生的动作过去将来时would + do表从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态was/were going to do表过去的计划、安排/ 也可表示未实现的情况“本打算”was/were to do表示过去的计划、约定或者按职责、义务必须做的事was/were about to do表示过去立即、马上要发生的

5、动作进行体现在进行时表示说话之时或现阶段正在发生或一直在进行的动作；一些短暂性动词可用现在进行时表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。常与always，constantly，continually，forever，all the time等状语连用，表示说话人的某种情感色彩。过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在发生或一直在进行的动作；表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作。将来进行时表示将来某个时刻或某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作。完成体现在完成时表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的时间，现在已经完成，但结果仍对现在有影响-即过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响；表示一个动作从过去开始，一直持续

6、到现在，可能还要继续下去。过去完成时表示过去某时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。将来完成时表示在将来某个时刻之前已经完成或一直持续的动作。完成进行体现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在的动作，并仍在进行；表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。考点一 现在的时态现在的时态包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时四种时态。分考点1 一般现在时：一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语一般有动词原形后加-s或-es构成。气变化规则如下：情 况变 化 规 则例 词一般情况直接加-sworkworks learnlear

7、nscomecomes playplays结尾为-s, -x, -sh, -ch或-o在词尾加-espasspasses washwashesteachteaches fixfixes gogoes结尾为“辅音字母+y”变y为i再加-escarrycarries crycriesstudystudies worryworries：1. 表示现在习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状态，常与频度副词及表现在的时间状语连用。如：always 总是 often 经常 usually 通常 sometimes 有时 hardly 几乎不 never 从不 every day/ week/ month/ yea

8、r 每天/每周/每月/每年 frequently 经常 on Sundays 在星期天 once/ twice a week 每周一/两次 monthly 每月 every + 基数词+ 可数名词复数 每隔 yearly 每年 I always sleep with the window open. There are buses to the station every ten minutes.2. 表示主语现在的动作、状态。 She knows French and German besides English. John is a man of few words.3. 表示客观真理、科

9、学事实及自然现象或用在格言中。 The earth goes round the sun. Failure is the mother of success. 表示客观事实、普遍真理、格言等的句子充当宾语从句时，不受主句时态的限制，即使主句用过去的时态，从句仍然用一般现在时。 The teacher said that light travels in a straight line.4. 一般现在时代替一般将来时 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态，可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主句仍用一般将来时（即主将从现）。 Ill tell him about it as soon as

10、 he comes.If it is fine tomorrow, well go shopping.Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed.在列车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开始、节目单、作息时间表上，常与具体的时间状语连用，且仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词，如：come 来 go 去 arrive 到达 leave 离开 begin 开始 start 开始 take off 起飞 finish 完成 stop 停止 The train leaves at 4:30 p.m. The concert begins at 7:30 and ends at

11、 9:30. 分考点2 现在进行时：现在进行时由【am/is/are + 现在分词】构成。现在分词的结构一般是在动词原形后加-ing，其变化规则如下：情 况变 化 规 则例 词一般情况在词尾直接加-ingworkworking looklooking studystudying以不发音的e结尾的动词去e再加-inghavehaving facefacing taketaking writewriting以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母再加-ingcutcutting putputting swimswimming beginbeginning以-ie结尾的动词变ie为y再

12、加-inglielying tietying diedying：1. 表示说话之时或现阶段正在发生或一致进行着的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。如：now 现在 at present 目前 these days 目前，如今 at this time 此刻The people all over the world are fighting against pollution.2. 一些短暂性动词可用现在进行时表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，常见的这类动词有：come 来 go 去 leave 离开 arrive 到达 begin 开始 start 开始 return 返回 move 搬家 t

13、ake 拿走 A foreign professor is coming to visit our school this weekend.We are moving to a new house.3. 常与always，constantly，continually，forever，all the time等状语连用，表示说话人的某种情感色彩（厌恶、不满、赞许等），如： He is always thinking more of others than of himself.分考点3 现在完成时：现在完成时由【have/has + 过去分词】：1. 表示动作发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去

14、时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响（即过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响），【已完成的用法】常用的时间状语有：lately 近来 recently 最近 so far 到目前为止 by now 到现在 up to/till now 知道现在in the last/past few days/years 在过去的几天/年里 I cant open the door. I have lost the key.In the last years thousands of films have been produced all over the world.2. 表示动作从过去开始，一直延续到现

15、在，可能还要继续下去，【未完成的用法】常用的时间状语有：since + 时间点/从句（从句中用一般过去时） for + 时间段 Lily has lived here since 1980/ since yesterday/ since last year/ since 10 years ago/ ever since(then)/ since she came to China. He has taught Chinese for 20 years. 瞬间性动词可以用于现在完成时()，但在肯定句中不能与since,for等表段时间的状语连用；可以通过改变句式表示相同的意义()，也可以通过使用

16、瞬间动词对应的延续性动词的完成时表示相同的意义()。They have got married.()They got married ten years ago. ()It is ten years since they got married. ()They have been married for ten years. ()She has been married to Jack since 1999. ()They have got married for ten years.()She has married Jack for ten years/ since 1999.()They

17、 have got married since 1999/ since ten years ago.()常见瞬间动词及其对应的延续性动词动词类别瞬间动词延续性动词位移动词come be here；go(out) be out; come back/ return be back; leave be away/be out成为，变成become be a +名词；join be a member (of)/ be in sp./ be on a team/ serve (in/ as) 得失动词find/ get/ buy/ receive have; borrow keep; lose be

18、lost一开始即结束动词begin/ start last/ be on; turn on be on; go out/ turn out be out; stop/ end be over; finish/ get through be through (with); marry/ get married be married;fall asleep sleep/ be asleep; fall ill be ill; go to bed be in bed/ be asleep;get up be up; wake (up) be awake; get to know know; put

19、on have on/ wear; dress be dressed (in); graduate be from school常用于完成时的几个句型：It has been/ is + 段时间 + since从句（从句中使用一般过去时）. e.g. It has been/ is 10 years since he left.That/ This/ It is the first/ second/ time that sb. have/ has done.That/ This/ It was the first/ second/ time that sb. had done. e.g. Th

20、is is the first time that I have been here. The teacher said it was the first time that little John had listened so attentively.主语+ am/is/are + the + adj.最高级+ 名词+ 定语从句（从句中使用现在完成时）.主语+ was/were + the + adj.最高级+ 名词+ 定语从句（从句中使用过去完成时）. e.g. This is the best film that I have ever seen.By the time从句（从句中使用

21、一般现在时），主句（主句中使用will have done）.By the time从句（从句中使用一般过去时），主句（主句中使用had done）. e.g. By the time you come, we will have completed the task. By the time mom got home, we had had dinner.Hardly/ Scarcely(had done) when(did)No sooner(had done)than(did) e.g. Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus sta

22、rted. 分考点3 现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时由【have/has + been + 过去分词】构成。：1. 表示从过去某一时间开始，一支持续到现在的动作，并仍在进行 ，强调动作的持续不停、反复性和决心，常用的时间状语有：all this morning 一整个早上 this month 这个月 these few days 这几天 all night 一整个晚上 recently 最近 since+点时间/从句 自从 All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.The manager has

23、been telling the working how to improve the program since 9 a.m.2. 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。 Dad looks very tired. He has been working in the garden all day. Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.【易混清单】 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成进行时可表示动作的重复，但现在完成时不表示动作的重复；现在完成进行时强调动作持续不停，而现在完成时

24、则强调动作的完成；现在完成进行时有时带有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。e.g. Someone has been phoning you. （一直在打） Someone has phoned you. (打了) Ive been reading the novel.（还没读完） Ive read the novel. (已读完) Whos been eating my apples? (表示愤怒或不满) Whos eaten my apples? (苹果没有了)考法训练1. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ (not live) here a

25、ny more.2. This machine _ (not work). It hasnt worked for years.3. Will you go to the museum tomorrow? I will if I _ (have) no visitors.4. When _ he _ (come) again? When he _ (come), Ill let you know.5. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ (graduate) from the university next

26、 year.6. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _ they _ (speak)?7. Whats that terrible noise? The neighbors _ (prepare) for a party.8. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ (repair) at the garage.9. Because the shop _ (close) down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.10. W

27、e _ (meet) our new neighbors yet, so we dont know their names.11. My brother is an actor. He _ (appear) in several films so far.12. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ (be) increased enormously ever since.13. The unemployment rate in this district _ (fall) from 6% to 5% in

28、 the past two years.14. Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ (come) here.15. The boss _ (promise) a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.16. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ (consider) going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.17. Im sure Andrew will

29、 win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ (prepare) for it for months.18. Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I _ (paint) the living room all day.考点二 过去的时态过去的时态重点学习一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时三种时态。分考点1 一般过去时：1. 一般过去时由动词的【过去式】表示，规则动词的过去式一般由动词原形加-ed构成，其变化规则如下：情 况变 化 规 则例 词一般情况在动词后加-edlook looked watch watchedstay stayed expect expected以-e结尾的动词后加-dhope hoped like liked以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词变y为i再加-edstudy studied try triedcopy copied carry carried以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个