surveyinvestigate research 区别.docx

1、surveyinvestigate research 区别(1)survey多指为写书面报告而进行的民意测验或调查。如：Business Development Advisers surveyed 211 companies for the report. 企业发展顾问公司为此报告调查了 211 家公司。Only 18 percent of those surveyed opposed the idea. 被调查者中只有 18%的人反对该主张。(2)research指科学工作者等为揭示自然规律或获取某个领域的新知识而进行长时间的调查研究。如：She spent two years in Sou

2、th Florida researching and filming her documentary. 她花了两年时间在佛罗里达州南部做研究，拍摄纪录片。So far we havent been able to find anything, but were still researching. 目前我们还没有任何发现，但是我们仍在研究。(3)investigate指为发现事实真相或了解掌握情况而进行深入细致的现场考察。Police are still investigating how the accident happened. 警方仍然在调查事故的起因。arise, rise, rai

3、se, lift这些动词均有“上升，举起”之意。arise：书面用词，多用于诗歌或比喻中，具有特殊的修辞色彩。rise：普通用词，指具体的或抽象的事物由低向高移动。raise：及物动词，常用词，多指把某物从低处升到高处，有时作引申用。lift：语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。lift, hoist, raise, elevate, heave, boost这些动词均有“升起，举起”之意。lift： 指用人力或机械力把某物升到较高的位置。hoist： 多指用绳索、滑轮等机械把重物升起。raise： 较正式用词，常可与lift换用，但强调把某物举起或抬起到应有的高度。常用比喻

4、。elevate： 较正式用词，指位置、高度的升高，多作比喻用，指职位、品德等的提高。heave： 指需花大力气或借外力才能举起或抬起重物。boost： 原义指从后面或下面推起或提高，现常用于指提高价格、振作精神等抽象概念。(1)vt举起；抬高He raised his hand to wave.他举手挥动起来。She went to the window and raised the blinds. 她走到窗前，拉起了百叶窗。Milton raised the glass to his lips.米尔顿把玻璃杯举到唇边(2)vt升起，举起（旗帜）They had raised the whi

5、te flag in surrender.他们举白旗投降了。At midnight, the German flag will be raised over the Reichstag. 半夜时，德国国旗将在德国国会大厦升起(3)vt.起身；站立He raised himself into a sitting position.他坐了起来。She raised herself on one elbow. 她用一只胳膊肘撑起身体。(4)vt.增加；提高The Republic of Ireland is expected to raise interest rates.爱尔兰共和国预计会提高利率

6、。Two incidents in recent days have raised the level of concern. 最近发生的两起事件引发了更多人的关注。(5)vt.提高（水平）；改善a new drive to raise standards of literacy in Britains schools. 提高英国学校文化水平的新运动(6)vt.（常指因发怒而）提高（嗓门）Dont you raise your voice to me, Henry Rollins!别冲我叫嚷，亨利罗林斯！Anne raised her voice in order to be heard. 为

7、了让人能听得见，安妮提高了嗓门。(7)n.加薪；提薪Within two months Kelly got a raise.不到两个月，凯利就获得了加薪。(8)vt.（为慈善组织、机构等）募捐，筹（款）All funds raised will be used by Children With Leukaemia. 所有募集到的资金都将用于“白血病患儿”组织。They raised the money to buy the house and two hundred acres of grounds. 他们筹钱来购买房屋及200英亩的土地。(9)vt.养育；抚养My mother was an

8、 amazing woman. She raised four of us kids virtually singlehandedly. 我的母亲是位了不起的女性。她几乎是一个人把我们4个孩子带大的(10)提起，提出（问题、反对等）In the meeting Mrs. Ashrawi raised the three main concerns that the Palestinians had.会议上，阿什拉维夫人提出了巴勒斯坦人最为关注的三个问题。He had been consulted and had raised no objections. 事先征求了他的意见，他并没有提出异议。

9、(11)vt.饲养；种植He raises 2,000 acres of wheat and hay. 他种植了2,000英亩的小麦和牧草。a perfectly cooked farm-raised chicken.精心烹制的农场养的鸡(1)上升;升高;升起He watched the smoke rise from his cigarette.他注视着烟雾从香烟上升起。The powdery dust rose in a cloud around him.一团粉尘在他周围扬起。(2)站起来Luther rose slowly from the chair.卢瑟慢慢地从椅子上站起来。He l

10、ooked at Livy and Mark, who had risen to greet him.他看着站起来跟他打招呼的莉薇和马克(3)起床Tony had risen early and gone to the cottage to work.托尼很早就起来去小屋干活了(4)升高;上升;上涨The waters continue to rise as more than 1,000 people are evacuated. 水面持续上涨，已经有1,000多人被疏散了。defend, protect, safeguard, guard, shield, shelter, harbour

11、这些动词均有“保护，保卫”之意。defend：普通用词，指用武力或其它措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。protect：普通用词，指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。safeguard：语气强，指采取积极措施预防可能发生的一切攻击或危险。guard：普通用词，指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。shield：语气比protect强，但侧重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害。shelter：通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。harbour：贬义词，指隐匿或非法保护、窝藏。Two yeas ago, a terrible tsunami _ most of th

12、e India Ocean are and parts of the Pacific Ocean.A.hit B. strike 答案为 hit，如果把strike 改为过去式struck ，答案可以选strike 么？谢谢回答如下（1）如果把strike 改为struck ， 是可以，但是 hit更普编些，更常见地震袭击某个地方 hit比strike更常用些.The plan to charge motorists 75 a year to use the motorway is going to hit me hard.向汽车驾驶员每年收取75英镑高速公路使用费的计划将对我大为不利。Abo

13、ut two-hundred people died in the earthquake which hit northern Peru.约200人在秘鲁北部发生的地震中丧生。Special schools were hardest hit.特殊教育学校是受打击最为严重的Bank of England officials continued to insist that the pound would soon return to stability but disaster struck.英格兰银行官员仍然坚持说英镑不久就会恢复稳定，但结果灾难爆发了。Both of them were af

14、flicted with a rare genetic disease, which struck in their thirties.他们两个都得了一种罕见的遗传病，这种病在他们30 多岁时发作。A powerful earthquake struck the Italian island of Sicily early this morning.今日凌晨意大利西西里岛发生强地震。He was suddenly struck with such a sense of grief, of loss, that his eyes filled with tears.一种悲伤、失落感突然袭来，他不

15、由得眼泪汪汪。a young woman who had been stricken with polio.曾患脊髓灰质炎的年轻女子beat, strike, hit, thrash, whip这些动词均含有“打”之意。beat： 普通用词，含义广泛，指连续打击。游戏、竞赛或战争中作打败解。strike： 普通用词，多指急速或突然一次猛击。hit： 普通用词，常与strike换用，侧重有目标的猛击，强调用力击中。thrash： 侧重指用棍子或鞭子等痛打。whip： 多指用鞭子抽打。(1)In exchange for作为.交换It is illegal for public officials

16、 to solicit gifts or money in exchange for favors.公务员通过索要礼物或钱财作为为他人提供便利的交换是违法的。He paid her a huge salary. In exchange, he was assured of her vote.他给她支付了很高的薪水，作为交换，他确定能够得到她的选票。In exchange for your effort, you are rewarded with composting service, provided by reliable workers (the worms!).以你的努力为交换，你将获

17、得由可靠的工人（蠕虫）提供的堆制肥料服务。We soon found a boat owner who would take us to Hashima in exchange for a little cash and a cooler of cheap beer.很快我们找到了一个愿意渡我们去端岛的船主。 他仅仅要了少量现金和一箱便宜的冰镇啤(2)in exchange of sth 交换某物/调换某物Richard offered to help do the housework in exchange of room and board here in the coming week.

18、理查德主动提出做家务用来交换接下来一周的房间使用和膳食.An exchange of each others opinions is helpful.相互交换彼此的意见是有益的【1】tax：普通用词，指政府以各种不同方法向个人或单位征收所得税、房地产税等各种税款。侧重实际征收金钱。No-one enjoys paying tax.没人喜欢纳税。They are calling for large spending cuts and tax increases.他们呼吁大幅度削减开支并提高税收。a cut in tax on new cars.降低新车所缴纳的税款。a pledge not to

19、 raise taxes on people below a certain income.对收入低于一定水平的人不提高税收的承诺。His decision to return to a form of property tax is the right one.他决定恢复征收财产税是正确的。She was fined fortaxevasion.她因逃税而被罚款。Her accountant was good at exploitingtaxloopholes.她的会计善于利用税收漏洞。【2】关税：主要是指政府对进口大批商品所征收的的关税英文解释：A tariff is a tax that

20、 a government collects on goods coming into a country.America wants to eliminate tariffs on items such as electronics.美国打算取消电子产品等的关税。The government decided to impose a protectivetariffon foreign cars.政府决定对进口汽车征收保护税。There is a very hightariffon jewelry. 宝石类的税率很高。He was anxious on thetariffquestion. 他

21、对关税问题感到担心。Hightariffsoften cause a diversion of trade from one country to another. 高额关税常使贸易从一国转往另一国。【3】duty主要是指向购买的特殊商品向政府部分支付的税/关税.英文解释：Duties are taxes which you pay to the government on goods that you buy.They are pressing the Chancellor to reduce excise duty on beer.他们正给总理施压，要求降低啤酒的消费税。Import du

22、ties still average 30%.进口税的平均水平仍然在 30%。customs duties 关税You pay thedutyat the desk and get the receipt.你可以在出纳台交税，然后拿到收据。The government imposes a specialdutyon oil.政府征特殊石油税。Thedutyon imported vodka has been raised.进口伏特加的关税已经提高了。Newdutieswill be imposed on wines and spirits. 酒类要征收新税。This article is fr

23、ee ofduties. 这货物免税。The article is subject to customsduties. 这商品需纳关税。Our nation levieddutiesat certain fixed rates upon wine. 国家根据固定税率对酒征了税。【1】gorge 峡；峡谷(主要是指很深且两边带有陡峭边缘的很狭窄的峡谷，通常在那里会有一条河流流经过一座山脉或者一个具有坚硬石头的区域)英文解释：A gorge is a deep, narrow valley with very steep sides, usually where a river passes th

24、rough mountains or an area of hard rock.A deepgorgeseparates the two halves of the city.有一道深谷把这座城市分成两部分。Have you been to the YangtseGorges?你去过长江三峡吗?【2】ravine 沟壑；深谷；峡谷；山涧（主要是指两边具有陡峭的边缘/侧面的狭窄的很深的深谷）英文解释：A ravine is a very deep narrow valley with steep sides.The soldiers shot down into theravine.士兵们向下往

25、深谷里开枪。The river had worn aravinebetween the hills.那条河在两山之间已造成一个深谷。A car swerved to avoid a bus and plunged into aravine.一辆小车为避开一辆公共汽车急转方向，却一头坠入了峡谷之中。A deepravineis on the left of the road.有一道深沟在马路左边。The river washed aravineinto the mountainside.河流在山的半山腰冲出了一条沟壑。My horse jumps across the deepravine, b

26、ut all the others balk.我的马纵身跃过了沟壑，其余的马却退缩了【3】gully 隘谷；溪谷；冲沟（主要是指两边有陡峭边缘/侧面的很长的狭窄的溪谷）英文解释：A gully is a long narrow valley with steep sides.The bodies of the three climbers were located at the bottom of a steep gully.在陡峭的隘谷谷底找到了3名登山者的遗。Its unlikely that thisgullywas produced by nature.这个溪谷不大可能是自然出现的。A

27、 few days afterwards a heavy wagon passed through thegully.几天后一辆大篷车经过了这个小峡谷。The torrent scoured agullydown the hillside.那激流顺山坡而下冲出一条水沟。twilight, dawn, dusk, nightfall这些名词含有“黎明，黄昏”之意。(1) twilight：指日落后或日出前的微明，但通常侧重于前者黄昏;薄暮They returned at twilight, and set off for one of the promenade bars. 他们黄昏时分回来，然

28、后去了一家步行街酒吧。(2) dawn：指天刚亮时的黎明，可作引申用黎明;拂晓Nancy woke at dawn. 拂晓时分南希醒了。(3) dusk：指接近夜晚的黄昏时刻黄昏;傍晚;薄暮We arrived home at dusk. 我们傍晚到家。She turned and disappeared into the dusk. 她转身消失在暮色中。(4) dawn：表示天变黑的前一段时间黄昏;傍晚;日暮I need to get to Lyon by nightfall. 我需要在黄昏前到达里昂。I started work at dawn and returned only at n

29、ightfall. 我披星戴月地工作。回答如下：【1】get to do有以下3种特定用法A:往往暗示一个较长的过程，含有“渐渐开始”之意，此时get后接的不定式通常为to know, to like, to hate, to understand, to realize等表示心理感觉的动词。I really wanted toget to knowAmerica.我真想逐渐了解美国。I shall get to like them in time.经过一段时间我会变得喜欢他们的。The best way to get to know the city is to visit it on fo

30、ot.要想了解这座城市，最好的方法是步行游览。After a time youget to realizethat these things dont matter.你过些时候就知道这些事无关紧要。特别备注：有时也可接表示心理感觉之外的其他动词。如：His drinking is getting to be a problem.他酗酒越来越成问题了。He is getting to be a lovely kid.他慢慢变成一个可爱的孩子了。Youll get to speak English more easily as time goes by.时间一长，你的英语就会说得流利一些。B:ge

31、t to do可以表示有机会做某事或被许可做某事，但get doing没有这样的用法。如：He never got to go to college.他从无机会上大学。We didntget to seehershe was too busy.我们没有见到她她太忙了。When do I get to see your new baby?我什么时候能去看看你那刚出生的孩子呀?Did you get to visit the Louvre when you were in Paris?你在巴黎的时候有机会去参观卢浮宫吗?C：get to do还可以表示努力或设法做成某事，但get doing没有这样的用法。如：At last he got to knock it down.最后他设法把它敲了下来。Did you get to