Unit1Section Ⅳ GrammarWriting.docx

1、Unit1Section Grammar WritingSection Grammar & Writing直接引语与间接引语()1(教材P5)“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne.Anne said that she_didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.2(教材P5)“Does a friend always have to be a person？” the writer asks us.The writer asks us if

2、a friend always has to be a person.3(教材P5)“Why did you go to bed so late last night？” Father asked Anne.Father asked Anne why she_had_gone to bed so late the_night_before4My mother said, “A friend in need is a friend indeed”My mother said a friend in need is a friend indeed.直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则一、人称变化的三原

3、则1“第一人称随主”原则：如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”玛丽说：“我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语中为第一人称)Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说，她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称)2“第二人称随宾”原则：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称

4、。Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称)Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称)3“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。Mr. Smith said，“His voice is wonderful.”史密斯先生说：“他的声音很好听。”(直接引语中为第三人称)Mr. Smith said hi

5、s voice was wonderful.史密斯先生说他的声音很好听。(间接引语中第三人称保持不变)二、时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表：直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉

6、他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时)The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.”组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)The organizer said that they had begun their plan.组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言；(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。My teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms.”

7、昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms.昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变)三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化引语用词 直接引语间接引语指示代词this 这个that 那个these 这些those那些时间状语now 现在then 那时today 今天that day那天this morning 今天上午that morning 那天上午tonight 今天晚上that night 那天晚上tomorrow 明天the ne

8、xt/following day第二天yesterday 昨天the day before 前一天last night 昨天晚上the night before前一天晚上the day beforeyesterday 前天two days before 两天前three days ago 三天前three days before三天前next week 下一周the next/following week第二周ago(至今)以前before(那时)以前地点状语here 这儿there 那儿方向性动词bring 带来take 带走 come 来go 去She asked，“Is this boo

9、k his？”她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this)She asked whether that book was his.她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that)“Ill be very busy today，”said the man.那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today)The man said he would be very busy that day.那个人说，那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day)四、连接词的选择1直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。He said，“I was

10、 cooking when the earthquake happened.”He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为told sb.。She said to me，“I came back an hour ago.”She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.2直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(.or或.or not)或if引导。He

11、said，“Are you interested in English？”He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English.如果主句的谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。3直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。“Whats your name？”he asked me.He asked me what my name was.疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。“Where are you going？” the father aske

12、d his son.The father asked his son where he was going.Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.根据直接引语写出间接引语中谓语的正确形式1“I didnt mean to hurt you，” said my friend Mary.My friend Mary said_ to hurt me.答案：sh

13、e hadnt meant2Mom asked，“Will you stay at home alone this weekend？”Mom asked whether_at home alone_答案：I would stay; that weekend3My father asked，“What do you want to get as a present on your birthday？”My father asked what _ get as a present _答案：I wanted to; on my birthday4“What will we eat today？” h

14、e asked his mother.He asked his mother what _答案：they would eat that day5“Im sure Robin can win the match tomorrow.” Tom said to me.Tom said to me that_ the match_答案：he was sure Robin could win; the next day6“I will go to Beijing for a meeting tomorrow，” my father said to me.My father told me that he

15、 would go to Beijing for a meeting_答案：the next day7“China is the biggest developing country in the world，” said Mr Smith.Mr Smith said that China_ the biggest developing country in the world.答案：is8“How much have we spent on petrol this year？” Susan asked her husband.Susan asked her husband_on petrol

16、 that year.答案：how much they had spent9Mother asked me，“Have you finished your homework？”Mother asked me _my homework.答案：whether I had finished10He says，“I bought you a book yesterday.”He says_a book yesterday.答案：that he bought me如何写建议信 文体感知建议信是书信的一种，是针对某事向收信人提出建议和忠告的一种文本。注意事项：1建议信一般由开头、正文和结尾三部分构成。2建

17、议信开头要做到开门见山，直接点出写信的目的。3正文一般要给出23条建议，可以利用适当的过渡词让正文结构更有层次性，从而引出所给的建议。4使用“希望这些建议会很有用”来结尾，简短有力。 增分佳句1建议信开头常用句式：Im sorry (that) you are having trouble/difficulty/problems in making friends.很抱歉听说你在交友方面有麻烦/困难/问题。I know you are now having trouble communicating with others, and you may often feel lonely.我知道你

18、目前在与人交流方面有些麻烦，你也可能经常感到孤独。Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on.很高兴收到你就征求建议的来信。Here are some tips to help you./Here are a few suggestions.这里有帮助你的一些建议。2表达建议常用句式：First(ly), why not join a club? If you do this you can make friends.首先，为什么不参加一个俱乐部呢？如果你这样做的话，就会交到朋友。Second(ly), you should/c

19、an try to talk with others.Then/That way, you will feel better.其次，你应该尽力与人交谈。这样，你会感觉好点。Third(ly), it would be a good idea if you read a book or listen to music. By doing this, you will calm yourself down.第三，如果你看书或听音乐将会是个不错的主意。通过这样做，你会使自己平静下来。Last but not least, you should talk with her first.最后同样重要的，

20、你应该先和她谈一谈。As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, you should help each other.就我而言/在我看来，你们应该互相帮助。3建议信结尾常用句式：I hope you will find these ideas useful.希望你会发现这些办法有用。As time goes on, people will know you better and will like to make friends with you if you can follow the above.如果你遵从以上建议，随着时间的推移，人们会更加理解你，会

21、愿意和你交朋友的。I believe that if you follow my advice, youll get along well with your classmates.我相信，如果你听从我的建议，你会和同学们相处好的。 写作要求假如你是李华，你的好朋友苏茹在交友方面存在着一些困难，请根据下面提示给她写一封100词左右的信。1要交朋友首先要做一个朋友；2要和朋友同甘共苦；患难之中的朋友才是真正的朋友；3友谊需要时间和投入(effort)。 审题谋篇项目结论体裁应用文话题向好友提建议时态一般现在时为主人称第二人称结构第一段点出写信的目的第二段正文列出所提的建议最后一段写出写信人的希望

22、 词句推敲1词汇交朋友make_friends做有困难have_trouble/difficulty_(in)_doing做朋友be_a_friend和同甘共苦share_happiness_and_sorrow_with.需要call_for/need2句式知道你在交友方面有麻烦，我很抱歉。I am sorry to know that_you_are_having_trouble_in_making_friends如果你采纳我的建议，改变这种处境是很容易的。The situation is_easy_to_change if you take my advice.下面是帮助你的一些建议。H

23、ere are some_tips_to_help_you要交朋友首先要做一个朋友。一般表达：If you want to make friends, you should be a friend first.高级表达：If you want to make friends, why_not_be_a_friend_first？(why not)你要和朋友同甘共苦。一般表达：You should share happiness and sorrow with your friend.高级表达：Wouldnt_it_be_a_good_idea_if you share happiness an

24、d sorrow with your friend?患难之中的朋友才是真正的朋友。一般表达：A friend in need is a friend indeed.高级表达：Just_as_a_saying_goes,_a friend in need is a friend indeed.我们都知道交友需要时间和投入。一般表达：We all know that friendship calls for time and effort.高级表达：It_is_well_known_to_us_that friendship calls for time and effort. 妙笔成篇注意使用h

25、owever, to begin with, in addition, last but not least等关联词_Dear Su Ru，I am sorry to know that you are having trouble in making friends. However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice. Here are some tips to help you.To begin with, why not be a friend if you want to make friends? In ad

26、dition, wouldnt it be a good idea if you share happiness and sorrow with your friend? Just as a saying goes, a friend in need is a friend indeed. Last but not least, wouldnt it be a good idea if you put your heart into making friends? It is well known to us that friendship calls for time and effort.

27、I hope you will find these ideas useful.Yours，Li Hua 直接引语改成间接引语或间接引语改成直接引语1My sister said to me，“I will come here next week.”My sister _ me that _ next week.答案：told；she would go there the2“How are you feeling now？” the doctor asked him.The doctor asked him _ feeling _答案：how he was；then3“Can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant？” the woman asked the policeman.The woman asked the policeman _ tell _ how to get to the nearest restaurant.答案：if/whether he could；her4“The sun is