新greargument归类和提纲.docx

1、新greargument归类和提纲相同题目18/2010/21/2324/26/287/98/9945/4915/51/130/131/13335/5256/5734/58/9469/70/11574/147/148/149/15683/8486/8985/879/88/9017/93/19/109/11038/95/9625/100/102/164101/10332/104/105/106/16766/107/10847/111/11278/116/117/11414/11822/119/120/13862/121/122/12441/123/125/142113/126/127/16135

2、/128/129132/134/136135/137/14061/139/141/143/16253/144/15160/145/146/150/154/155152/153157/1585/159/17354/16536/163/16639/174160/1723/17177/169 题号后面括号里的三项分别是：题目讨论的题材/结论的性质/主干论证过程。题目中带下划线的部分为题目背景信息；斜体部分为题目假设；无任何标记部分为一般论据；黑体部分为题目结论。题目中括号里的数字表明这句话体现的是提纲中第几号缺陷。题目后面的星星数量表示题目论证难度，星数越多题目越难。题目后面的数字为论证结构与之类似

3、的其他题目题号，可以参考准备。提纲中具体缺陷后面括号里斜体缩写表示该缺陷所属的类型，缺陷后面的星号表示该缺陷在本题的严重程度，星数越多缺陷越严重。题目顺序以新东方写作教程第一章题库顺序为准。 符号索引：V.D: vague dataI.I: incomplete informationU.C: unrelated conceptsC.S: changing scopes F.A: false analogyI.C: incomplete comparison F.D: false dilemmaI.T: incomplete thoughtNCR: non causal relationshi

4、pI.E: insufficient evidence U.A: unwarranted assumptionAdv:disadv: failing to weigh the advantage and disadvantage thoroughlyPF/ PC/ CF/CP: inferring future (current/past) condition from past (current) condition1 （考古/论断/大并列小递进）Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have prev

5、iously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been unique to the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a Palean basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River

6、is very deep and broad(3), and so the ancient Paleans could only have crossed it by boat(1), but there is no evidence that the Paleans had boats. And boats capable of carrying groups of people and cargo were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared. Moreover, Palean

7、s would have had no need to cross the river(5)the woods around Palea are full of nuts, berries, and small game(4). It follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea(2). 331.The author fails to consider the possibility that the Paleans may arrived in Lithos through other means. (I

8、.T) 2.The Palean basket could arrive other place through many possible methods such as trade, or boats possessed by other culture. (I.T) 3.In Palean times, the Brim River may not be as deep and broad as it is currently. (CP) 4.The fact that there are abundant resources currently does not indicate th

9、at those resources also existed in Palean times. (CP) 5.Other reasons other than food shortages may well result in the migration of a culture. (I.E) 2 3 227, （城市，社会/提议/并列）The following appeared as an editorial in a local newspaper.In order to attract visitors to Central Plaza downtown and to return

10、the plaza to its former glory(5), the city should prohibit skateboarding there and instead allow skateboarders to use an area in Monroe Park(2). At Central Plaza, skateboard users are about the only people one sees now, and litter and defaced property have made the plaza unattractive(1). In a recent

11、 survey of downtown merchants(3), the majority supported a prohibition on skateboarding in the plaza. Clearly, banning skateboarding in Central Plaza will make the area a place where people can congregate for fun or for relaxation(4,6). 1.The author unfairly assumes that it is the presence of skateb

12、oarders that result in the current situation of the plaza. (confusing the cause and the effect) 2.There may be some negative impacts of allowing skateboarders to use part of Monroe Park. (adv:disadv) 3.The survey was based only on data from downtown merchants, thus could not be representative of all

13、 citizens. (selective sample) 4.The author unfairly assumes that banning skateboarding in Central Plaza would suffice to make the plaza an attractive place. (sufficiency of the solution) 5.The author fails to consider other possible means to regain the plazas prosperity. (necessity of the solution)

14、6.Skateboarding may actually be helpful for achieving the citys objective of providing a fun and relaxing place for people to congregate. (adv:disadv) 4 （商业，地产/建议/对比+并列）The following was posted on an Internet real estate discussion site.Of the two leading real estate firms in our townAdams Realty an

15、d Fitch RealtyAdams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time(1,2,5). Moreover, Adams revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitchs $144,000(3,4,6). Home

16、s listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month(7). Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use A

17、dams. 1.The author provides no evidence that the quality of a real estate firm is directly proportional to the number of its agents or the number of hours per week that its agents work. (U.C) 2.The author does not provide any information about how many Adams agents work part-time.( ex parte informat

18、ion) 3.Last years sales result may not be representative. (selective sample) 4.The disparity in sales volume can readily be explained by factors other than the comparative quality of the two firms, such as serving area and location.(NCR) 5.For lack of data concerning the average number of homes sold

19、 per agent, we cannot evaluate the actual performance of agents in the two firms.(V.D) 6.The fact that the average sales price of a home sold by Adams is higher than the average price of a home sold by Fitch does not indicate that Adams is more effective in selling homes than Fitch. (NCR) 7.The disp

20、arity in the speed of a sale is explainable by other plausible factors that would change through the time, or some essential differences of the two properties. (F.A/I.C/PF) 5 （交通安全/提议/类比）The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.The population of Balmer Island inc

21、reases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians(4), the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by each of the islands six moped and bicycle rental companies(5) from 50 per day to 30 per day(6) during the s

22、ummer season(7). By limiting the number of rentals, the town council is sure to attain the 50 percent reduction in moped accidents(1,4) that was achieved last year in the neighboring island of Torseau(3), when Torseaus town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals(2). 1.The author assumes th

23、at all other conditions in Balmer that might affect the rate of moped-pedestrian accidents will remain unchanged after the restrictions are enacted. (PF) 2.The author fails to consider other possible explanations for the 50% decline in Torseaus moped accident rate last year. (NCR) 3.Balmer Island an

24、d Torseau may not be comparable. (F.A) 4.The author provides no evidence that the same restrictions that served to reduce the incidence of all moped accidents by 50% would also serve to reduce the incidence of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians by 50%. (U.C) 5.We do not know what percentage

25、of mopeds in Balmer Island is rented by the six companies. (V.D) 6.The author fails to provide accurate data about the current number of mopeds rented by the six companies per day. (I.I) 7.The proposed regulation may not be necessary for the authors purpose. (necessity of the solution) 6 45, （动物/推测/

26、并列）The following appeared as an editorial in a wildlife journal.Arctic deer live on islands in Canadas arctic region. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of a year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed, and

27、 cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters(1), the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends(2) that hav

28、e caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the decline in arctic deer populations is the result of deer being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns(4) across the frozen sea(3). 1.The accuracy of the reports from local hunters can be cast doubt on. (selective sample) 2.The global

29、warming trends may have no effects on the specific region mentioned by the editorial. (C.S) 3.Alternative explanations can also account for the decline in arctic deer population.(NCR) 4.The change in climate patterns does not necessarily lead to the decline in deer population, deer may adapt themsel

30、ves to the new weather by certain means. (NCR) 7 44, （经营/决策/大并列小递进）The following is a recommendation from the business manager of Monarch Books.Monarch Books should open a caf in its store(5) to attract more customers(3) and better compete with Regal Books, which recently opened a caf(1,2). Monarch,

31、 which has been in business at the same location for more than twenty years, has a large customer following because it is known for its wide selection of books on all subjects. Opening the caf would clearly attract more customers. The caf would require relatively little space. Space could be made for the caf by discontinuing the childrens book section(4), which will likely become less popular(8) given that the last national census(6) indicated a significant decline in the percent of the population(7) who are under age ten. 1.The manager offers no evidence that the two b