定语从句.docx

1、定语从句 江苏高考英语语法专项复习（一）定语从句1、基本知识定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，被修饰的名词或代词为先行词，引导定语从句的词为关联词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开，修饰主句中某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句通常用逗号与主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可以修饰整个句子。解定语从句分三步走：第一，确定先行词；第二，看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能；第三，选择合适的关联词。关系代词指代例句解释who人The man who helped you is Mr.White.从句中作主语whomThat is the person

2、 who/whom/thatyou want to see.从句中作宾语可省略whoseHe is the father whose son studies very well in our class.从句中作定语thatIm not the fool that you thought me to be.从句中作表语asHe is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.从句中作宾语that事物The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.从句中作宾语whichA dicti

3、onary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words.从句中作主语whoseHe lives in a room whose window faces south.从句中作定语asIt is such a big stone as nobody can lift.从句中作宾语整句As is known to all, he is the best student.从句中作主语关系副词指代例句解释when时间Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk.从句中作状语where地点T

4、he house where the live is not very large.从句中作状语why原因This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.从句中作状语2、高考考点分析（1）考察以that与which引导的定语从句1. 通常只能用that的情况（1）当先行词为不定代词时；如：all/few/little/much/something/anything/nothing/everything/none【例题】His brother did he could to help him.A. all which B.all wha

5、t C.all D.which【解析】C。句中did是及物动词，后缺少宾语，故用all作为did的宾语，定语从句中缺少宾语，同时因为all为不定代词，故选择关系代词that，因为此时that充当宾语可以省略，故正确答案为C。（2）当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者本身是序数词、形容词最高级时；【例句】He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。注：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who（3）当先行词被the only/the very/the same/the last等修饰时；【例句】This is the sam

6、e bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。注：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who如：Lucy is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.Lucy我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。（4）当先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物时；【例句】I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。（5）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that

7、；【例句】Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？（6） 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that【例句】There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。2. 通常只能用which的情况（1）当先行词为that或those时；【例句】Whats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？（2）当关系代词前有介词时；【例句】This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。（3）当引

8、导非限制性定语从句时；【例句】Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。（4）当存在两个定语从句，其中一个用了that,另一个最好使用which【例句】Let me show you the novel that I borrowed form the library which was newly open to us.（2）考察以who、whom与whose引导的定语从句1. 如果先行词是指人的不定代词作先行词，作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who；如：anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody/someon

9、e/somebody/nobody/one/ones/those/all【例句】Anyone who breaks the rules will be punished.任何违反规则的人都将受到惩罚。2. 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词为人，作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom或who，作介词宾语的时候只能用whom；【例题】Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of wh

10、om【解析】D。此题意为“上周只有两人来看这所房子，他们俩中没有一个人想买这所房子。”根据题意，他们两人都不想买房，因此用neither，neither表两者都不。3. 在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose，表示某物时，它相当于the+名词+of +which或of+which+the+名词；表示某人时，它相当于the+名词+of +whom或of+whom+the+名词。【例题】Have you seen the film Titanic, _leading actor is world famous?A.its B.it C.whose D.which【解析】C。考查关系代词在定

11、语从句中充当定语的用法。故定语从句应由whose引导。正确答案为C。（3）考察以when、where与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which，其中where=inat +which； when=atinduring +which；why=for +which。1. 关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词；2. 关系副词when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词；3. 关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。【例题】All the nei

12、ghbors admire this family, _the parents are treating their child like a friend. 2008安徽卷A. why B. where C. which D. that【解析】B。本题考查定语从句。该空中需用关系副词，在从句中作地点状语从句修饰先行词this family，；选项A. why作关系副词只能修饰先行词the reason；选项C和D是关系代词，不合题意。【例题】Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 2008

13、山东卷A. who B. which C. why D. when【解析】 D。考查定语从句关系词的选择。此题关键是要根据句意看出是定语从句。句意为：我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。Occasions是先行词，所选关系词在定语从句中要做时间状语，故可排除其他选项。（4）考察以as引导的定语从句1. 先行词与such，the same连用时，常用关系代词as；注：the same as 和 the same that 引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是：前者修饰的是与原物同样的，后者修饰的就是先行词本身This is the same watch as I lost.（不是同一只）This

14、is the same watch that I lose. （是同一只）2. 在引导非限制性定语从句中，指代前面句子的内容时用which或as，指代后面句子的内容时只能用as，即as，which在指代整个句子内容，引导非限制性定语从句时，都可以置于句中，但as还可以放在句首；3. 表示“正如”时，只能用关系代词as。如：as is known to all，as we all know,as (it) often happens，as has been said beforeas was expected，as is said aboveas is mentioned above，as is

15、 reported等。【例题】_is know to everybody, the moon travel round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What.【解析】B。as作“正如” 解，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语as is known， as is said， as is reported， as is announced， as is mentioned等。故正确答案为B。【例题】_is reported in the newspapers, talks between

16、the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What【解析】B。由题干的句子结构及内容看，逗号之前，应为非限制性定语从句，应由as引导，表示“正如报纸上所报道的”，若选A 项，此句应为：It is reported in the newspapers that talks between。若选D 项，此句应为：What is reported in the newspapers is that talks between。（5）考察“介词+关系代词” 当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时

17、，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which”，指人则用“介词+whom，且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。【例题】By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. 2008福建卷A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which【解

18、析】D。考查非限制性定语从句中介词的搭配。一道罕见的彩虹出现在Mount Qomolangma的上方。appeared a rare rainbow为倒装形式。【例题】We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008上海卷)A. which B. whoseC. in which D. with which【解析】C此题考查定语从句的用法。period后面的定语从句中缺少时间状语，要用when,而此题中没有when,所以要选择in which相当于in the peri

19、od,表示时间，作句中的状语。which要在定语从句中作主语或宾语，而此处的“介词+which”中要选择介词in,而不选择with.（6）考察先行词为“the way”的定语从句the way作先行词时定语从句的引导词用in which，that或者省略。【例题】What surprised me was not what he said but _he said itAthe way Bin the way that Cin the way Dthe way which【解析】此句中notbut连接两个并列成分，即the way与what从句作并列表语way后的定语从句的引导词作状语用in

20、which，that或者省略。所以答案选A。（7）考察定语从句主谓一致 在oneof结构中，先行词为of后的复数名词或代词，从句谓语用复数形式；先行词是“theonly/veryoneof复数名词”时，从句谓语用单数形式。【例句】Heisoneofthestudentswhowereawarded.他是受到嘉奖的学生之一。【例句】Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasawarded.他是唯一一个受到嘉奖的学生。3、高考回顾1In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of_ purposes is to re

21、lieve worldwide starvation.(2017江苏，28)Awhich BitsCwhose Dwhom【答案】C【解析】句意为：联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的目的之一就是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，purposes与the World Food Programme存在所属关系，且空处在句中作定语，因此选C项。2The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京，31)Athat

22、BasCwhere Dwhen【答案】A【解析】句意为：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that。as引导定语从句时，多用于the same.as.，such.as.等结构中；where，when引导定语从句时，在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。3My eldest son，_ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(2017天津，9)Athat BwhoseChis Dwho【答案

23、】B【解析】句意为：我的长子现在在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后的名词有所属关系，故应用whose。4Many young people，most _ were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏，23)Aof which Bof themCof whom Dof those【答案】C【解析】句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为many young

24、people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。5I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京，22)Awhose BwhyCwhere Dwhich【答案】A【解析】句意为：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。6We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_ the weather may be better

25、.(2016天津，9)Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhen【答案】D【解析】句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知先行词为next week，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。7Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved.(2016浙江，11)Awhom BwhichCwhat Dthat【答案】B【解析】句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到

26、证实。分析句子成分可知，逗号后是“代词ofwhich/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词many theories，指物，故应用 which。8The number of smokers，_ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江苏，21)Ait BwhichCwhat Das【答案】D【解析】句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，符合句意，故选D项。9Opposite is St.Pauls Church，_ you can hear some lov

27、ely music.(2015北京，24)Awhich BthatCwhen Dwhere【答案】D【解析】句意为：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。 先行词是St.Pauls Church；从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，用where。故选D。10Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015浙江，19)Aas BwhoseCin which Dat which【答案】C【解析】句意为：创造让雇员感受到自己是团队一

28、部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知，_ employees feel part of a team是一个定语从句，从句中缺少状语，故用where或“介词which”引导，根据与先行词an atmosphere的搭配可判断介词用in，故选C项。11The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.(2015天津，15)Awhere BwhichCwhen Dwho【答案】A【解析】句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以

29、在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an easy atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。12China Today attracts a worldwide readership，_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015福建，34)Awho Bwhom Cthat Dwhich【答案】D【解析】句意为：今日中国吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用

30、which来引导。13It is a truly delightful place，_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015湖南，29)Aas BwhereCthat Dwhich【答案】D【解析】句意为：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用which或that引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。14Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends.(2015安徽，28)Ait BthatCwhose Dwhich【答案】D【解析】句意为：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it