教案冠代词形容词副词名词.docx

1、教案冠代词形容词副词名词第一讲冠词名词目的与考点分析：不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法; 定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法; 2.考查冠词在固定搭配中的用法 ，包括零冠词(即不用冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法 ; 3.考查不定冠词在具体化抽象名词前的用法 ; 4.考查冠词在比较级前的用法 ; 5.考查冠词在其他特点知识点归纳：冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)，定冠词(the)，和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法1.指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.2.第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for y

2、ou.有个男孩在等你。3.表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day.4.表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.(活雷锋)6.用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit

3、, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7.用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8.用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词)a success(具体化) 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事

4、a must 必需必备的东西a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识10.与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。 II.定冠词的用法1.表示某一类人或物 In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. th

5、e; the2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4.用于演奏乐器play the violin, play the guitar5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the rich, the living, the wounded6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”(对比上文的不定冠词用法5)Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont hav

6、e _ Johnson here in the village.A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /7.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10.在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s(二十世

7、纪九十年代)11.用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12.用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder.13.与比较级和最高级连用比较级+ and +比较级表示越来越The harder he works, the happier he feels.表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。who is the older of the tow boys?三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest

8、 of the three.III.不用冠词(又名零冠词)的情况 1.专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2.名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3.季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4.表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President

9、 of America.5.表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess.6.与by连用表示交通方式的名词前 We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent. A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;不填7.以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8.表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful

10、 animals.个人总结：冠词：a second time/chance/try; 20 miles a second, go out for a walk/drive, have a break/swim/rest; a cold March , on a trip/visit to, a useful book/a university/a European country.an honest boy/hour. A “u”an”s”. the Smiths,the poor/disabled, one of the+最高级+复数名词。The USA, stay in bed/hospi

11、taltake to safety, in case of fire.1._ the small town is! Yes, it is more beautiful than _ town that I visited last year. A. How beautiful; the B. How beautifully; the C. How beautifully; a D. How beautiful; a2-Hou do you go to_work?-I ususlly take_bus.Athe,a B/, a C. a, a Dthe,3_ apple a day keeps

12、the doctor away!What do you mean? I have never heard of _ saying before.A. An, a B. An, the C. A, the D. A, a4. The film Lost in Thailand is most interesting movie I have ever seen. - Yes. Ill see it for second time. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the5.There is _ “s”in _ word “bus”. A.a;a B.an;

13、the C.a; the D.an; a名词名词复数的不规则变化 内部元音字母发生变化eg：foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, mouse-mice, man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policemen 词尾发生变化eg：child-children 单复数一样eg：deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, people-people 表示“某国人”的单复数变化单复数同形：eg：Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese词尾加

14、s：eg：German-Germans, Russian-Russians, Indian-Indians, American-Americans, Australian-Australians, Canadian-Canadians, Brazilian-Brazilians, Italian-Italians变man为men：eg：Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen复合名词的复数变化：（1）第一部分为man，woman时，前后两部分都变成复数eg：a woman teacher-women teachers, a man doctor-me

15、n doctors（2）boy, girl, shoe等其它名词作定语时，只在第二部分词尾加复数eg：a boy student-boy students, a girl friend-girl friends, a shoe shop-shoe shops（3）特殊词，需特殊记忆 eg：sports meet, clothes shop特殊情况：（1）部分名词只有复数： eg：clothes, pants, trousers, shorts, goods (商品), glasses, works (作品)（2）部分名词以“s”结尾，但不是复数： eg：news, physics, polit

16、ics, works（3）有些词加“s”后表示另一种意思： eg：room (空间)-rooms (房间), paper (纸)-papers (卷子), work (工作)-works (作品); fish(鱼肉)-fishes(活鱼), glass(玻璃)-glasses(眼镜), arm (胳膊)-arms (武器);custom (习俗)-customs (海关), plant (种植)-plants (工厂), good (好)-goods 商品;wood (木头)-woods (树林)（4）“数+名+形”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词必须是单数： eg：a four-year-old

17、 boy, a 100-meter-long road（5）集合名词，people, police以单数形式出现，但实为复数： eg：Chinese people are great. / The police have caught the thief.（6）集合名词family分两种情况，当家庭讲，是单数；当家人讲，是复数概念： eg：My family is big, and my family are all kind. Attention: 当很多个家庭讲，就要变复数: family-families常见的不可数名词：气体：gas, air, biogas, oxygen, O3 液

18、体：water, lemonade, tea, coffee, cocoa, coke, oil, gasoline肉类：pork, mutton, beef, fish, chicken, meat粮食：rice, wheat, sushi, bread, flour, butter, curry垃圾：rubbish, garbage, trash, litter材质：silk, cotton, lather, rubber , wool特别注意：food是食物的总称，不可数，foods是指具体的某种食物 fruit是水果的总称，不可数，fruits是指具体的某种水果 room当“房间”讲，

19、是可数；当“空间”讲，是不可数 experience当“经历”讲，是可数；当“经验”讲，是不可数 exercise当“习题”讲，是可数；当“运动”讲，是不可数 cake“蛋糕”可数；bread“面包”不可数总体原则：气体，液体和肉类是不可数名词名词所有格概念：表示某事物的所有关系（1）有生命的人或物，表示“所有”关系，在末尾加s 单数和不以“s”结尾的复数，直接加s eg：the boys name, Jims bag, Marys book, Childrens DayAttention：单数以“s”结尾的，还是加s eg：my bosss mother 以“s”结尾的复数，直接加 eg:

20、students book, Teachers Day, Nurses Day Attention：Mothers Day, Fathers Day A, B and Cs概念：表示共同拥有 eg：Mary and Jims teacher is Mr. Lee. As, Bs and Cs概念：表示分别拥有 eg：Marys and Jims teachers are good. 有些表示时间、距离、价值、重量、国家城市等无生命的名词，也可加s （TDP-WC）eg：todays newspaper, a weeks time, two miles distance, three dolla

21、rs pen, two tons weight,Chinas population, Wuhans environment（2）无生命的事物，加所有格，用of结构：名词+of+所有者eg：A photo of my family, the name of the zoo, the front wall of the classroom（3）双重所有格概念：部分和整体之间的关系，许多中的一个或一部分结构： of+s eg：a book of Marys, some books of Amys of+名物代 eg：a friend of hers, some apples of mine个人总结：

22、名词. 名词分清可数不可数，可数分清单数复数， 所有格。Experience.roomKnife, roofs, chiefs,potatoGerman- -3women teachers ,2shoe factories, congratulations,cattle/deer/sheep/ people/mail,tooth- ,Teachers Day, Mothers Day, Childrens Day,A five-minute walk/ five minutes walk, in a few days/in a few days time. Someone elses bag,

23、 either side of the street/ both sides of the street, Tom and Jackmother/ Toms and Jackmothers, a friend of mine/his/hers. a friend of my fathers , at my Uncles , 2 pieces of good news, 不可数名词：news/fun/ information/advice/work/weather/music. 1 -Two _died in the accident-_terrible it is!Apolicemen，How

24、 B.policeman,What C.police,What D.policemans,How2What _ you usually have for breakfast? _ and a cup of coffee.A. do, Three bread B. do, Three pieces of breadC. are, Three breads D. are, Three piece of bread3 What are the _ doing there? They are busy _ their science experiment. A. Boys students; to d

25、o B. Boy students; to do C. Boys students; doing D. Boy students; doing4 Could you please tell me something about the two_? _. They are exchange students of No. 1 Middle School. A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B. Frenchmans; Come on C. Germen; Not at all D. Germans; All right 5 Will you make for the old l

26、ady?Sure. Just my seat. A. room; take B. a room; live C. room ; sit D. rooms; sit6. Who is the boy glasses?He is a students of . A. wearing; Mr. Wang B. wears; Mr. Wangs C. with; Mr. Wangs D. in; Mr. Wangs第二讲 代词课前热身1.All of (我们)are from Beijing.2. Dont worry. (我们)will come and help(他)3( )A friend of

27、 will come to our school today.A. my B. his C. her D. your4( )This book is mine and that one is . A. her B. shes C .hers D. hers5( )Help to some fish, everyone.A. yourself B. you C. yours D. yourselves6( )I do it . A. myself B. me C.I D. mine7( )Students should know how to help. A. another B. other

28、C. others D. the others8( )Is there anything in yourhand?A. other B. the other C. another D. each9( )he has two sons, of them is a teacher.A both B. neither C. all D. none10. ( )I had a talk with of the girls.A every B. other C. each D. another二、重点讲解（一）人称代词： 单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三

29、人称it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches _(we) Chinese .2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为: 单数:二,三,一 （You, she and I ） 复数:一,二,三 (we , you and they )_ and _in the same class.她和我在同一个班级。注:：若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)Who broke the window ? _and _.谁打破的窗户？我和迈克。（二）.物主代词.第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourits/his/hertheir名词性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs1. 形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。2. 名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。Our classroom is as big as _ (they). This is a friend of _ (my).注: 1）（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词）This isnt _ bag , _