民法典中英对照官方翻译版第一编.docx

1、民法典中英对照官方翻译版第一编中华人民共和国民法典Civil Code of the Peoples Republic of China(2020年5月28日第十三届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过)(Adopted at the Third Session of the Thirteenth National Peoples Congress on May 28， 2020)第一编总则 Book One：General Part第一章 基本规定Chapter I： General Provisions第一条【立法目的】为了保护民事主体的合法权益，调整民事关系，维护社会和经济秩序，适应中国特色社

2、会主义发展要求，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，根据宪法，制定本法。Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China for the purposes of protecting the lawful rights and interests of the persons of the civil law， regulating civil-law relations， maintaining social and economic order， m

3、eet the needs for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics， and carrying forward the core socialist values.第二条【调整范围】民法调整平等主体的自然人、法人和非法人组织之间的人身关系和财产关系。Article 2 The civil law regulates personal and proprietary relationships among the persons of the civil law， namely， natural persons， legal p

4、ersons， and unincorporated organizations that are equal in status.第三条【民事权益受法律保护】民事主体的人身权利、财产权利以及其他合法权益受法律保护，任何组织或者个人不得侵犯。Article 3 The personal rights， proprietary rights， and other lawful rights and interests of the persons of the civil law are protected by law and free from infringement by any org

5、anization or individual.第四条【平等原则】民事主体在民事活动中的法律地位一律平等。Article 4 All persons of the civil law are equal in legal status when conducting civil activities.第五条【自愿原则】民事主体从事民事活动，应当遵循自愿原则，按照自己的意思设立、变更、终止民事法律关系。Article 5 When conducting a civil activity， a person of the civil law shall， in compliance with th

6、e principle of voluntariness， create， alter， or terminate a civil juristic relationship according to his own will.第六条【公平原则】民事主体从事民事活动，应当遵循公平原则，合理确定各方的权利和义务。Article 6 When conducting a civil activity， a person of the civil law shall， in compliance with the principle of fairness， reasonably clarify th

7、e rights and obligations of each party.第七条【诚信原则】民事主体从事民事活动，应当遵循诚信原则，秉持诚实，恪守承诺。Article 7 When conducting a civil activity， a person of the civil law shall， in compliance with the principle of good faith， uphold honesty and honor commitments.第八条【守法与公序良俗原则】民事主体从事民事活动，不得违反法律，不得违背公序良俗。Article 8 When cond

8、ucting a civil activity， no person of the civil law shall violate the law， or offend public order or good morals.第九条【绿色原则】民事主体从事民事活动，应当有利于节约资源、保护生态环境。Article 9 When conducting a civil activity， a person of the civil law shall act in a manner that facilitates conservation of resources and protection

9、of the ecological environment.第十条【法律适用】处理民事纠纷，应当依照法律；法律没有规定的，可以适用习惯，但是不得违背公序良俗。Article 10 Civil disputes shall be resolved in accordance with law. Where the law does not specify， custom may be applied， provided that public order and good morals may not be offended.第十一条【优先适用特别法】其他法律对民事关系有特别规定的，依照其规定。

10、Article 11 Where there are other laws providing special provisions regulating civil-law relations， such provisions shall be followed.第十二条【效力范围】中华人民共和国领域内的民事活动，适用中华人民共和国法律。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。Article 12 The laws of the Peoples Republic of China shall apply to the civil activities taking place within the te

11、rritory of the Peoples Republic of China， except as otherwise provided by law.第二章 自然人Chapter II：Natural Persons第一节 民事权利能力和民事行为能力Section 1：Capacity for Enjoying Civil-law Rights and Capacity for Performing Civil Juristic Acts第十三条【自然人民事权利能力的起止】自然人从出生时起到死亡时止，具有民事权利能力，依法享有民事权利，承担民事义务。Article 13 A natura

12、l person shall， from the time of birth until the time of death， have the capacity for enjoying civil-law rights， and may enjoy civil-law rights and assume civil-law duties in accordance with law.第十四条【自然人民事权利能力平等】自然人的民事权利能力一律平等。Article 14 All natural persons are equal in their capacity for enjoying c

13、ivil-law rights.第十五条【自然人出生和死亡时间的判断标准】自然人的出生时间和死亡时间，以出生证明、死亡证明记载的时间为准；没有出生证明、死亡证明的，以户籍登记或者其他有效身份登记记载的时间为准。有其他证据足以推翻以上记载时间的，以该证据证明的时间为准。Article 15 The time of birth and time of death of a natural person are determined by the time recorded on his birth or death certificate as applied， or， if there is n

14、o birth or death certificate， by the time recorded in the natural persons household registration or other valid identity certificate. If there is sufficient evidence overturning the time recorded in the aforementioned documents， the time that is established by such evidence shall prevail.第十六条【胎儿利益的特

15、殊保护】涉及遗产继承、接受赠与等胎儿利益保护的，胎儿视为具有民事权利能力。但是，胎儿娩出时为死体的，其民事权利能力自始不存在。Article 16 A fetus is deemed as having the capacity for enjoying civil-law rights in estate succession， acceptance of gift， and other situations where protection of a fetus interests is involved. However， a stillborn fetus does not have

16、such capacity ab initio.第十七条【成年人与未成年人的年龄标准】十八周岁以上的自然人为成年人。不满十八周岁的自然人为未成年人。Article 17 A natural person aged 18 or above is an adult. A natural person under the age of 18 is a minor.第十八条【完全民事行为能力人】成年人为完全民事行为能力人，可以独立实施民事法律行为。十六周岁以上的未成年人，以自己的劳动收入为主要生活来源的，视为完全民事行为能力人。Article 18 An adult has full capacity

17、 for performing civil juristic acts and may independently perform civil juristic acts.A minor aged 16 or above whose main source of support is the income from his own labor is deemed as a person with full capacity for performing civil juristic acts.第十九条【限制民事行为能力的未成年人】八周岁以上的未成年人为限制民事行为能力人，实施民事法律行为由其法

18、定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意、追认；但是，可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其年龄、智力相适应的民事法律行为。Article 19 A minor aged 8 or above has limited capacity for performing civil juristic acts， and may perform a civil juristic act through or upon consent or ratification of his legal representative， provided that such a minor may independen

19、tly perform a civil juristic act that is purely beneficial to him or that is appropriate to his age and intelligence.第二十条【无民事行为能力的未成年人】不满八周岁的未成年人为无民事行为能力人，由其法定代理人代理实施民事法律行为。Article 20 A minor under the age of 8 has no capacity for performing civil juristic acts， and may perform a civil juristic act

20、only through his legal representative.第二十一条【无民事行为能力的成年人】不能辨认自己行为的成年人为无民事行为能力人，由其法定代理人代理实施民事法律行为。八周岁以上的未成年人不能辨认自己行为的，适用前款规定。Article 21 An adult unable to comprehend his own conduct has no capacity for performing civil juristic acts， and may perform a civil juristic act only through his legal represen

21、tative.The preceding paragraph is applicable to a minor aged 8 or above who is unable to comprehend his own conduct.第二十二条【限制民事行为能力的成年人】不能完全辨认自己行为的成年人为限制民事行为能力人，实施民事法律行为由其法定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意、追认；但是，可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其智力、精神健康状况相适应的民事法律行为。Article 22 An adult unable to fully comprehend his own conduct h

22、as limited capacity for performing civil juristic acts， and may perform a civil juristic act through or upon consent or ratification of his legal representative， provided that such an adult may independently perform a civil juristic act that is purely beneficial to him or that is appropriate to his

23、intelligence and mental status.第二十三条【法定代理人】无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的监护人是其法定代理人。Article 23 The guardian of a person who has no or limited capacity for performing civil juristic acts is the legal representative of the person.第二十四条【无民事行为能力人或限制民事行为能力人的认定与恢复】不能辨认或者不能完全辨认自己行为的成年人，其利害关系人或者有关组织，可以向人民法院申请认定该成年人为无民

24、事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人。被人民法院认定为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人的，经本人、利害关系人或者有关组织申请，人民法院可以根据其智力、精神健康恢复的状况，认定该成年人恢复为本条规定的有关组织包括：居民委员会、村民委员会、学校、医疗机构、妇女联合会、残疾人联合会、依法设立的老年人组织、民政部门等。Article 24 Where an adult is unable to comprehend or fully comprehend his conduct， any interested person of such an adult or a relevant organi

25、zation may request the peoples court to declare that the said adult be identified as a person with no or limited capacity for performing civil juristic acts.Where a person has been identified by a peoples court as a person with no or limited capacity for performing civil juristic acts， the peoples c

26、ourt may， upon request of the person， an interested person thereof， or a relevant organization， and based on the recovery of his intelligence and mental health， declare that the said person becomes a person with limited or full capacity for performing civil juristic acts.A relevant organization refe

27、rred to in this Article includes a residents committee， a villagers committee， a school， a medical institution， the womens federation， the disabled persons federation， a legally established organization for senior people， the civil affairs department， and the like.第二十五条【自然人的住所】自然人以户籍登记或者其他有效身份登记记载的居

28、所为住所；经常居所与住所不一致的，经常居所视为住所。Article 25 The domicile of a natural person is the residence recorded in the household or other valid identification registration system; if a natural persons habitual residence is different from his domicile， the habitual residence is deemed as his domicile.第二节 监护Section 2

29、：Guardianship第二十六条【父母子女之间的法律义务】父母对未成年子女负有抚养、教育和保护的义务。成年子女对父母负有赡养、扶助和保护的义务。Article 26 Parents have the duty to raise， educate， and protect their minor children. Adult children have the duty to support， assist， and protect their parents.第二十七条【未成年人的监护人】父母是未成年子女的监护人。未成年人的父母已经死亡或者没有监护能力的，由下列有监护能力的人按顺序担任监

30、护人：（一）祖父母、外祖父母；（二）兄、姐；（三）其他愿意担任监护人的个人或者组织，但是须经未成年人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会或者民政部门同意。Article 27 The parents of a minor are his guardians.Where the parents of a minor are deceased or incompetent to be his guardians， the following persons， if competent， shall act as his guardians in the following order：(1) his p

31、aternal grandparents and maternal grandparents; (2) his elder brothers and sisters; or(3) any other individual or organization that is willing to act as his guardian， provided that consent must be obtained from the residents committee， the villagers committee， or the civil affairs department in the

32、place where the minors domicile is located.第二十八条【无、限制民事行为能力的成年人的监护人】无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的成年人，由下列有监护能力的人按顺序担任监护人：（一）配偶；（二）父母、子女；（三）其他近亲属；（四）其他愿意担任监护人的个人或者组织，但是须经被监护人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会或者民政部门同意。Article 28 For an adult who has no or limited capacity for performing civil juristic acts， the following persons， if competent， shall act as his guardians in the following order：(1) his spouse;(2) his parents and his children;(3) any other close