小学生英语趣味语法及练习w.docx

1、小学生英语趣味语法及练习w小学英语语法复习一、名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数：woman-women policeman-poli

2、cemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 复数口诀： 鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee；其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。写出下列单词的复数形式。bus box glass class watch mango fly sheep people man woman apple family library baby boy toy child foo

3、t strawberry horse policeman dress Fish tooth country foot dragonfly me building cloth this that circle story I him this her watch child photo diary day foot book dress tooth sheep box strawberry thief yo-yo peach sandwich man woman paper juice water milk rice tea 二、名词所有格的构成法 1. 主要是在词尾加s 构成。如: This

4、is Toms desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。That is Mikes book. 那是迈克的书。Toms and sandys book 分别拥有Tom and sandys book 共同拥有 2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个 . 如: the teachers reading room 教师阅览室 the pupils pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒 teachers day 3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s 。如： the childrens palace 少年宫mens room 男厕所名词所有格，s前面加一撇，复

5、数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。一、 写出下列名词的复数形式puter 2.apple 3.city 4.house 5.sheep 6.watch 7.tomato 8.child 9.tooth 10.foot 11.wife 12.potato 13.play 14.day 15.glass 16.radio 17.zoo 18.life 19.story 20.leaf 21.baby 22.dress 23.butterfly 24.deer 25.class 26.brush 27.key 28.English 29.mouse 30.man 二、汉译英

6、1.Tom的足球 2.老师们的自行 3.学生们的课桌 4.哥哥的文具 5.姑姑的卡片 6.猴子们的香蕉 7.蚂蚁们的早餐 8.妈妈的包 9.姐姐的连衣裙 10.女孩们的苹 三、把下列句子翻译成英文1.这些是Peter的篮球吗？ _ _2这个是老师的钢笔吗?_3有一些书在Sam的课桌上。_4有一些孩子们在教室里。_四、改错 （圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）1.There are some butterflys on the table. 2.This is Alice dress. 3.I like tomato very much. 五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1.This dog is bro

7、wn._2. There is a book and a pen on the table._3.That woman is a teacher._三、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词1人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表： 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称主格（单数Iyouhesheit宾格Meyouhimsheit中文我你他她它主格（复数weyouthey宾格usyouthem中文我们你们他们主格与宾格： 人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。 人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bu

8、s.她正坐在公共汽车上。 人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is bad.I cant write with it.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序 人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。1） 单数代词：you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I2） 复数代词：we and they ; we and you ; you and they; we, you and they3） 第三人称单数代词：he and she*人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一，复数人

9、称一、二、三；麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见；两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。3.物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性名词性My（我的）mine（我的什么）Our（我们的）our（我们的什么）your（你的）yours（你的什么）your（你们的）yours（你们的什么）his,her,its（他的）（她的）（它的）his,hers,its（他的什么）（她的什么）（它的什么）their（他们的）theirs（他们的什么）名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣?Its hers.

10、 是她的。 hers= her coat*关于物主代词的口诀：物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，my your his her its our their 不放过。形容词性是基础，除了我的?“mine”外，其他词尾“s”性形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。4、反身代词反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“*自己”。 数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesI can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。*反身

11、代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f5、指示代词This (这个)- these (这些) 指近处的事物That (那个)- these (那些) 指远处的事物例This is a book.这是本书。 These are some books.这些是书。 That is a car.那是辆小汽车。Those are some cars.那些是小汽车。代词练习题一、 根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Mary is a friend of _.( I )2. This is _( she ) ruler. _( I ) is in t

12、he bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _( he )4. This is _( I ) book. This book is _( I ).5. These pens are _( we ).二、改写下列句子Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine.1. That is her ruler. 2. These are their footballs. 3. This is my backpack . 4. Those are your boxes. 四、把下列句子改写成复数。1. This is

13、 a butterfly. 2. That is a bus. 3. It is a mouse. 五、改错。1.This is mine lamp. _2.These are ours books._ _3. That are their teacher._4.The house is my brother. _5. He has visited many country. _6. They are Chineses. _7. This is Tom red bike. _五、数词和冠词一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。1 最基本的基数

14、词如下表所示：110、1119、201001-one、11-eleven、2-two、12-twelve、20-twenty、3-three、13-thirteen30-thirty、4-four、14-fourteen、40-forty、5-five、15-fifteen、50-fifty6-six、16-sixteen、60-sixty、7-seven、17-seventeen、70-seventy8-eight、18-eighteen、80-eighty、9-nine、19-nineteen、90-ninety10-ten、100on-e hundred*基数词的写法 ：2199的两位数

15、，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。例：101 a hundred and one、320 three hundred and twenty、648 six hundred and forty-eight2序数词的构成1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例， four+ th- fourth six + th - sixth seven + th - seventh ten + th - tenth2）下面这些

16、基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例， one - first two - second three - third five- fifth eight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i，然后在加eth.例，twenty - twentieth thirty - thirtieth forty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth4） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，twenty one - twenty- first Thirty-five -t

17、hirty-fifth a hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third *基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, sixth）一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；（first，second，third）八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth）整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i ; th 前面有个e；要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。二、冠词 冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tr

18、ee ; an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book.1. 不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。She is a teacher. Thats an orange. 2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。This is a bus. The bus is big.3. 不用冠词的情况：1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如， Chinese, English, Jim等。2） 名词前已经有this, that, my

19、, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如， that mouse (那只老鼠) 3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如， at home 在家 go to school 去上学*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。*零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。1) at _home 2) go to_ bed 3)

20、 go to _school 4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time 6) _red apple 7)_ English book 8) _ spoon 9)_ orange 10) _melon 11) _ eraser二、选择填空1.There is _ “m” in the word “primary”A. an B.a C.the D./2.This is _ orange bike .A.a B.an C.the D/3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after suppe

21、r .A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world .A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening .A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river .A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ f

22、ruit .A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come .A.The B.a C.the D./9.Do you see _ book on _ table ?A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Wheres _ desk ? Its in _ middle of the room .A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine .A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is

23、 _ university near the farm .A.a B.an C.the D./13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 .A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _ Childrens Day .A.a B.an C.the D/ 16.This is _ bag . Tha

24、t is _ eraser .A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an 四、用代词填空:1._ , _ and _ are all good friends .A.We , you , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we 2._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ .A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , ours D.Our , theirs , we 3.

25、She lost _ pen . Will you lend her _ ?A.her , yours B.his , your C.hers , you D.their , yourself 4. “What are you doing ?” “I am looking at _ in the mirror ?”A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 5._ , _ and _ all enjoy music .A.She , you , I B.I , she , you C.You , she , I D.I , you , she 六、时态 一、一般现在时的定

26、义一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。二、一般现在时的结构一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s 或- es。现在以连系动词be 和行为动词read为例，对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其简略答语的构成以表格形式加以说明：动词肯定句否定句beI am I am not You/We/They are You/We/They are not He/She/It is .He/She/It is not readI/We/You/They readI/We/You/They/ do not read He/She/It re

27、ads He/She/It does not read 动词加-s 或-es （动词第三人称单数）当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s 或-es1 一般在词尾加 s例：workworks leave - leaves swim - swims2 以字母s，x，ch，sh 或o结尾的词加-es例：pass- passes fix -fixes teach - teaches do- does 3 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i再加-es例：study - studies carry - carries fly - flies cry - cries Have-has三、 一般现在时的用法1 表示经常或习惯性的动作。常与often（经常）, always（总是）, sometimes（有时）, every day（每天）, on Sundays/Mondays 等表示频度的时间状语连用。一般现在时的时间状语有：today, often, sometimes, always, usually, every day ( week, month, year,) , this year, once a week ( month, year,) 一周（月，年）一次例句：I get up at 6 oclock every day. He often go