9891年翻译题解.docx

1、9891年翻译题解98年翻译题解：71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been

2、able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.第二、句子主干结构是：主句+ for +原因状语从句。1)主句是强调句it was. that.被强调部分the farthest是后面句子的状语，可以理解为scientists had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past2) for.引导的原因状语从句是一个系表结构，what they wer

3、e seeing是从句中的主语，that.是名词表语the patterns and structures的定语从句。第三、词的处理：even more important (省略)更为重要的是the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形状和结构15 billion years ago 150亿年前完整的译文：71)但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big B

4、ang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the 1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.第二、句子

5、的主干结构是一个简单句。1)整体结构是：The existence. was virtually required for., to maintain. 2)first put forward in the 1920s是过去分词短语作插入语，说明前面的名词the Big Bang 3)后面的不定式短语是补语。第三、词的处理：the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云virtually 事实上，实际上，实质上the Big Bang 大爆炸理论first put forward 首创的，开始提出的in the 1920s 二十年代to maintain its reign as 以保持的

6、地位explanation of the cosmos 对宇宙(起源论)的解释完整的译文：72)巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所必不可少的。73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Astrophysici

7、sts working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments / are closing in on such structures, / and may report their findings soon.第二、句子主干结构是：1)主语+并列谓语Astrophysicists.are closing.and may report.2)分词短语working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-bor

8、ne instruments是主语的定语。第三、词的处理：working with使用，以为工作手段ground-based detectors 陆基探测器the South Pole 南极balloon-borne instruments 球载仪器are closing in on 正越来越近structures 云系findings 观测结果完整的译文：73)天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph

9、for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：If the small hot spots look as expected, / that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, / a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.第二、句子的结构：

10、1)主干结构是“If引导的条件句，主句”。2)look as expected是look as they are expected的省略，意思是“看上去和预想的一样”。3)another scientific idea和后面的短语a refinement of the Big Bang是同位语关系。4)过去分词短语called the inflationary universe theory作定语，修饰the Big Bang.第三、词的处理：the small hot spots 小热点refinement 更完美，提炼，改进the inflationary universe theory

11、宇宙膨胀说(理论)完整的译文： 74)假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it i

12、s true.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Odd though it sounds, / cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, / and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是倒装的让步状语从句+主句。Odd though i

13、t sounds = though it sounds odd2) consequence前后有多重定语。3) and many astrophysicists have been convinced为被动结构。4) that it is true是宾语从句。第三、词的处理：cosmic inflation 宇宙膨胀说scientifically plausible consequence 科学上可信的推论in elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理学convinced 被说服，相信for the better part of a decade 七八年来完整的译文

14、：75)宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。97年翻译题解：71) Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Actually, it isnt, because it assumes / that there is an agreed accou

15、nt of human rights, / which is something the world does not have.第二、句子主干结构是主从复合句。1)because引导原因状语从句2)that引导宾语从句，从句中是存在句结构there is an agreed account of human rights,3)which从句的先行词是human rights，something后面是定语从句the world does not have.第三、词的处理：Actually 事实上it主语代词，根据上下文意思这种问法，这种说法，isnt后面省略的词应该是so或truean agr

16、eed account 约定的看法，共同的认识human rights 人的权利，人权完整的译文：71)事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a

17、social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是主从复合句：Some philosophers argue that.2)that引导的是宾语从句3)as part of.是宾语从句中的rights的主语补足语。第三、词的处理：argue 论证a social contract 社会契约as part of 作为(是)的一部分entitlements 利益，权利完整的译文：72)有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分。73) It leads t

18、he discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think that animals sho

19、uld be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.第二、句子的结构是：1)it invites you to think that.后面是宾语从句。2) animals should be treated either with., or with.要么要么，是表示选择的方式状语。3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定语。第三、词的处理：leads .to e

20、xtremes 引向极端at the outset 从一开始invites you to think 使人们认为consideration 关切，体谅humans extend to other humans 人对待人完整的译文：73)这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think tha

21、t animals lie outside the area of moral choice.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, / extremists of this kind think / that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是现在分词短语状语，主语+谓语+宾语从句。Arguing from.现在分词短语作状语。2) t

22、he view和后面的从句that.是同位语关系3) that.引导宾语从句。第三、词的处理：Arguing from the view 从观点看，持观点different from. 与不同in every relevant respect 在各相关方面extremists 极端主义者，持极端观点的人lie outside the area of moral choice 不在道德问题范围，与道德取舍无关完整的译文：74)这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it

23、is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：When that happens, it is not a mistake: / it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, / an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.第二、句子主干结构

24、是两个复合句：1)When.是前一个复合句的时间状语2)instinct后面的介词短语for moral reasoning in action是它的定语3)that.是定语从句，修饰先行词an instinct，从句中是被动语态结构，表示选择。第三、词的处理：that(代词作主语)联系上下文译为这种反应mankinds instinct for moral reasoning 人类道德观念推理的本能in action 起作用rather than 而不完整的译文：75)这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。96年翻译题解：71) Some

25、 of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. / Others are reasonable consequenc

26、es of particular advances in science / being to some extent self-accelerating.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是对比句Some. are. reasonable results of. Others are reasonable consequences of.2) particular advances后面有多重定语in science being to some extent self-accelerating.第三、词的处理：are. results of是的结果，来自于social needs 社会需求to s

27、ome extent 在一定程度上self-accelerating 自我加速完整的译文：71)在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot

28、 generally be foreseen in detail.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion / that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment / cannot generally be foreseen in detail.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是主句+ wh

29、en引导的时间状语，when = at that time当时，那时。2)第一个that从句是主句宾语the conclusion的同位语。3)that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment是定语从句中的主语从句4)cannot generally be foreseen in detail是宾语从句的谓语。第三、词的处理：trend 趋势came to the conclusion 得出结论the specific demands 具体要求make of 向提出scientific establishment 科

30、研机构in detail 详尽完整的译文：72)这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：This seems mostly effectively done / by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals / but of possible consequence in the future.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是系词+过去分词+被动宾语：This seems mostly effectively done by.2)research后面是双重定语not related to. but of.由此断定related to意思等于of第三、词的处理：