译林牛津八年级下册 B知识点梳理.docx

1、译林牛津八年级下册 B知识点梳理牛津初中英语8B unit1unit8 知识点归纳8B Unit1【考点精讲】一、核心词汇1past n考点点拨 past作名词，意为“过去”，其还可作介词和形容词，可用于如下情况：in the past（n）在过去；half past(prep.)five 5点半；in the past(adj.)three years在过去的3年里。如：When he walks past our desks, he always knocks ourbooks and pens off the desks.当他走过我们课桌的时候，他总是把我们的书本和钢笔从课桌上碰掉下来。

2、The boy finished his homework with the help of his father in the past.这个男孩过去是在他父亲的帮助下完成作业的。2present n考点点拨present作名词，意为“现在，目前”。At presentat the momentright now目前；其还可作形 容词，your present job你目前的工作；present用作名词，还可表示“礼物”，a birthday present -份生日礼物。如：He is washing his clothes at present.现在他正在洗衣服。3northern ad

3、j。考点点拨 方位词：north-northern; west-western; south-southern; east-eastern。如：in the north of China in the northern part of China在中国北部East China华东；North China华北The northern part of the city used to be sparsely populated, but has now become a cultural centre.城北过去人口稀少，但现在成了文化中心。4pollution n考点点拨 常见短语：air pol

4、lution空气污染；noise pollution噪音污染；light pollution光污染。如：I could hardly believe she had made a video about water pollution by herself.我几乎不能相信她靠自己制作了一份有关水污染的录像。pollute作动词，意为“污染”，pollute the air污染空气。5interview n& vt考点点拨 interview作名词，意为“采访，会见”，还可作动词，意为“采访，面试”；interviewer作名词，意为“采访者，面试官”。如：interview sb have a

5、n interview with sb.采访某人Sally became a member of the company after the job interview.萨莉在求职面试后成为了这家公司的一员。I interviewed Mr Zhang yesterday afternoonI had an interview with Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我采访了张先生。6return v.考点点拨 return作“返回”讲时是不及物动词，相当于come/get back: 作“归还”讲时是及物动词，相当于giveback。return to s

6、omeplace回到某处；return sth to sb. give sthback to sb.把某物还给某人。return本身含有back的意思，不能再和back连用。如：他借了我的手机，还没还给我。正：He borrowed my mobile phone and hasnt returned it to me.误：He borrowed my mobile phone and hasnt returned it back to me.二、核心句型1. You used to share food with me!你过去常和我分享食物！考点点拨 used to do sth过去常常做某

7、事（现在不做了）；be used to do sth. be used for doing sth是被动语态结构，意为“被用来做某事”；be used to doing sth意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：I used to play tennis but I dont play it very often now.我过去常打网球，但现在不常打了。Stamps are used to post letters. Stamps are used for posting letters.邮票是用来寄信的。I am used to going to school

8、by bus.我习惯于坐公交车去学校。2. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and weve lived in this area since then.当我1965年结婚时，我和妻子搬到两个街区以外，从那以后一直住在这个地区。考点点拨 marry sb.嫁给娶某人；get married结婚（动作）；be married to sb.与某人结婚（状态）；getmarried to so. 与某人结婚（动作）。如：They married their daughter to an old rich

9、man.他们把女儿嫁给了一位年老的富人。This couple have been married for 50 years.这对夫妇结婚已有50年了。3. Anyway, its good to see the amazing changes in the town.不管怎样，看到小镇这些令人吃惊的变化还是很好的。考点点拨“Its+adj. (easy，important，bad，nice)+ (for sb.) to do sth”是英语中应用非常广泛的一个句型，意为“（对某人来说）做某事是（容易的，重要的，坏的，好的）”。其中it是形式主语，无实际意义，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to

10、do sth。如：It is important for us to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语对我们来说很重要。三、重点语法现在完成时1基本结构为：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词(1)表示过去发生的行为、动作或情况对现在造成的影响或结果。时间副词常用just(刚刚)，already（已经），still(仍然)，recently（最近），yet（还、尚），ever（曾经），never（从不）。其中just，already用于肯定句；yet，ever，never常用于疑问句或否定句；still，recently可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句。如：Hav

11、e you ever been to Hong Kong?你曾经去过香港吗I havent got the letter from my uncle yet.我还没收到我叔叔的信。(2)表示从过去开始并持续到现在的行为、动作或情况。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。for表示一段时间，后接时间段；since表示“自从”，后接时间点。(3)也常与so far(迄今为止)，in the past several years(在过去几年里)，ever since（迄今），in/during/over the past/last few years(在过去几年里)这类从过去到现在的时间状语连用

12、。在此类句子中，谓语动词要用持续性动词，而不能是短暂性动词。如：The children have been away from home since the new term began.(木用left)自从新学期开始，孩子们就已经离开了家。2具体的几组时间短语辨析ago用于一般过去时（用瞬间动词）；sinceago用于现在完成时；in the past用于一般过去时；in the past few years用于现在完成时；just now(置于句末)用于一般过去时；just(置于句中)用于现在完成时。如：I bought this dictionary three years ago.I

13、 have had this dictionary for three years.I have had this dictionary since three years ago.这本字典是我三年前买的。还可以用“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”改写为：It is three years since I bought this dictionary.【考点精练】一、单项选择( )1. (2014泰安)-Can you find our city _ a lot in recent years? -Yes. The road is wider and the buildi

14、ngs are taller. Ahas changed B changes C changed Dwill change( )2. (2014沈阳)Im not hungry because I have_ had lunch A ever B never Cjust Dstill( )3. (2014黔南)He came back late, so his father was very angry.（选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的一项） A arrived B gave back C returned Dreached( )4. (2014南充)She used to _ a bus t

15、o school, but now she is used to _ to school. A taking; walk B take; walk C taking; walking D. take; walking( )5. (2014平凉)She _ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter. A. married B has been married C. got married D. has got married二、根据句意及中文提示完成单词1What was your hometown like in the_（过去）?2Do

16、you know what you should do at_（现在，目前）?3I think there will be more_（污染）in fifty years.三、用所给单词的适当形式填空1. (2014常州)-Guo Taos new book about his stories with his son_ (come) out.- Really? Why not go to the bookshop and buy one right now?2. Yancheng is in the_ (north) part of Jiangsu.3. (2014镇江)Li Jianrou

17、 was_ (interview) shortly after she won the first gold medal for China in the 22nd Winter Olympic Games.4. It is necessary for us_ (listen) carefully in class.【参考答案】一、15 ACCDB二. 1. past . 2. present 3. pollution三. 1. has come 2. northern 3. interviewed 4. to listen8B Unit2【考点精讲】一、核心词汇1fantastic adj.

18、考点点拨意为“极好的，美妙的”。a fantastic beach一片极好的海滩；a fantastic achievement 一项了不起的成就；have a fantastic timehave a good/great/wonderful time玩得开心。fantasy n(pl. fantasies)幻想，想象。如：Stop living in a fantasy world别再生活在幻想世界中了。2such det.& pron.考点点拨 such意为“这样的（人或物）”，常用于以下结构：such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数。如：This is such a big hous

19、e.这是一座如此大的房子。such+adj.+可数名词复数。如：They are such kind girls.她们是如此好心的女孩。such+adj.+不可数名词。如：It is such sad music.它是如此悲伤的音乐。辨析 so常用于以下结构：so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数。如：so clever a boy如此聪明的一个男孩so+adj.adv.。如：so clever如此聪明；so quickly如此迅速so many/much/few/little+n。如：so many mistakes如此多的错误3couple n考点点拨意为“两人，两件事物，几个人”。a c

20、oupleof一对，几个，几件。如：I saw a couple of men get out我看见有两个男人出去了。We went there a couple of years ago.我们几年前去过那儿。二、核心句型 dont think itll be a holiday for me.我想这对我来说不会是个假期了。考点点拨本句原为“I think it wont be a holiday for me.”这是一个“否定前移”的句子，主句中的否定词实际上否定的是后面从句的内容。在英语中，当主句是I think，I believe等时，其后的宾语如果是否定式，则要把否定前移至主句，表达成

21、“I dont think/believe+肯定句”的句式。这是因为英美人士在表达个人观点时比较委婉。如：I dont think he is an honest boy.我认为他不是个诚实的孩子。I dont believe that will happen我相信那不会发生。2. It moved at high speed and was really exciting!它高速运动，确实令人兴奋！考点点拨 at high speed以高速，在句子中可以作状语、表语等。如：The train is travelling at high speed.火车正高速运行。The car was at

22、 high speed when the accident happened.事故发生时那辆小汽车正处于高速运行的状态。3. Next, we hurried to a restaurant to have a quick meal.接下来，我们匆匆去了一家餐馆吃了一顿简餐。考点点拨 hurry to someplace匆忙赶到某处；hurry to do sth. be in a hurry to do sthdo sth in a hurry匆忙做某事；in a hurry赶快，急忙。Tom was still late though he hurried to school.虽然汤姆匆匆

23、赶到学校，但还是迟到了。John is in a hurry to catch his train约翰急着赶火车。4. On the way, we met some Disney cartoon characters, such as Snow White and-Mickey Mouse在途中我们遇到了一些迪斯尼卡通人物，比如白雪公主和米老鼠。考点点拨(1) on the way在途中，在路上。后面可以直接跟地点副词homehere/there，跟地点名词时名词前要加介词to。其中the也可以换用形容词性物主代词。如：Lets wait a few moments. Hes on the

24、way.咱们等一会儿，他正在路上。He lost his watch on his way to school this morning.今天早晨他在去学校的路上丢了手表。(2) such as例如，比如。一般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，插在被列举的例子和被列举的名词之间，as后没有逗号。如：He has been to many countries, such as America,Japan and Germany.他去过很多国家，比如美国、日本和德国。such as后面不可以列出前面所提过的所有东西。如：正：I know four languages, such as Japanes

25、e and English我懂四种语言，如日语和英语。误：I know four languages, such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English我懂四种语言，如汉语、法语、日语和英语。在 现代英语中，such as可与etc.（等等）连用。如：They planted many flowers, such as roses,sunflowers，etc.他们种了许多花，如玫瑰、向日葵等。辨析 for example例如。一般只列举同类人或物中的一个为例，作插入语，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。可置于句首、句中或句末。如：For example，

26、air is invisible.例如，空气是看不见的。He, for example, is a good student例如，他就是个好学生。三、重点语法1使用have/has been与have/has gone have/has been曾经去过，表示去过某地，现在已经回来了，人已经不在那里，指的是人的一种经历；have/has gone已经去了某地，表示人在途中或已经到达目的地，人不在说话者处，强调去某地还没有回来。两者后面可以直接跟地点副词，跟地点名词时名词前要加介词to。如：- Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里- He has gone to the bookshop.他去

27、书店了。(Tom在去书店的路上或已到书店，人不在说话处。)- Where have you been recently? 你们最近去哪里了- We have been to Hong Kong.我们去香港了。（人已回来，不在香港。）Miss Brown has gone to Japan布朗小姐去日本了。（人在去日本途中或已在日本，不在说话处。）I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。（谈论以前的经历。）“have been in+地点名词”表示在某地待了多长时间，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，表示持续到现在的状态。如：He has been in

28、 London for half a month.他在伦敦已经有半个月了。2和for及since连用的动词(1) for可以用来表示一段时间。“for+一段时间”用在完成时的句子中时，表示动作延续到说话的那个时刻。如：I stayed there for two weeks.我在那里待了两周。（现在不在那里了。）I have stayed here for two weeks.我已经在这儿待了两周了。（现在还在这里。）(2) since意为“自从”，后可跟时间点或时间状语从句，表示一段时间。如：I have lived here since 1985.自从1985年起，我就住在这儿了。They

29、 have learned about 100 Chinese songs since they came to China自从他们来到中国，他们已经学了约100首中文歌。在上述含有一段时间的完成时句子中，主句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：I have had this bike for five years.我买这辆自行车有五年了。(3)延续性动词和短暂性动词英语中的动词可分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。延续性动词表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间，常见的有live，stay，study，play，read，write，sleep，talk，wait，fly，lie，walk等；短暂性动词

30、表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂，常见的有begin，start, finish, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, die等。延续性动词和短暂性动词都可用于完成时的句子中。但如果完成时句子中含有表示持续时间的时间状语，则要用延续性动词或相当于延续性动词的动词短语作谓语。有些短暂性动词也可转换为延续性的表达方式。如:finish/stop-have/has been over; borrow-h

31、ave/has kept; leave-have/has been away; buy-have/has had; die-have/has been dead: fall ill-have/has been ill; begin/start-have/has been on; catch a cold-have/has had a cold; marry-have/has been married; get married-have/has been married; arrive/come/go-have/has been in/at; join-have/has been in或 have/has been a member of【考点精练】一、