1996年托福阅读全真试题.docx

1、1996年托福阅读全真试题1996年1月托福阅读全真试题Questions1-7 JoyceCarolOatespublishedherfirstcollectionofshort stories.ByTheGate,in1963,twoyearsaftershehad receivedhermastersdegreefromtheUniversityofWisconsin andbecomeaninstructorofEnglishattheUniversityof Detroit.Herproductivitysincethenhasbeenprodigious,accumulating

2、inlessthantwodecadestonearlythirtytitles,including novels,collectionsofshortstoriesandverse,plays,andliterary criticism.Inthemeantime,shehascontinuedtoteach, movingin1967fromtheUniversityofDetroittotheUniversity ofWindsor,inOntario,and,in1978,toPrincetonUniversity. Reviewershaveadmiredherenormousene

3、rgy,but findaproductivityofsuchmagnitudedifficulttoassess. Inaperiodcharacterizedbytheabandonmentofsomuch oftherealistictraditionbyauthorssuchasJohnBarth,Donald Barthelme,andThomasPynchon,JoyceCarolOateshas seemedattimesdeterminedlyold-fashionedinherinsistenceon theessentiallymimeticqualityofherfict

4、ion.Hersisaworld ofviolence,insanity,fracturedlove,andhopelessloneliness. Althoughsomeofitappearstocomefromherowndirect observations,herdreams,andherfears,muchmoreisclearly fromtheexperiencesofothers.Herfirstnovel,WithShuddering Fall(1964),dealtwithstockcarracing,thoughshe hadneverseenarace.INThem(1

5、969)shefocusedon DetroitfromtheDepressionthroughthenotesof1967,drawing muchofhermaterialfromthedeepimpressionmadeonherby theproblemsofoneofherstudents.Whateverthesourceand howevershockingtheeventsorthemotivations,however,her fictiveworldremainsstrikinglyakintothatrealonereflected inthedailynewspaper

6、s,thetelevisionnewsandtalkshows, andthepopularmagazinesofourday. 1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage? (A)ToreviewOatessBytheNorthGate (B)Tocomparesomemodernwriters (C)TodescribeOatesschildhood (D)TooutlineOatesscareer 2.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassageindicateaboutJoyceCarolQatesfirstpublication? (A

7、)Itwaspartofhermastersthesis. (B)Itwasavolumeofshortfiction. (C)Itwasnotsuccessful. (D)ItwasaboutanEnglishinstructorinDetroit. 3.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagesuggestaboutJoyceCarolOatesintermsofherwritingcareer? (A)Shehasexperiencedlongnonproductiveperiodsinherwriting. (B)Herstyleisimitativeofot

8、hercontemporaryauthors (C)Shehasproducedasurprisingamountoffictionsinarelativeshorttime. (D)Mostofherworkisbasedonpersonalexperience. 4.Thewordcharacterizedinline10canbestreplacedbywhichofthefollowing? (A)Shocked (B)Impressed (C)Distinguished (D)Helped 5.WhatwasthesubjectofJoyceCarolOatessfirstnovel

9、? (A)Loneliness (B)Inanity (C)Teaching (D)Racing 6.WhydoestheauthormentionOatessbookThem? (A)Itisatypicalnovelofthe1960s (B)Itisherbestpieceofnonfiction. (C)Itisafictionalworkbasedontheexperiencesofanotherperson. (D)Itisanautobiography. 7.WhichofthefollowingwouldJoyceCarolOatesbemostlikelytowrite? (

10、A)Astorywithanunhappyending (B)Aromancernovelsetinthenineteenthcentury (C)Asciencefictionnovel (D)Adialogueforatalkshow Question8-18 Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommon seacucumber.Alllivingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings, havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittlesea cucumberseem

11、sunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarre animalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feeds almostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteating forlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsidered supremelyediblebygourmets? Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallitseccentricities, theseacucumberhassubsistedon

12、itsdietofmud.Itis adaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet,under rocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats. CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithas theabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatever nutrientsarepresent. Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfrom blacktoreddis

13、h-browntosand-colorandnearlywhite.One formevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesare cucumber-shaped-hencetheirname-andbecausetheyare typicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwithflexibility, enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafe frompredatorsandoceancurrents. Althoughtheyhavevo

14、raciousappetites,eatingdayand night,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomequiescent andliveatalowmetabolicrate-feedingsparinglyornotatall forlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovide theirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthis faculty,theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinsshort timeandwouldp

15、robablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence. Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberis thewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs, whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater. Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Thesea cucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisa

16、ttacked oreventouched;itwilldothesameifsurroundingwater temperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted. 8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss? (A)Thereasonfortheseacucumbersname (B)Whatmakestheseacucumberunusual (C)Howtoidentifytheseacucumber (D)Placeswheretheseacucumbercanbefound 9.Inline3,thewordb

17、izarreisclosestmeaningto (A)odd (B)marine (C)simple (D)rare 10.AccordingtothePassage,whyistheshapeofseacucumbersimportant? (A)Ithelpsthemtodigesttheirfood (B)Ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger. (C)Itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud. (D)Itmakesthemattractivetofish. 11.Thewordsthisfaculty

18、inline20refertotheseacucumbersabilityto (A)squeezeintocrevices (B)devourallavailablefoodinashorttime (C)suckupmudorsand (D)liveatalowmetabolicrate 12.ThefourthparagraphofthepassagePrimarilydiscusses (A)thereproductionofseacucumbers (B)thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers (C)theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers (D)

19、threatstoseacucumbersexistence 13.Thephrasecastsoffinline24isclosestinmeaningto (A)growsagain (B)grabs (C)getsridof (D)usesasaweapon 14.Ofallthecharacteristicsoftheseacucumber,whichofthefollowingseemstofascinatetheauthormost? (A)Whatitdoeswhenthreatened. (B)Whereitlives (C)Howithidesfrompredators (D

20、)Whatiteats. 15.Comparedwithotherseacreaturestheseacucumberisvery (A)dangerous (B)intelligent (C)strange (D)fat 16.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedefensemechanismsoftheseacucumber? (A)Theyareverysensitivetosurroundingstimuli. (B)Theyarealmostuseless. (C)Theyrequiregroupcooperation. (D)Theyaresimilartothos

21、eofmostseacreatures. 17.WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTcauseaseacucumbertoreleaseitsinternalorgansintothewater? (A)Atouch (B)Food (C)Unusuallywarmwater (D)Pollution 18.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofbehaviorcomparablewiththeseacucumberlivingatalowmetabolicrate? (A)Anoctopusdefendingitselfwithitstentacl

22、es (B)Abearhibernatinginthewinter (C)Apigeatingconstantly (D)Aparasitelivingonitshostsblood. Question19-29 Afolkcultureissmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative, nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomand race,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighly developedrituals.Orderismaintainedthrou

23、ghsanctionsbasedin thereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsare strong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequently andslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborinto specializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperform agreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmanydifferbetweenthe sexes.Mostg

24、oodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomy prevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkcultures,as aresocialclasses.Unalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistin industrializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanada. Perhapsthenearestmodern-equivalentinAnglo-Americaisthe Amish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlarg

25、elyrenounces theproductsandlaborsavingdeviceoftheindustrial age.InAmishareas,horse-drawnbuggiesstillserveasalocal transportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedto ownautomobiles.TheAmishscentralreligiousconceptof Demut,humility,clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualism andsocialclasssotypicaloff

26、olkcultures,andthereisa correspondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.Rarelydothe Amishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyofthe Mennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanismformaintaining order. Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneous group,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging. Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivision oflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecialized professions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepolice andarmytaketheplaceofrelig