初三总复习学案1总指引与阅读1.docx

1、初三总复习学案1总指引与阅读1复习总指引与阅读训练一、目标与策略【学习目标】1. 示范正确音标发音，帮助学员掌握发音技巧；2. （请学员）分享个人记忆单词的经验，示范老师记忆单词的方法；3. 掌握阅读过程中的“同义重复”技巧，帮助学员提高答案正确率。 【学习策略】1. 通过正音给学员将来的单词记忆、听力及口语考试做基本的铺垫，并在未来学习过程中及时指导学员的语音失误；2. 熟悉英语文章结构与行文特点，通过掌握文章大意与“同义重复”技巧，快速定位答案。二、学习与应用【要点梳理预习和课堂学习】一、 英文音标：国际音标（IPA）美式（KK）二、 单词记忆 1、重复+发音+时间选择时间间隔记忆量刚记完

2、100%20分钟后58.2%1小时后44.2%89小时后35.8%1天后33.7%2天后27.8%6天后25.4%2、词根词根的意义代表了单词的中心意义，它在单词中占主导地位。词根加上前、后缀即产生了一个单词的意义。所以，只要记住词根的意义，能从单词中辨认出词根的形体，面对一个新词你就基本能明白它的含义。比如你记住了vis看，就能明白visible 是看得见的意思，同时一个词根还能派生出很多单词，充分显示了根儿的含义，比如下组单词都是由vis派生出来的：visit 参观visible 看得见的invisible 看不见的television 电视supervise 监视previse 预见vi

3、sual 视觉的visage 外观上例invisible 中vis是词根，其前面的 in-和后面的 -ible分别就是前、后缀！词根、前缀和后缀三元素组成了词素！英语单词就是由这三元素构成的。三种元素的不同顺序的排列组合构成了千变万化的英语单词。由词根添加前缀、后缀而构成的单词的方法叫派生法。派生的方式有多种，有的只加一个词缀，有的则要添加多个词缀。三、 英语与汉语的思维异同与同义重复汉语表达：由远及近，由大及小英语表达：由近及远，由小及大英语写作中存在两个一致原则：即形式一致原则及逻辑一致原则，导致了同义重复成为英语阅读和写作当中的重要规则，也成为众多考试中赖以快速找到问题答案的一种可靠方式

4、。其中阅读类题型通常有以下四大类：（一）细节题/是非题细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。1设题方式此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。2技巧点拔仔细阅读文章后的问题，根据问题中的关键词或词组，以此作为线索，返回文章查找相关的句子，用相关的这个句子对照选项，意思一致的就是答案。1）题干定位法细节题通常考查考生对于某些重要信息进行迅速、准确地寻找的能力。提问常常用特殊疑问词what,when,where,who,whose,how,why等引出。做这

5、样的题，可以采用“题干定位法”，即先弄清楚题干问什么，然后直接到文中寻找相关信息。带着问题去读文章，目的明确，容易抓住文中与问题相关的信息点。2）跳读捕捉信息法这类细节题通常是考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，或对某一个或几个信息的捕捉能力。其常见的提问方式为：!)The writer mentions all of the following EXCEPT .2) Which of the following is TRUE/NOT true according to the passage?3 )Which of the following statements is mentioned/

6、NOT mentioned in the third paragraph?针对这样的题目，同学们只要运用Skimming（略读）的方法，先整体上阅读文章，然后从原文中找到相关语句进行理解分析，就可以确定答案。要注意的是，不要孤立地理解单个句子，而要结合上下文语境来理解。（二）主旨题主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也就是考查考生的归纳概括和综合阅读能力。这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题（title,headline），短文或段落的主题（subject）、中心思想（main idea）等。1设题方式这类试题的常见设题方式是：a. The writers purpose i

7、n writing this story is .b. What is the authors main purpose?c. What is the main idea of this passage?d. What is the passage mainly talking about?e. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?f. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?2技巧点拨这种题型要注意文章的首段和每段的首句或最后一句。一般说来阅读题没有标题，就会给学

8、生了解文章的中心意思造成一定的困难，而文章的首段或每段的首句 往往可能是文章或每段的中心，是作者要说明的对象或作者要阐述的观点，尾句是文章的结论或表达作者的意图、态度、目的。注意到这一点，才能抓住中心，为理解文章奠定良好的基础。（三）推断题推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属深层理解题。1设题方式常以infer（推断），imply（暗示），suggest, conclude（推断），learn, intend（意指），mean, describ

9、e, purpose等词提问。或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如等和其他表示可能性的词，如等。2技巧点拨1）抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理做此类试题要关于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即抓住某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断、利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。2）整合全文（段）信息进行推断做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。3）利用语境的褒贬性变化的标志性词汇或句子进行信息推断，了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化。4）根据上下文的逻辑得出结论逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行

10、推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。（四）词义猜测题词义猜测题是根据上下文正确理解某些单词或短语的意思。主要分为两类：没学过的单词或短语；it, them等代词所指定的内容。1猜测词义的解题方法有下列几种：1）根据上下文的提示猜测生词词义，包括对单词词义和词组含义的推断，以及对整个句子意思的猜测；2)根据同义词猜测生词词义，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词；3)通过因果关系猜生词词义，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词表示前因后果；4）根据构词法猜测生词词义。对于

11、派生法和合成法类词，只要将已知词的词义或者前后缀的含义结合起来分析，使可以推知其词义；对于转化法类词，则应根据地它本身的基本含义，结合上下文的逻辑关系推知。5）利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等方面的知识猜词，即理解上下文，再运用常识或相关的知识，猜出生词的含义。2设题方式常见的猜测词义试题的设题方式有：a. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word?b. The word could be replaced by .c. In the paragraph , the word means (refers t

12、o ) .3技巧点拨1）语境理解实例 The rose (玫瑰) is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some western countries. People think the rose stands for love, peace , courage (勇气) and friendship. And the rose is the national flower of England ,America and many other countries.Whats the Chinese meaning of the und

13、erlined “stand for”?A忍受 B.代表 C. 站立 D. 认为2）同义关系实例The French ,proud of their delicious and high-class cuisine, dont like fast food.81% of them think it is unhealthy, followed by 75 of the Japanese.The word “cuisine”in the passage means _.A. food B. house C. water D. country3）因果关系实例Angela didnt know it

14、 would be so hard to turn singing into a career. She went to many different record companies. But she was always turned town for looking too young and small.The underlined word in the passage means _.A承认 B拒绝 C开除 D雇用4）解释说明实例I came to Mount Isa six months ago. Its a long way from Brisbane- about 2000k

15、m.It is a small city, which has population of 21000,but it has all the basic facilities such as a base hospital ,six schools, supermarkets and many government offices.The underlined word in the passage means _.A 工厂 B 设施 C 游乐场 D街区【典型例题自主学习】 (A)Photography ClubDo you like taking pictures?Do you want t

16、o record the beauty in your life?Why not join our club?Miss Yang will teach you how to take better photos.Time: 3:30 p.m.-4:30 p.m.Day: Tuesdays & WednesdayPlace: Room 207, School Science BuildingMusic Lovers WantedBoys and girls, are you music lovers?Can you play any musical instruments?If you want

17、 to make your own music and you want to perform it in front of your friends, welcome to our Shocking Band.Time: 2:30 p.m.-5:30 p.m.Day: Saturday & SundayPlace: School TheatreCall Jack at 2889 9346 for further information.Insect ClubWhy not join us if you are an insect lover?In our club, you can list

18、en to talks about insects given by experts.We can go outside to the nature and study insects together.Time: 4:30 p.m.-5:30 p.m.Day: Thursday & FridayPlace: Biology Lab (Room 401, School Science Building)Send an email to insectclub for more information.Crazy TeamWe are all crazy about creating new th

19、ings. In our club, any special new idea is acceptable. If you have an amazing dream to realize, come to our club. Lets do it together.Time: 4:00 p.m.-5:30 p.m.Day: Monday to FridayPlace: Physics Lab (Room 507, School Science Building)Click for more information( ) 26. Miss Yang will teach you _.A. ho

20、w to take better photos B. how to realize your dreamC. how to make a piece of music D. how to study insects( ) 27. Mike is dreaming of making a robot. Which should he join?A. Photography Club B. Shocking BandC. Crazy Team D. Insect Club( ) 28. If you are free on Thursday and Friday, which two clubs

21、can you choose? A. Photography Club & Shocking Band B. Crazy Team & Insect Club C. Shocking Band & Insect Club D. Photography Club & Crazy Team( ) 29. If you love music and want to get more information about Shocking Band, you can _.A. go to Room 207 in School Science BuildingB. send an email to ins

22、ectclubC. click D. call Jack at 2889 9346BA few years after I was born, a stranger appeared in our small town. Dad liked this attractive newcomer very much and soon invited him to live with our family. The stranger was quickly accepted and was around from then on.As I grew up, I never questioned his

23、 place in my family. In my young mind, he had a special position. Mom taught me how to tell good from bad, and Dad taught me to follow orders. But the stranger was our storyteller. He would keep us listening for hours with adventures, mysterious stories and comedies. If I wanted to know anything abo

24、ut history or science, he always knew the answers. He knew about the past, understood the present and even seemed to be able to know what would happen in the future! With his help, my family even watched a national ball game for the first time.Both my brothers and I enjoyed sitting around the strang

25、er. He made us laugh, he made us cry, and he never stopped talking. Dad didnt seem to mind. However, Mom thought he was too talkative. Sometimes she would go to the kitchen for peace and quiet.My dad didnt allow drinking, but the stranger encouraged us to try it. He also made us feel that smoking lo

26、oked cool and manly. He talked freely (much too freely!)Fifty years has passed since the stranger moved in and now I am fifty-four. I now know that my early childhood was strongly influenced by the stranger. Many times, he challenged the values of my parents, yet nobody stopped him or asked him to l

27、eave. What is his name? We just call him-“TV”. He has a younger sister now. We call her “computer”.( ) 30. Who was the storyteller in the family? A. Mom. B. Dad. C. TV. D. Brother.( ) 31. Why would Mom go to the kitchen while the rest of us were with the stranger? A. Because the programmes were not

28、interesting. B. Because she wanted to avoid the noise. C. Because she didnt like to be with her family. D. Because she needed to cook for her family.( ) 32. From the passage, we know _. A. the stranger told the writer not to smoke B. the stranger always argued with the writers parents C. the writers

29、 mother thought that the stranger was cool D. the writers father brought the stranger to his family( ) 33. What is the best title of the passage? A. A Stranger in My Childhood B. A Serious Stranger C. The Stranger Taught Us Everything D. How TV Came into My Family总结升华： 1、_2、_3、_三、总结与测评【我的收获】【限时测评】限时

30、： 分钟 做题时间： 分数： 家长签字： 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共10小题，每小题1.5分） When I was in Grade Seven, I volunteered at a hospital. I usually stayed with Mr. Gillespie-a patient in a coma（昏迷）. He never had any visitors, and 16 seemed to care about him. As a volunteer, I spent many days 17 his hand and talking to him even though he slept all the time. Once I needed to be out of town for 18 a week, but when I came back ten days later, I found Mr. Gillespie was gon