新编经贸英语阅读第一至第三单元答案及参考译文.docx

1、新编经贸英语阅读第一至第三单元答案及参考译文第一至第三单元Keys to unit 1Text A1) Omit. 2) Economics studies the choices made by people who are faced with scarcity.3) Scarcity is a situation in which resources are limited and can be used in different ways, so we must sacrifice one thing for another.4) The resources are limited,

2、and they can be used in different ways.5） Omit. 6） Because of scarcity, people must make difficult choices: You must decide how to spend your time; the city must decide how to use its land.7) Omit.8) Together, the choices made by individuals, firms, and governments determine societys choices 9) 1. W

3、hat goods and services do we produce? 2. How do we produce these goods and services? 3. Who consumes the goods and services that are produced? 10) For example, if we devote more resources to medical care, we have fewer resources for education and consumer goods. If we increase the number of people w

4、orking in factories, we have fewer people to work on farms and in the classroom. Translate the followings:Part A 1)财政顾问3)财力5)金融资本7)金融市场9)金融政策11)周期性失业13)结构性失业15)失业人数17)国会选举19)政府规模2)金融体系4)财务6)金融危机8)金融风险10)失业率12)季节性失业14)技术改进引起的失业16)汽车信贷18)竞选活动20)精简政府PartB1) economic concerns3) economic climate5) econom

5、ic expansion7) economic indicator9) natural resources11) scarcity13) trade-off15) process a loan17) medical care19) civilian pursuits2) economic issue4) economic community6) economic growth8) the state of economy10) human resources12) raise money14) mortgage loan16) loan capital18) military pursuits

6、20) educational pursuitsPart C1) 人类有多种需要和需求。经济学仅仅关注人的物质需求。这些需求可以通过消费商品来得到满足或者是实货(有形商品，如食物)，或者是服务(无形商品，如供热)。2) 所有的社会都存在三个共同的基本问题，即：生产什么、怎样生产和为谁生产。前两个问题代表的是生产，而第三个问题则代表的是分配。3) 人类的需要和需求几乎是无限的，然而不幸的是，人们发现自己的资源很缺乏。4) 如果我们的资源缺乏，那就意味着我们不得不做出一个选择。如果约翰想把他的钱用在购书和学习上，那就意味着他买不起他想要的摩托车了。5) 经济学中最为古老的话题也许就是为什么有些国家

7、富有，而其他国家贫穷。有一点没有异议，那就是在许多发展中国家里，受过高等教育的劳动者稀缺。6) 那些研究过欧洲年轻人高失业率现象的经济学家，把导致长期失业的重要因素归咎于工作技能和良好工作习惯(如按时上班)的缺失。Part D1) Helen bought a three-month-old car with just 4,000 miles on it，paying about$6,000 less than she would for an otherwise identical new car2) The biggest issue in the campaign was the siz

8、e of government：One candidate promised to cut government；while the other promised to develop some new government programs3) Economics is the study of the choices made by people who are faced with scarcity4) Scarcity is a situation in which resources are limited and can be used in different ways，so w

9、e must sacrifice one thing for another5) The pervasiveness of choice in the face 0f scarcity is reflected in the definition of economics offered by the famous economist Alfred Marshall(1842-1924)：“Economics is the study of mankind in the everyday business of life”6)To decide how much of each good to

10、 produce，we face some important trade-offsFor example, if we devote more resources to medical care，we have fewer resources for education and consumer goodsIII.Cloze1.A 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.BText B1）Who can earn higher wagecollege graduates or high?school gradua

11、tes?College graduates2) Has the wage gap between them become narrower or wider over the last 20 years according to the passage?The wage gap between them become wider3)What is college premium?Typical college graduate earned 82more than the typical high school graduate 4)Why does a college graduate ha

12、ve more job options than a high school graduate?Because a college education provides the skills necessary to enter certain occupations5)If an employer can determine that a high school graduate has the same skill required as a college graduate does，whom do you think he will probably employ?College gr

13、aduates6)Can an employer determine a potential workers skills in most cases?No7)Why will firms often choose college graduates instead of high school graduates?A college education provides a signal to employers about a potential workers skills，so firms will often choose college graduates instead of h

14、igh school graduates.8)What are the factors in growing college premium?The most important factor in the growing college premium is technological change，which has increased the demand for college graduates relative to the demand for other workers9)Why are firms willing to hire college graduates with

15、more payment?Workers with more education can more easily learn new skills and new jobs，so firms ale willing to pay more for college graduates10)What can explain that the college graduates earn higher wages?College graduates have more education and they can learn new things more easily.Text C 开放经济 CC

16、. Open Economy 封闭经济 A.closed economy 3. 计划经济 Z. Planned Economy 宏观经济现象B.macroeconomic phenomena 经济衰退 E.financial recessions.国际领域C.international arena 兑换率R.exchange rate 鲜明的对比Q.sharp contrast . 关税 T.tariff 进口配额 V. import quota 控制经济 AA.Command Economy 2贸易平衡S.balance of trade 3补贴U.subsidy 1主要优势 W. prim

17、ary advantage 基础设施 BB. infrastructure 6贸易范围 K.Scope of trade 1市场经济 DD. market Economy 生产力D. production capacity 集体的利益H. collective benefit 过剩生产M.surplus production 增加财富J.multiply the wealth . 代表 I. stands for 发展过程 L.process of evolution 根除F.eradicates 2 5. 获利G. profit-making 私营企业 X. private enterpri

18、ses 慎重的计划 O.deliberate planning 政府开支Y.government expenditure 9. 通货膨胀 N. inflation 30. 终究P.in the long run 1.CC 2. A 3. Z 4. B 5.E 6.C 7. R8. Q 9. T 10.V 11. AA 12. S 13. U 14. W 15. BB 16. K17.DD18.D19.H20.M21.J22.I23.L24.F25.G26.X27.O28.Y29.N30.P译文TEXT A经济学为什么大学毕业生能赚更高的工资海伦在忙碌了一天以后，瘫倒在沙发上。当她回忆起这天所发

19、生的事情时，一连串的问题不停地在她脑海里出现。在大学毕业的那个早上，她从收到的5份工作邀请中选择了一 份。她有些奇怪，为什么她这么幸运：因为在两年以前，失业率大大高于现在，而那时候大部分毕业生即使能够有一份工作都会感到十分幸运。为什么失业率年年在变化？海伦工作的起薪大约是普通高中毕业生工资的1.8倍，是发展中国家同样工作人员的工资的10倍。她很奇怪为什么她的工资这么高。为什么大学毕业生的工资比高中生高的多，而美国工人的工资比发展中国家工人的工资要高得多呢？海伦买了一辆开了三个月，行程才4000英里的二手车，比她买同样一辆新车少花了6000美元。这看起来太好了，简直难以置信。当她开出停车场的时候

20、，记起朋友说过旧车都有这样或那样的毛病，她寻思着自己是否犯了个错误。为什么许多二手车都被证明为次品呢？海伦很惊讶为什么在当地银行借钱买车这么容易，也很好奇金融系统是怎么运作的。银行在哪里搞到钱来借贷的？在回家路上，海伦停了一下车参加了国会选举，竞选的主要论点是有关政府是否应该裁员的问题，他们一个说应该精简机构，另一个却说要建立些新的政府机构。海伦不明白究竟哪个候选人说的才是对的。政府到底扮演的是什么角色，它是太大还是太小了？正如你在以上故事里所能看到的，经济就在我们身边。我们每天都生活在经济环境中，我们每天作为消费者，作为生产者，作为销售者，作为国民等等的生活经历，都会让我们十分关心国家经济，

21、市场状况，以及政府的作用这些事情。什么是经济学？经济学是一门研究人们在面对稀缺资源时所做出选择的学问。稀缺是资源有限的这样一种情形：当有限的资源可以用于多种途径时，我们选取一种则必须放弃另外一种。下面是关于稀缺的几个例子：比如你今天的时间是有限的，当你花一个小时看书的时候，你就同时牺牲了1个小时去做其他事情，比如学习其它课程、看报纸或者做运动。又比如一个城市的地皮是有限的，如果用一亩地去做公园，就同时少了一亩地皮去建写字楼、工厂或者宿舍楼。一个国家的人口是有限的，如果国家组建军队，那么就减少了当医生、当教师或者职员的人数。因为短缺，人们必须要作困难的选择：你必须要决定如何合理安排时间，一个城市

22、要决定如何规划使用土地，一个国家要决定如何将她的国民合理的分为当老百姓的和从事军人这两个部分。无论你从哪个角度看，我们都生活在经济之中。在面对稀缺资源的时候，那无处不在的选择很好的反应了著名经济学家Alfred Marshall提出的经济学定义：经济学是研究在日常生活事务中的人类的学科。每个人都要面对一连串的选择，其中包括买什么商品，申请什么职位，花多少时间用来工作，存多少钱在银行。一个公司需要思考生产什么商品，怎么去生产他们。一个政府要考虑建立一系列公共项目，并且要考虑筹集多少钱来支持这些项目。于是，个人、公司、政府的选择共同决定了整个社会的选择，并且回答了以下3个基本问题。1 我们生产什么

23、产品和服务？要决定每一种产品生产多少，我们就会面临着重要的权衡。比如，如果我们投入较多的资源到医疗上，那么我们投入到教育以及日常消费上的就会较少。如果我们增加在工厂工作的人数，那么在农田和教室里工作的人就会较少。2 我们怎么生产这些产品和服务？我们要决定如何用已有资源去生产我们所需要的东西。比如我们是应该用石油，太阳能，还是用核原料来发电？我们教授大学生的时候是应该上大课还是上小课？我们种植食物作物的时候，是应该在大集团的农场里种还是在小型的家庭菜园里种？3 谁来消费这些产品或者服务？我们必须决定这个社会里如何分配稀缺资源。如果有些人赚的钱比别人多，那么他是不是就应该消费的更多呢？我们应该拿多

24、少富人的钱来资助穷人呢？Keys to unit 2Text AI.answer the following questions1. According to the passage,birthday parties are something that many Chinese children want and expect as part of growing up.2.For celebration,or to provide a good chance of gathering for children to make new friends.This is open to be d

25、iscussed.3. corporations can set up production in just about any part of the world where there is stability, large potential markets, low taxes, good infrastructure and plenty of cheap, disciplined workers. 4. only about 20 per cent of worlds population lived under capitalism, mainly in Western Euro

26、pe, North America and Japan.5. By the 1980s, most of the non-capitalist countries had reached a crisis point.6. International trade is trade between people or firms in different countries.7. Most economists regard globalization as a good thing, because the desirable features of capitalism also apply

27、 when people do business across international boundaries.8. If Adam Smith was observing the world today and wanted to explain how the invisible hand works, he might have written that it is not from the benevolence of McDonalds that we expect our Big Mac, but from their regard to their own interest.

28、By pursuing its own interest McDonalds frequently promotes that of society more effectually than when it really intends to promote it.9.Its own interests.10. Do you like it or dislike it ,give some reasons.II.Translate the expressions and sentences in the following partsPartA1 开生日晚会2j经历快速的变化3 一个微不足道

29、的例子4 限制于5 训练有素的工人6 中央计划7 使他们的经济现代化8 达到危险的地步9 模仿资本主义国家10 掌握政权11 扩大国际贸易12 和做生意13 自由市场和自由竞争14 超越了国界15 解释看不见的手是如何工作的16 用另一种方式表述17欠发达国家18 相对优势19 低税收20 作为的一部分Part B1 an ancient culture 2 the pressure of globalization3 the heart of issues 4 potential markets 5 computer links6 economic life7 to seek some al

30、ternative to 8 to abandon stratagy9 to open up 10 the reduced price11 by the end of the twentieth century 12 private ownership13 the desirable features 14 observing the world15 to pursue interest 16 in expectation of 17 to escape poverty 18 huge amount of research19 the invisible hand 20 virtually a

31、nyone on the planetPart C1.这看上去可能只是一个微不足道的范例，但是在它的深处所发生的变化过程却触及到了二十一世纪人们所不得不面对的最为重要的问题的核心。2.世界上大约有三分之一的人生活在以某种中央集权制度来控制经济生活的国家。3.在二十世纪末，世界上百分之九十多的人口在资本主义制度下生活和工作4.当今的世界是一个无边界的世界，在这个世界中的人几乎可以和这个星球上的任何一个人做生意，因为各地的政府都不再计较私有制、自由市场和竞争。5.在意大利生产的高质量的产品，比如玻璃制品，羊毛制品和皮革制品被用来交换一些贵重的产品，比如香料和丝绸，而意大利人从这些贸易中获取巨额利润。6.到十六世纪末，意大利这个国家从繁荣昌盛逐步走向衰落。这种经济财富的衰退剧减可以用比较优势的变化这一术语来解释。Part D1 Thus, one part of an ancient culture, which took thousands of years to develop,